• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.9
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• pp.273-302
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• 1998

INTERNATIONAL MONITORY FUNDS wave swept the Economic structural insolvency lies one upon another with low growth, low trust, low prices, low interest and low employment as[2 down 3 up] phenomenons have been distinguished and low enterprise a control of structures due to forecasting 200 million unemployment, including 600 million unemployed the head of a family population have a difficulty in their life. Only way to give them hope is through the commencement of an enterprises to have 2nd career development. But end of 1995, 467,00 dining out companies have been established and recently business are in depression. There are many business conditions of change of business or reduce operations, if unemployment populations of 5%, 100,000 peoples doing the commencement of an enterprises, enormous number of dining out companies will be increased and the competition will be fierce, especially those who have short knowledge and experience doing the commencement of an enterprises have high failure than success which will give a problems to society. Our study is to make the commencement of an enterprise to reducing the faiure and to be successful for main point to successful commencement of an enterprise, the established can self capability and mental condition, the main important factor is types of industry selection, successful and those established who takes this conditions will very carefully inspect various matters by scientifically and rationally mind industrys propulsion graphs and open official fixture graphs will framing detail factors. One by inspect the reduction of failure, and successful commencement of an enterproses mind industry have been studied.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-62
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• 2017

To analyze the effects of R&D expenditure on the firm value of Korean firms, we classified portfolios based on R&D activity levels. After that, we conducted a time-series analysis to assess excess returns from the portfolios. To carry out such an analysis, an empirical analysis of excess returns in the capital market was performed by using the monthly earning rate of stocks from 2000 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to provide basic data on investment to stakeholders in the capital market by analyzing the effects of R&D on the firm value and to overcome scholarly limitations by offering a new model of analysis. The criteria for classifying the portfolios were based on R&D expenditure levels. The analysis models follow the Fama-French Three-Factor Model and the Carhart Four-Factor Model. The analyses results are as follows. Extrapolating monthly profit rates based on R&D expenditure levels, portfolios with low R&D expenditures showed higher earning rates than those with high R&D expenditures. This suggests that high R&D expenditures did not translate into high earning rates. The investor depreciates the R&D expenditures related profitability and the possibility of success in the market, leading to falls in stock prices and a failure to give a positive effect on the firm value. Our research differs from the previous investigations as we carried out an empirical analysis based on the actual investors' attitudes about R&D expenditures and how these can generate excess earnings. Our research results show that the data related to R&D expenditure are not reflected fully in the market.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.396-416
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• 2019

The key conditions for the promotion of innovative technology-based start-ups are expanding the market for innovative technology products and services, increasing equity-based funding opportunities, promoting the commercialization of technological innovation, and establishing a fair-trade system for start-ups to compete fairly in the market. Besides, there is a need for a support system that minimizes the cost of failure in case of business failure to facilitate re-challenge and provides education and training opportunities to enhance entrepreneurial capabilities. To activate technology-based start-ups, the Korean government introduced the TIPS policy in 2013. It is a program that creates technology start-up with private investment led by successful venture entrepreneurs, which has shown remarkable achievement and is regarded as the most successful policy in this field up to now. The most critical factor contributed to the success of this program is to invite private investors to select a technology entrepreneurship team and provide mentoring with the investment. The government provides R&D funding with matching investment, commercialization and marketing support to ensure that technology start-ups survive crossing the death-valley. Subsequent investments from domestic and abroad investors are actively made and it is becoming a representative technology-based start-up program in Korea.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

Purpose: Rehabilitation of the incomplete dentition by means of osseointegrated dental implants represents a highly predictable and widespread therapy; however, little is known about potential risk factors that may impair long-term implant success. Methods: From 2004 to 2012, a total of 13,147 implants were placed in 4,316 patients at the Academy for Oral Implantology in Vienna. The survival rates after 8 years of follow-up were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the impact of patient- and implant-related risk factors was assessed. Results: Overall implant survival was 97% and was not associated with implant length (P=0.930), implant diameter (P=0.704), jaw location (P=0.545), implant position (P=0.450), local bone quality (P=0.398), previous bone augmentation surgery (P=0.617), or patient-related factors including osteoporosis (P=0.661), age (P=0.575), or diabetes mellitus (P=0.928). However, smoking increased the risk of implant failure by 3 folds (P<0.001) and a positive history of periodontal disease doubled the failure risk (P=0.001). Conclusions: Summing up the long-term results of well over 10,000 implants at the Academy for Oral Implantology in Vienna it can be concluded that there is only a limited number of patients that do not qualify for implant therapy and may thus not benefit from improved quality of life associated with fixed implant-retained prostheses.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.45-53
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• 2014

Purpose - Goal setting is effective in any domain in which an individual or group has some control over the outcomes. It applies not only to work tasks but also to sports and health, and in various other settings. Its success depends on considering the mediators and moderators determining its efficacy and applicability. This study investigates the individual factors influencing academic goal attainability. Unlike previous studies, we focused on the effect of the relationships between individual traits (passion, tenacity, self-control) and specific motivation (vision, self-efficacy, implementation intentions) with academic goal attainability, rather than the effects of the relationship between commitment and the goal shielding mechanism with goal attainability. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collected through questionnaires were analyzed by the SPSS program. A total of 293 school students, who participated in the TOEIC program, participated in the survey. Slightly more than half were female (male: n=145 vs. female: n=148). We verified nine hypotheses through various statistical methods (reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model for the hypothesis test, bootstrapping test for the mediation test). Results - Data was analyzed in three phases. The first phase involved measurement analysis (i.e., item purification and factor structure confirmation), involving the scales of the three variables of individual traits, three mechanism variables, and goal attainability. The second phase involved estimating the proposed structural relationships among the key constructs (see Figure 1), using the results to test H1 to H9. The final phase involved examining the mediating effects of the three variables (vision, implementation intention, and self-efficacy). The research model shows that the independent variable passion has a significant result with both the mediators-vision and self-efficacy. Further, vision and self-efficacy significantly affect goal attainability. The second variable, self-control, shows a significant effect when mediated by implementation intentions, but the direct relationship between implementation intension and goal attainability shows an insignificant result. However, when further mediated by self-efficacy, it showed a significant effect between self-efficacy and goal attainability. Similarly, the third variable, tenacity, shows an insignificant result when mediated by vision. In contrast, the mediator self-efficacy shows a positive effect between tenacity and goal attainability. Conclusions - This study shows how these individual traits, when mediated with the appropriate motivational factors, resulted significantly in the attainability of academic goals. We may identify several theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, we developed a step further in the research into consumer goals and related studies. Future research could examine the effects of different learning goal types and their combinations with performance goals (e.g., learning goals first, then performance goals), different types of goal framing (approach success vs. avoid failure), the relation between goals and cognition (which, by implication, entails all of cognitive psychology), goal hierarchies, and macro goal studies with organizations of different sizes. More studies on the relationship between conscious and subconscious goals would also be valuable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2017

The poor maintenance practice increases the possibility of system failure. Subsequently, the consequences of failure fall on the aspects of output, safety and healthy, environmental integrity, system quality, and customer satisfaction. Conditionbased maintenance is seen as a potential strategy to improve performance. Whereby, the key success factor of this maintenance strategy is identified as the system inspection. This study aims to investigate the association between system breakdown rate and frequency of inspection. A mixed method approach is implemented by distributing questionnaire and interviewing for data collection. Subsequently, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and regression are adopted to analyse the collected data from 100 respondents and the results are validated with interview data of 10 interviewees. The research result establishes significant relationship between the system breakdown rate and the frequency of inspection. Additionally, the result of regression analysis confirms that the frequency of inspection is the significant predictor of system breakdown rate. Planning of accurate inspection frequency is crucial to secure the system performance. Hence, the research signifies the importance to carry out regular inspection towards the building systems and components. As a recommendation, the maintenance personnel should assess the risk criticality of the building systems. Then, continuously monitor the condition of critical building systems; regularly inspect the condition of non-critical building systems and randomly inspect all of them.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.465-476
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• 2011

In current endodontic practice, introduction of operating microscope, ultrasonic instruments, and microinstruments has induced a big change in the field of surgical retreatment. In this study, we aimed to offer key steps of endodontic microsurgery procedure compared with traditional root-end surgery, and to evaluate factors influencing success and failure based on published articles. Endodontic microsurgery is a surgical procedure performed with the aid of a microscope, ultrasonic instruments and modern microsurgical instruments. The microscope provides magnification and illumination - essential for identifying minute details of the apical anatomy. Ultrasonic instruments facilitate the precise root-end preparation that is within the anatomical space of the canal. Modern endodontics can therefore be performed with precision and predictability, thus eliminating the disadvantages inherent in traditional periapical surgery such as large osteotomy, beveled apicoectomy, inaccurate root-end preparation and the inability to observe isthmus. Factors influencing the outcomes of endodontic microsurgery may be diverse, but standardization of procedures can minimize its range. Among patient and tooth-related factors, periodontal status and tooth position are known to be prognostic, but there are only few articles concerning this matter. High-evidence randomized clinical trials or prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-272
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• 2011

Because of operating and ordering vessels over 10,000 TEU, the strategic alliance between liner shipping companies will be diversified and activated more briskly to secure cargo quantities, minimize costs, secure profits, improve service quality and manage stable business. Many of prior studies concerning strategic alliance are carried out to clarify success factors, motives or to explain how to select a good partner for success. But over 70% of strategic alliance has been resulted in failure. Because failures of strategic alliance occur much more frequently than success, negative effect factors in strategic alliance have to be measured and be adapted to changing conditions in the shipping market. To improve negative effect factors, shipping companies should make an effort to establish reliable relationships between partners and suppress claims by clearing off imprecise contract terms. And it is necessary to increase satisfaction of each individuals and minimize complexity occurred due to the exterior relationships for the successful strategic alliance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the association of smoking cessation attempts and the perceived stress level and to identify the factors affecting the perceived stress level of quit smoking. The study utilized the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and was applied an Ordinal Logistic Regression to examine the association of smoking cessation attempts and perceived stress level. The current smoker those who experience failure in smoking cessation, were more stressful than those who experience success in smoking cessation (OR=1.72, CI;1.41-2.08). This study identified smoking cessation failure as a major psychiatric factor associated with high perceived stress level, and suggests high stress after smoking cessation failure as one of the reasons why smokers do not reach complete smoking cessation. Also, in order to promote smoking cessation, it is needed to have political approach in reducing the psychiatric hurdle like high stress after smoking cessation failure.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.341-348
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• 2013

The present study aims to analyze kickers' strategic actions for finishing in penalty shoot-outs among youth soccer players ultimately to increase success rates of shoot-outs and to score a victory. Subjects were experienced 271 soccer players attending high schools located around the capital area. To determine any difference in strategic actions for finishing in penalty shoot-outs among the subjects, frequency analysis or chi-square was used for the analysis. The analysis found the following points: First, the success or failure rates of kickers in penalty shoot-outs were found to depend on subjects' experiences as soccer players. Second, in terms of kickers' shooting qualities, they were found to shoot on goal regardless of shooting positions. Third, an important factor to enhance the shoot-outs probability was found to be a strategic action through the eyes. Fourth, in view of the strategic actions prior to kickers' shooting, goalies were found to check out kickers' positions first and estimate the directions and qualities of shooting via kickers' body actions and eye lines.