• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.536-549
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• 2020

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important crops of the world. With the completion of the soybean genome sequence, the Korean soybean core collection consisted of 430 accessions with genetic and phenotypic diversity was constructed in recent year. The availability of genome sequences and core collection will result in the crop improvement by molecular breeding using the various accessions and genome editing approaches. Efficient tissue culture techniques, such as haploid production, protoplast culture and plant regeneration from various organs are essential for the successful molecular biological approach and crop improvement. However, soybean is still considered to be recalcitrant in tissue culture because of the low frequency of regeneration and limitation of available responsive cultivars. In this study, we discuss the recent studies of tissue culture technology and methodology for efficient tissue culture to genetic improvement and application of molecular biotechnology in soybean.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2010

Becoming construction projects larger and more complicated, and utilizing more varied and complex contracting and delivery systems in the industry, integrating information and managing constructability from project inception to completion became the most critical tasks for the successful project management. However, current industry practices of constructability analysis which are too much dependent on field engineers and managers' experiences, are not performed efficiently and also not managed effectively. Then the scope, method, and procedure in performing analysis tasks are not certain as well as not systematic, In addition, due to using 2D based drawings and documents, information required at project phases for the analysis is inconsistent and inaccurate. This study aims to suggest the use of BIM technology and functions for solving various problems of current constructability practices. In particular, constructability analysis tasks performed at design and construction stages are identified and their adaptability, applicability, and benefits of BIM are investigated through interviews on constructability and BIM professionals in the industry.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2018

The purpose of this case report was to introduce the concept of orthodontic and orthopedic treatment for a growing patient with Tessier number 0 cleft. A 5-year-old boy patient with Tessier number 0 cleft presented congenitally missing maxillary central incisors (MXCI), a bony defect at the premaxilla, a constricted maxillary arch, an anterior openbite, and maxillary hypoplasia. His treatment was divided into three stages: management of the bony defect at the premaxilla and the congenitally missing MXCIs using a fan-type expansion plate, iliac bone grafting, and eruption guidance of the maxillary lateral incisors into the graft area for substitution of MXCIs; management of the maxillary hypoplasia using sequential facemask therapy with conventional and skeletal anchorage; and management of the remaining occlusal problems using fixed orthodontic treatment. The total treatment duration was 15 years and 10 months. Class I canine and Class II molar relationships and normal overbite and overjet were achieved at the end of treatment. Although the long-term use of facemask therapy resulted in significant protraction of the retrusive maxilla, the patient exhibited Class III profile because of continued mandibular growth. However, the treatment result was well maintained after 2 years of retention. The findings from this case suggest that interdisciplinary and customized approaches are mandatory for successful management of maxillary hypoplasia, bony defect, and dental problems in Tessier number 0 cleft. Moreover, considering the potential of orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis, meticulous monitoring of mandibular growth until growth completion is important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1999

The KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) tokamak is a nuclear fusion experimental device for a long pulse/steady-state plasma operation, adopting fully superconducting magnets. In accordance with completion of the basic design of the torus vacuum vessel and the enclosing cryostat, the vacuum pumping and gas fueling basic design has been developed to fulfil the physics requirements. The ultra-high vacuum pumping and sophisticated gas fueling system of the machine is essential to achieve such roles for optimized plasma performance and operation. Recently the vacuum exhaust system using dedicated pumping ports for the vacuum vessel and cryostat has been modified to meet more reliable and successful performance of the KSTAR[Fig. 1].In order to achieve the required base pressure of 5 x 10-9 torr, the total impurity load to the vessel internal is limited to ~5 x 10-5 torr-1/x, while the cryostat base pressure is kept as ~5 x 105 torr to mitigate the thermal load applied to the superconducting magnets. Each KSTAR fueling system will be separately capable of fueling gas at a rate of 50 torr-1/x, consistent with the given pumping throughput. In order to initiate a plasma discharge in KSTAR, the vacuum vessel is filled to a gas pressure of few 10-6 to few 10-4 torr, and additional gas injection is required to maintain and increase the plasma density during the course of the discharge period.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.557-569
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• 2013

Risk management activity for successful defense R&D project should be done anticipatorily and consistently over the entire project period and there should be a priority for management depending on importance of the risk factors. In this study, we verified the reliability and validity through factor analysis for the risk factors selected by the Delphi technique. We also obtained the relative importance of risk factors with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and decided to prioritize for comparison of domestic and overseas research. According to the study, we found that it is important to settle the requirements and to classify the scope of R&D. It is also considered significant to have reasonable schedule for completion and secure the necessary resources in the early stage of project. Unlike previous studies, it appeared the technical factors are critical elements as well for defense R&D project.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2008

Objective : Although cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is effective in patients with panic disorder, its the-rapeutic mechanism of action in the brain remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate regional blood flow changes associated with successful completion of CBT in drug-naive patients with panic disorder. Method : The regional blood flow in 4 patients with panic disorder was compared to that in 11 healthy controls before and after a 12-week group CBT using $^{99m}Tc$-ECD SPECT imaging. Psychopathology was assessed using Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Data were analyzed using software for statistical parametric mapping (SPM2). Results : Before CBT, significantly decreased blood flow was found in the parietal and occipital area in panic patients than normal volunteers. In all the patients who showed remission after CBT, increased blood flow was detected in the right cingulate gyrus, left lingual gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule, whereas decreased blood flow was seen in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusion : These results suggested that CBT is effective for panic disorder and change the activity of cingulate gyrus and left temporal gyrus, a part of the brain areas associated with fear in panic disorder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2329-2336
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• 2016

Background: Despite the existence of established guidelines advocating the use and value of chemotherapy order templates, chemotherapy orders are still handwritten in many hospitals in Lebanon. This manuscript describes the implementation of standardized chemotherapy order templates (COT) in a Lebanese tertiary teaching hospital through multiple steps. Initial Assessment: An initial assessment was conducted through a retrospective appraisal of completeness of handwritten chemotherapy orders for 100 adult patients to serve as a baseline for the project and identify parameters that might afford improvement. Choice of solution: Development of over 300 standardized pre-printed COTs based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network templates and adapted to the practice culture and patient population. Implementation: The COTs were implemented, using Kotter's 8-step model for leading change, by engaging health care providers, and identifying and removing barriers. Evaluation: Assessment of physicians' compliance with the new practice (122 orders assessed) was completed through two phases and allowed for the identification of areas of improvement. Lessons Learned: Overall, COT implementation showed an average improvement in order completion from 49.5% (handwritten orders) to 77.6% (phase 1-COT) to 87.6% (phase 2-COT) reflecting an increase of 38.1% between baseline and phase 2 and demonstrating that chemotherapy orders completeness was improved by pre-printed COT. As many of the hospitals in Lebanon are moving towards standardized COTs and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) in the next few years, this study provides a prototype for the successful implementation of COT and demonstrates their role in promoting quality improvement of cancer care.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2891-2896
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• 2013

Background: To illustrate multiple approaches and to assess participation rates adopted for a community based smoking cessation intervention programme in rural Kerala. Materials and Methods: Resident males in the age group 18-60 years who were 'current daily smokers' from 4 randomly allocated community development blocks of rural Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala (2 intervention and 2 control groups) were selected. Smoking status was assessed through house-to-house survey using trained volunteers. Multiple approaches included awareness on tobacco hazards during baseline survey and distribution of multicolour anti-tobacco leaflets for intervention and control groups. Further, the intervention group received a tobacco cessation booklet and four sessions of counselling which included a one-time group counselling cum medical camp, followed by proactive counselling through face-to-face (FTF) interview and mobile phone. In the second and fourth session, motivational counselling was conducted. Results: Among 928 smokers identified, smokers in intervention and control groups numbered 474 (mean age: 44.6 years, SD: 9.66 years) and 454 respectively (44.5 years, SD: 10.30 years). Among the 474 subjects, 75 (16%) had attended the group counselling cum medical camp after completion of baseline survey in the intervention group, Among the remaining subjects (n=399), 88% were contacted through FTF and mobile phone (8.5%). In the second session (4-6 weeks time period), the response rate for individual counselling was 94% (78% through FTF and 16% through mobile phone). At 3 months, 70.4% were contacted by their mobile phone and further, 19.6% through FTF (total 90%) while at 6 months (fourth session), the response rate was 74% and 16.4% for FTF and mobile phone respectively, covering 90.4% of the total subjects. Overall, in the intervention group, 97.4% of subjects were being contacted at least once and individual counselling given. Conclusion: Proactive community centred intervention programmes using multiple approaches were found to be successful to increase the participation rate for intervention.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.767-804
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• 2000

International network strategy is intended to examine the validity of existing network-centered theories in order to ascertain why small-and medium-sized enterprises are useful as a strategic correspondence to the internationalization trend. Small-and medium-sized enterprises can be estimated as being vital majorities in terms of their flexibility to meet changable conditions in international marketing compared with the conglomerates Therefore, their dependency on a few conglomerates for the international economy can be diverged. Generally, the successful internationalization of industries can be derived from the creation of suitable strategies for its competence and quality with the effective correction and completion of its strategy and tactics through mistakes. The internationalization strategy of small-and medium-sized enterprises should not be the reckless pursuit of internationalization that depends only on the increase of investment or the simple induction of the other conglomerates strategic models, but it should be accomplished through the evolution and practice of the concrete strategies that will be more proper for the enterprise's property and efficiency. The results of analyses with proof can be summarized with two effects in large in the process of internationalization of domestic small-and medium-sized enterprises. First, the capacity for internationalization of firms results from a long-term training procedure and continuous development of managing activities. Then in time this becomes an important element for the small-and medium-sized firms in terms with its position targeted international trading. However, the domestic enterprises are showing their abilities in the international competition in quantity, and trying to establish relationships between the enterprises through international networks. Second, statistics might not be meaningful in part because of the lack of data for analysis. It seems that more useful results will be derived from obtaining and utilizing sufficient information and from establishing an inter-relationship between the small-and medium-sized enterprises which are investing in foreign companies.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.303-325
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• 2010

This study concerns the identification of INPR process (i.e., antecedents, timeliness in new product development (NPD) and international new product rollout (INPR) and consequences) for international new product performance. It was empirically tested by a Korean sample to verify the validity of the research framework. The results show that cross-functional integration exhibited a statistically significant and positive effect on NPD timeliness. For the rapid development of new products, evidence is mounting in favor of cross-functional integration that facilitates both the quick dissemination and utilization of information. A higher level of marketing synergy was positively associated with a higher level of NPD timeliness. These findings suggest that marketing synergy plays a key role in enhancing NPD timeliness in South Korean manufacturing companies. The results also indicate that HQ-subsidiary cooperation was positively related to INPR timeliness. More comprehensive and varied information flows between HQ and subsidiary are likely to achieve product competitive advantage and then the latter may lead to international new product launch timeliness. However, technology synergy has no significant influence on NPD timeliness, implying that Korean manufacturers' managers do not recognize technology to be a major driving force, unlike Western manufacturers' managers. The findings also indicate that the positive effects of timeliness in INPR on international new product performance. It is important note that successful achievements of international new product success are likely to rely on INPR timeliness. Importantly, the results found that products developed within planned time frames are more likely to be rolled out into multi-markets on-time, resulting in higher levels of performance than when NPD completion is delayed.