• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the microbial characteristics of the urban air pollution in the subway stations, streets, department stores, wholesale markets, underground shopping centers, buildings, parks, houses and apartments in the Seoul and the suburbs area. Total cell count, total mold count and the presence of opportunistic pathogens(Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp.) were evaluated determine the microbial air quality. Total cell count and mold count of indoor air in the houses and apartments were 2.9$\times$10$^2$-6.3$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥ and 60-1.8$\times$10$^2$cfu/㎥, respectively, and the department stores and wholesale markets had much lower cell count than the houses and apartments. Ground level of commercial stations were 2.6 fold higher than the general subway stations, and Apergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. which could cause the bronchus and lung diseases were detected 17 sampling site out of 45. Dust were collected from the commercial facilities and houses, and total cell and mold count of the dust were 4.3$\times$10$^3$-1.7$\times$10$^{6}$ cfu/g and 2.3$\times$10$^3$-6.5 $\times$10$^4$cfu/g, respectively. Therefore the dust might be one of the main reservoir of microorganims.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2009년도 정보 및 제어 심포지움 논문집
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• pp.48-50
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• 2009

This paper presents an IAQ(Indoor Air Quality) Monitoring System using equipments for measurement of fine Particle($PM1{\sim}PM10$), $CO_2$, VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds), temperature and humidity for IAQ monitoring of subway station which millions of people use a day. The necessity of IAQ monitoring system is getting increased for more effective subway station monitoring in line with the recent government's regulation for IAQ is reinforcing. Subway Station is an unusual case. The structure of subway station is closed and complicated. Therefore when data of equipments are transferred, transmission error can happen occasionally. To prevent transmission error, an IAQ Monitoring System is needed the appropriate position and selection of equipments or sensor module. In addition IT(Information Technology) can be utilized like "WiBro(Wireless Broadband)" and "GateWay" for facilitate movement of data and construction of IAQ monitoring system of subway station.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1168-1173
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• 2007

The Seoul Subway is one of the most heavily used Subway System in the world. It provides reliable transportation services, conveys nearly 4 million Passengers across 117 subway stations with a length of 134.9 Km. Over the years the safety for the Subway has been a major concern, trains going off the track, equipment failure, careless operation, Signal failure are increasing day by day. In a Recent Public opinion 40% said the causes to above facts are Vehicle breakdown because of Operators, Old rail defect, Quality of material. 20% of the opinion said the obstacles were because of Operation, crew carelessness, negligence in signal operation. In case of any accident the crew members cannot resolve the issue on site (Aid insufficiency), because of lack of knowledge and carelessness. The main obstacles for Subway are vehicle breakdown, Electric equipment failure, Signal Equipment failure, and Crew carelessness. This paper aims to provide major problems which are needed to be solved as quickly as possible for citizen's safety for a comfortable subway system making a comfortable ride and providing better service gradually.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.976-980
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• 2008

Ventilation equipment performs a cental role to maintain comfort subway environment. So ventilation equipment of Busan subway first line is needed to improvement thermal environment. In this study, condition of thermal environment is presented to improve ventilation equipment at existing subway station platforms by measuring thermal environment of platforms operated ventilation equipment at 14 stations of Busan subway first line. AWS of data in comparison with the neighbouring platforms and thermal environment analysis.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2022

본 연구에서 우리는 PHM 기반 공조설비의 연쇄 고장 패턴을 학습하여 미세먼지의 상태를 조절할 수 있는 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 공조설비의 고장으로 인한 공조설비 가동중단과 이로 인한 미세먼지의 확산은 불가피하다. 우리가 개발한 알고리즘은 PHM을 통한 미세먼지 관리 체계를 수립하는 것으로써 공조기 정지/가동 패턴학습을 통하여 일정하게 안정화 상태를 유지하고 이를 기반으로 미세먼지를 관리하는 알고리즘이다. 알고리즘의 성능을 평가하기 위해 지하철 역 내에서 시뮬레이션 한 결과, 미세먼지의 농도가 평균 30% 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 지하철 이용 승객이 많은 역의 경우 미세먼지 농도가 환경부 기준(100㎍/m³)을 초과하였지만, 시뮬레이션을 실시한 모든 역에서 미세먼지 농도가 개선되었음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 연구로는 지하철 역사 내의 미세먼지 뿐만아니라 CO₂, CO, NO₂ 등 오염물질을 종합적으로 관리할 수 있도록 시스템을 확장하는 것이다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.381-395
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• 2024

With the wide application of urban subway tunnels, the foundation pits of new stations and existing subway tunnels are becoming increasingly close, and even zero-distance close-fitting construction has taken place. To optimize the construction support scheme, the existing tunnel's vertical displacement is theoretically analyzed using the two-stage analysis method to understand the action mechanism of the construction of zero-distance deep large foundation pits on both sides of the existing stations; a three-dimensional numerical calculation is also performed for further analysis. First, the additional stress field on the existing tunnel caused by the unloading of zero-distance foundation pits on both sides of the tunnel is derived based on the Mindlin stress solution of a semi-infinite elastic body under internal load. Then, considering the existing subway tunnel's joints, shear stiffness, and shear soil deformation effect, the tunnel is regarded as a Timoshenko beam placed on the Kerr foundation; a sixth-order differential control equation of the tunnel under the action of additional stress is subsequently established for solving the vertical displacement of the tunnel. These theoretical calculation results are then compared with the numerical simulation results and monitoring data. Finally, an optimized foundation pit support scheme is obtained considering the pit corner effect and external corner failure mode. The research shows a high consistency between the monitoring data,analytical and numerical solution, and the closer the tunnel is to the foundation pit, the more uplift deformation will occur. The internal corner of the foundation pit can restrain the deformation of the tunnel and the retaining structure, while the external corner can cause local stress concentration on the diaphragm wall. The proposed optimization scheme can effectively reduce construction costs while meeting the safety requirements of foundation pit support structures.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Subway systems have been a proved method of public transport and are widely used in major cities around the world. However, the time and cost it takes to construct such systems are very high, as it requires underground tunnels. Cities in various countries have implemented monorail systems as public railway transport as it can be more economical and quicker compared to subway systems in terms of construction. In addition, it provides more convenience towards the public as it is not affected to traffic, and also provides an aerial view of the city. However, the overall construction cost for monorail systems is still significantly high, and as a possible solution to further reduce the overall cost, implementation of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer technology has been proposed in this paper. A concept application layout of ground-level stations and wireless power transfer systems has been discussed, using the Daegu monorail Line 3 system as a simulation base. The expected cost for monorail systems implementing ground-level stations and/or wireless power transfer technology has been estimated based on literature survey, and was compared with the current construction cost of Daegu monorail system. Based on comparison, it has shown that implementation of ground-level stations are the most economical, and can be easily implemented for either starting or expanding the monorail line. Implementation of wireless power transfer technology is also economical, but is more feasible when starting a new monorail line as it requires components which will alter the configuration of the train and infrastructure.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2020

서울시 지하철 객실에 설치된 안내전광판은 현재 한국어·영어·중국어·일본어 4개 국어로 역사와 전동차 내 설치된 LCD 모니터를 통해 주요 정보나 운행정보를 알리는 안내방송을 실시하고 있다. 하지만, 지하철 객차 안내 화면이 운행 정보보다 광고를 더 비중 있게 표시하는 탓에 이용자들이 혼란을 겪고 있다. 연구 방법으로는 현재 서울 지하철에 설치된 안내전광판의 현황과 문제점을 파악하고 개선된 새로운 안내전광판 시안을 제시해 서울시 지하철을 주로 이용하는 이용객 10대부터 60대까지 67명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 탑승한 노선마다 화면 디자인이 달라 필요한 정보만을 제공하는 안내전광판 통일이 필요하다. 특히 이용객이 각지에서 이동하기 위해 지하철을 여러 번 환승하므로 안내전광판 디자인은 광고전광판이 아닌 긴급 재난안내나 승하차 정보의 기능을 해야 한다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.479-492
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 수도권을 대상으로 권역별 특성이 인구이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 연구방법: 이를 위해 수도권의 66개 기초지자체는 2010~2016년 인구이동자료 분석을 통해 3개의 권역으로 구분하고, 단계적 회귀분석기법을 적용하여 권역 내부의 인구이동 결정요인과 권역 간 인구이동 결정요인을 파악하였다. 연구결과: 주요 분석결과로 수도권 전 지역에서의 인구이동에서는 지역의 아파트 수 증가율, 단독·다세대주택 증가율, 고용자 수 증가율, 제조업체 증가율, 지식·문화·여가산업 증가율, GRDP증가율, 지하철역 신규개통이 중요하다는 것이 확인되었다. 특히 아파트 수 증가율, 지식·문화·여가산업 증가율, GRDP 증가율, 지하철 역 신규개통은 인구유입을 늘리는데 긍정적으로 작용하였다. 결론: 권역별로 지식·문화·여가산업 증가율이 1권역의 인구유입에 크게 기여했으며, 2권역에서는 지하철역 신규개통과 GRDP증가율이 주요 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 아파트 수 증가율과 지하철역 증가율은 3권역에서 주요 요인으로 작용하였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 1998

The radon (Rn-222) potential of metropolitan subway stations and soils in Seoul city were delineated using alpha-track filter and EDA-200 radon detectors, respectively. The uranium (U) and thorium (Th) contents were also determined using a Multi Channel Analyzer to identify the sources of radon gas. The average U concentrations in Seoul varies according to basement rock types. For example, there is $9.40{\pm}10.11ppm$ in the Precambrian metasedimentary rock (PM), $9.08{\pm}2.85ppm$ in the Jurassic Kwanaksan granite (JK) and $4.94{\pm}1.43ppm$ in the Jurassic Seoul granite (JS). Uranium contents in soil samples are $10.30{\pm}4.74ppm$ in JK, $10.10{\pm}7.43ppm$ in PM and $6.69{\pm}3.95ppm$ in JS and these closely reflect the content of uraniferous minerals. The levels of soil radon are $604{\pm}273pCi/L$ in JK, $502{\pm}275$ in JS and $262{\pm}211pCi/L$ in PM. The soil radon concentrations are shown to reflect soil permeability and porosity rather than their U contents. The mean indoor radon contents in subway stations are $1.50{\pm}0.62pCi/L$ on the 4th line, $1.41{\pm}0.95pCi/L$ on the 3rd line, $0.84{\pm}0.13pCi/L$ on the 1st line and $0.80{\pm}0.25pCi/L$ on the 2nd line. The subway stations located in the JK have the highest average radon concentration with $2.04{\pm}0.65pCi/L$, where levels of $1.57{\pm}0.81pCi/L$ occur in the JS and $0.80{\pm}0.23pCi/L$ in the PM. The highest radon levels of 4.1 pCi/L occur mainly in Keongbokkung station on the 3rd line and these exceed 4 pCi/L of the US EPA action level.