• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.14-23
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• 2008

Today the Seoul metro has become the most important public transportation since opening in 1974. However, planning and design of stations, transfer systems and facilities are discorded by different companies and subway lines. Therefore, there is lack of objective design guidelines to secure legibility and safety in subway space. In this context, we aim to investigate the objective design and planing guidelines in terms of people's cognition and space use pattern. Space syntax method which enables scientific analysis is utilized to examine spatial layout considering passenger's spatial behavior. The research resulted in providing objective design and planning standards.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.163-165
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• 2006

The subway passengers are usually alert to the current location of the train in order not to miss the destination or transfer stations. The Global Positioning System (GPS), although expensive, can give an alarm if properly programmed, but cannot receive the satellite signals, underground. Therefore, a novel approach to context-aware location-based subway information system is motivated. The passengers, who are equipped with mobile devices such as laptop, PDA, and mobile phone as clients of the Personal Area Network (PAN), request the Bluetooth connection to the server which is installed in each car of the train. While the sorrel broadcasts the location-based information including the previous station, the current velocity of the train, the distance and time to the next station, the clients provide additional services based on the recognized context of the information, and what the passengers individually want. The services are spontaneous and autonomous rather than passive. The services include not only the information on the nearby stations, exit numbers, connection buses but also the location-based alarms which can be set specific to various personal requests, and sounded by the location of the train rather than time. Whereas the arrival time may not be accurate due to the delays of the train, the location can be accurately traced and broadcast by the server. Also, the clients do not need any expensive systems like GFS. Towards validating the proposed approach, we implemented a Bluetooth PAN including a PC server, two PDA clients and a laptop client. We modeled a train on the Incheon Subway Line #1 and a train on the Seoul-to-Incheon Line on the server, simulated the virtual trains together with the real clients. and verified that all the services were successfully provided.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.289-295
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• 2016

Subway is a future-oriented means of transportation that can be safely and quickly mass transport many passengers than buses and taxis. Congestion growth due to the increase of the metro users is one of the factors that hinder citizens' rights to comfortably use the subway. Accordingly, congestion prediction in the subway is one of the ways to maximize the use of passenger convenience and comfort. In this paper, we monitor the level of congestion in real time via the existing congestion on the metro using multiple regression analysis and big data processing, as well as their departure station and arrival station information More information about the transfer stations offer a personalized congestion prediction system. The accuracy of the predicted congestion shows about 81% accuracy, which is compared to the real congestion. In this paper, the proposed prediction and recommendation application will be a help to prediction of subway congestion and user convenience.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1308-1317
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• 2009

The mass transit networks in Korea, such as buses, metro and subway, are co-related and the number of transfer points, in which a lot of pedestrian movement is generated, are rising. The functions of the transfer centers, in which several travel modes cross at a point, have to include convenience and comfort for pedestrians using the transfer centers, and such functions can make transit a more attractive travel option and thus eventually contribute to increases in ridership. However, the guidelines for station layouts and their assessments in transfer stations are not suggested so far. So the pedestrian pattern data (pedestrian walking distances and times, pedestrian approaching distances and times, pedestrian walking paths in the inside of stations) was collected and analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the ways to measure the quality of comfort for those who using transfer facilities were suggested using the times that pedestrians consume to transfer from a travel mode to another. The walking time of pedestrians at the inside of stations was also measured by pre-selected pedestrian pathways as the guidelines for station layout assessment in transfer facilities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.64-79
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• 2023

This study reviewed the process of applying the Monte Carlo simulation technique to the traffic allocation problem of metropolitan subways. The analysis applied the assumption of a normal distribution in which the travel time information of the inter-station sample is the basis of the probit model. From this, the average and standard deviation are calculated by separating the traffic between stations. A plan was proposed to apply the simulation with the weights of the in-vehicle time of individual links and the walking and dispatch interval of transfer. Long-distance traffic with a low number of samples of 50 or fewer was evaluated as a way to analyze the characteristics of similar traffic. The research results were reviewed in two directions by applying them to the Seoul Metropolitan Subway Network. The travel time between single stations on the Seolleung-Seongsu route was verified by applying random sampling to the in-vehicle time and transfer time. The assumption of a normal distribution was accepted for sample sizes of more than 50 stations according to the inter-station traffic sample of the entire Seoul Metropolitan Subway. For long-distance traffic with samples numbering less than 50, the minimum distance between stations was 122Km. Therefore, it was judged that the sample deviation equality was achieved and the inter-station mean and standard deviation of the transport card data for stations at this distance could be applied.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.100-111
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• 2019

The existing selected station analysis (SSA) method analyzes the link transfer mode data between origin and destination of individuals passing through stations from a microscopic standpoint. As such, existing SSA is insufficient as it uses integrated analysis using macroscopic data such as subway lines. This research builds a line chain OD based on path search of individual passenger's movement through the subway, and explores means to utilize the findings. First, a method is proposed that searches the traversed subway path from the linked passage modes that the passenger uses and applies the results to SSA line analysis. Compared to the existing SSA, this method provides for analysis of commonly conflicting features such as the line on which the station is passed, and the stations included on the line thanks to the presence of complete information of the individual passenger's traversed path. It also allows for integrated observation of the line chain OD that approaches a certain station. For enhanced understanding, Seoul Metro Line 9 is used as a case study to demonstrate the integrated formulation concept of line chain OD centered around a certain station as well as the macroscopic features of the traversed path that approaches stations included on the line.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Subway systems have been a proved method of public transport and are widely used in major cities around the world. However, the time and cost it takes to construct such systems are very high, as it requires underground tunnels. Cities in various countries have implemented monorail systems as public railway transport as it can be more economical and quicker compared to subway systems in terms of construction. In addition, it provides more convenience towards the public as it is not affected to traffic, and also provides an aerial view of the city. However, the overall construction cost for monorail systems is still significantly high, and as a possible solution to further reduce the overall cost, implementation of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer technology has been proposed in this paper. A concept application layout of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer systems has been discussed, using the Daegu monorail Line 3 system as a simulation base. The expected cost for monorail systems implementing ground-level stations and/or wireless power transfer technology has been estimated based on literature survey, and was compared with the current construction cost of Daegu monorail system. Based on comparison, it has shown that implementation of ground-level stations are the most economical, and can be easily implemented for either starting or expanding the monorail line. Implementation of wireless power transfer technology is also economical, but is more feasible when starting a new monorail line as it requires components which will alter the configuration of the train and infrastructure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.469-476
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• 2008

Recently, TOD gains popularity as a traffic solution measure of high density urban regeneration projects. The purpose of this study is to investigate traffic impacts of high density TOD projects, and to identify the issues to be resolved. For a case study, it chooses Gangnamgucheong station in Gangnam area served by two subway lines, and designates 400m radius from the station as a site for high-density development. The MOEs chosen for this study is traffic volume, time, distance, speed, and mode share. The SECOM model is adopted for traffic simulation. The analysis results show that high-density TOD is an effective tool for traffic improvement even with only one station area being implemented. It is found that the traffic volume increases near the station in nature where high-density development occurs, but it declines overall in the rest of Gangam area. The total travel time and distance of passenger vehicles decline, meaning that the traffic condition becomes better than before. With regulation on parking supply, the improvement becomes more vivid. In terms of the changes of traffic speed, both alternatives show 4.1% increase in speed, but the difference between alternatives is not quite noticeable because of the induced vehicle demand driven to the streets with improved traffic condition. The mode share changes occur for the benefit of subway ridership, because the study station is equipped with two subway line services. When mixed with parking supply restriction, the impact becomes clearer.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2020

The transfer time is an important factor in establishing public transportation planning and policy. Therefore, in this study, the influencing factors of the transfer time for transit users were identified using smart card data, and the estimation results for the transfer time using the deep learning method such as deep neural network models were compared with traditional regression models. First, the intervals and the distance to the bus stop had positive effects on the subway-to-bus transfer time, and the number of bus routes had a negative effect. This also showed that the transfer time is affected by the area in which the subway station exists. Based on the influencing factors of the transfer time, the deep learning models were developed and their estimation results were compared with the regression model. For model performance, the deep learning models were better than those of the regression models. These results can be used as basic data for transfer policies such as the differential application of transit allowance times according to region.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2017

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of "Ecute" of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) that planned the world's first large scale commercial facilities inside a ticket gate (paid-area including waiting room and platforms), the present study proposes a brand development of commercial facilities inside aged railway stations, where only basic railway business have been provided focusing on passenger transportation, by renewing the definition of railway commercial facilities and presenting a detailed planning and the direction of the operation system. A list of practical tasks that can be carried out in academia, planning and operation / management to facilitate the revitalization of the use of commercial facilities inside railway stations are as follows: 1) the setting of a wide scope for the revitalization of railway commercial facilities around the railway station focusing on private-funded stations in addition to existing stations; a setup of the direct scope of commercial development in the practical railway operation for passengers and stations in terms of external research, and a corresponding shift in thinking in terms of internal research 2) development of under used spaces such as the transfer area (Gongdeok Seoul Wangsimri Station are first target stations where more than four subway lines intersect) 3) brand establishment through improvement strategies for image and symbolism specialized for railway stations 4) rent of suitable business stores and layout of commercial facilities by analysis of passenger move pattern 5) development of commercial facilities which can attract customers by displaying various products, as well as finding a way to develop them in to a base facility that connects to local infrastructures 6) providing advertisement and management system for continual maintenance, and 7) brand specialization through unique storytelling and design plan that stimulates sensibility. The above study results can be utilized as a starting point for design brand awareness about commercial facilities in railway stations in Korea, which can be developed further to improve station image and passenger convenience, as well as to increase the revenue of railway businesses.