• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.579-587
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• 2012

Shin-gumho station in Seoul underground subway have been selected to be experimentally investigated and analyzed for the real air supply & exhaust capacity compared to the original capacity of ordinary and emergency condition. The depth of Shin-gumho station is 43.6m which consists of the island-type platform ($8^{th}$ floor in underground) and a two-story lobby (first & second floor in underground). An emergency staircase connects between the platform and the lobby. Hot-wire anemometer, capture hood, wind vane & velocity meter and data acquisition systems are employed to perform the automatic measurement in this experiment. For ordinary case, air supply and exhaust capacity in the lobby were reduced by 34% and 46% compared to the original capacity, respectively. Air supply and exhaust capacity in the platform were reduced by 66% and 38%, respectively. For emergency case, air supply in the lobby was reduced by 42% and air exhaust in the platform was reduced by 28% compared to the original capacity. Therefore, air pollution in the station is expected to be worse in the ordinary environment and smoke control capability in the platform will be weakened in case of fire emergency.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.485-496
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• 2018

In this paper, the smoke behavior in an underground station on operation of the fans in the ventiliation of the station was measured by the experimental method when the fire occurred in the underground station platform where the platfrom screen door was installed. The ventilation characteristics were compared when the ventilation system was operated and when the ventilation system was not operated when a fire occurred at the platform where the clean door was closed. To simulate the fire smoke, the smoke generated from the smoke generator was heated using a hot air fan. The transmittance was measured using a smoke density meter to quantitatively measure fire smoke. If the screen door is closed and the ventilation system of the underground station does not work, it is confirmed that if a fire occurs in the platform, smoke accumulates inside the platform, evacuating passengers is very difficult and can lead to a very dangerous situation. On the other hand, under the condition that the ventilation facility of the subway station is operated, the smoke evacuates to the outside through the ventilation facility of the underground station, and airflow is formed in the direction from the waiting room to the waiting area, so that the passenger located on the platform can safely evacuate toward the concourse. In the following paper, we will discuss the concurrent effect of tunnel ventilation through tunnel vent near the platform.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 2016

The PSD (Platform Screen Door System) has been installed to enhance the passengers' safety. A total of 592 stations operate the PSD system, which is almost 71.8% of all stations in South Korea. This study compared the opening rate between the PSD and train door, and calculated the exact amount of passengers at peak time. In addition, the evacuation time was simulated by Pathfinder 2015 with the exact input data. Some of the high density stations have extremely high dangerous points about the passengers' evacuation at some situations by the PSD door opening rate. In particular, due to the interference of a fixed door, when it stops at 7 m less than the regular position, its opening rate becomes less than half of the normal state. To solve this problem, it should be made possible to open the fixed door by changing it to an emergency door or improving the PSD module system.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.136-141
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• 2009

The platform screen door(PSD) is installed in the station of the Seoul Metro 9th line for passengers' safety and comfortable environment of the station. The track way exhaust system(TES) is also operated with PSD to exhaust heat released from train. TES can also be used for the purpose of the heat and smoke control in an emergency case of the carriage fire. When the fire is occurred, operation of TES is switched to the smoke exhaust mode form its normal ventilation mode. In the present study, a subway station of Seoul Metro 9th line is modeled, and a 3-D CFD simulation is performed to investigate effectiveness of designed TES in case of fire. A scenario that a train under fire is arriving the station is simulated for several possible operation modes of the TES using moving mesh technique. As a result, temperature and CO concentration distribution in the station is obtained for each operation modes of TES. The effectiveness of TES operation in case of fire is also discussed.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1 s.57
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• pp.80-86
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• 2005

In this study effects of the natural wind and the forced smoke ejection by operating the exhaust fan are studied numerically to examine the flow characteristics of the smoke and heat generated from a fire on the platform of an underground subway station. Three different situations, including 1) the case with no natural wind and no exhaust fan operation, 2) the case with natural wind but no exhaust fan operation and 3) the case with no natural wind but exhaust fan operation, are considered for the numerical analyses. The numerical results show that the natural wind causes a rapid spread of the fire along the tunnel resulting in rapid spread of the smoke and heat over the platform which affects the escape. The operation of the exhaust fan also results in the rapid spread of smoke and heat over the platform, but the time required for reaching the safe escaping height of the smoke layer with the exhaust fan operation is much longer than that without the exhaust fan operation. The numerical results also show that the required capacity of the exhaust fan becomes larger when the effect of the natural wind is included.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.941-946
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• 2006

It followed in system development and SMRT(Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Co)System reached to an automatic train operation(ATO) and driverless operation(DLM) from the manual operation due to the train driver. The train like the general bus or the car vehicle was not serial riding in a car and the Parallel concept which the numerous passenger rides in a car simultaneously occur frequently the charge of the train driver unmanned bitterly from existing manual handling was a possibility of doing, train open door control(ODM) which bites also ATO, it handles it minimized. Like this ATO/DLM, the control system which bites being a Wayside to Train communication for immediacy, it is a system of the Vital concept the immediacy of the citizen Data evil the radio information transmission and the train of the interface which is accurate from unmanned operation and, will decipher, will accomplish it will guarantee. It respects the passenger accident prevention and an air question environment improvement from subway platform and phul leys the screen door of Platform(PSD) with the fire tube frost it refers and part it treats and to sleep it does, ODM which bites is accuracy and immediacy of altitude and when seeing from the viewpoint which demands the trust of altitude, ODM system the trust of car incest interface in the equipment construction which is safe and the comparative analysis back of the system analysis against the control which bites and case study and other subway system it leads from the research which it sees and signal - train in base grudge to sleep it contributes it does.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1809-1815
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• 2008

This experiment simulated the fire driven flow of an underground station through parallel processing method. Fire analysis program FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulation), using LES(Large Eddy Simulation), has been used and a 6-node parallel cluster, each node with 3.0Ghz_2set installed, has been used for parallel computation. Simulation model was based on the Kwangju-geumnan subway station. Underground station, and the total time for simulation was set at 600s. First, the whole underground passage was divided to 1-Mesh and 8-Mesh in order to compare the parallel computation of a single CPU and Multi-CPU. With matrix numbers($15{\times}10^6$) more than what a single CPU can handle, fire driven flow from the center of the platform and the subway itself was analyzed. As a result, there seemed to be almost no difference between the single CPU's result and the Multi-CPU's ones. $3{\times}10^6$ grid point one employed to test the computing time with 2CPU and 7CPU computation were computable two times and fire times faster than 1CPU respectively. In this study it was confirmed that CPU could be overcome by using parallel computation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1807-1813
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• 2007

The study aims at analyzing an underground station refuge model using EXODUS, one of the refuge simulation programs. The model for simulation is the Daegu Subway (Joongang-ro station). The details of the accident are referred to as the simulation condition the refuge time of traveling from the $3^{rd}$ basement platform to the $1^{st}$ basement is mainly calculated, with passengers numbering 1,000 including 329 at car 1079, 320 at car 1080, and 360 who are not on board. Reference data is used to set up the position of passengers. CFAST fire simulator is also used, and a fast curve among the $t^2$ growth curves, selected as fire growth scenario. The zone is divided into a total of 24 including 18 at the $3^{rd}$ basement platform and 6 at the $2^{nd}$ basement the $1^{st}$ basement is excluded in the fire simulation, however.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3220-3226
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• 2011

In order to monitor internal risk factors such as fire, terror, etc. on the subway station, the surveillance systems using CCTV and various kinds of sensors have been implemented and recently, introduction of surveillance systems using an advanced IT technology, sensor network technology is tried on several areas. Since 2007, Korean government has made an effort to develop the intelligent surveillance and monitoring system, which can monitor fire, intrusion, passenger congestion, health-state of structure, etc., by using wireless sensor network technology and intelligent video analytic technique. For that purpose, this study carried out field wireless communication environment test on Chungmuro Station of Seoul Metro on the basis of ZigBee that is considered as a representative wireless sensor network before field application of the intelligent integrated surveillance system being developed, arranged and analyzed and ZigBee based wireless communication environment test results on the platform and waiting room of Chungmuro Station on this paper. Results of wireless spectrum analysis on the platform and waiting room showed that there is no radio frequency overlapped with that of ZigBee based sensor network and no frequency interference with adjacent frequencies separated 10MHz or more. As results of wireless data transmission test using ZigBee showed that data transmission is influenced by multi-path fading effect from the number and flow rate of passengers on the platform or the waiting room rather than effects from entrance and exit of the train to/from the platform, it should be considered when implementing the intelligent integrated surveillance system on the station.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2008

After the incendiary fire accident at Daegu subway, discussion of PSD installation started to prevent accident from fall. safety accident and big accident. Following these paradigm, the purpose of the study is to analyze the present condition of current installation of PSD in our country and suggest an improvement scheme for the future PSD operation extension. Using the SWOT analysis and we analyze the inner and outer capability of PSD installation. We try to find a counter plan strategy for PSD installation improvement scheme through the analysis.