• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.453-466
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify alveolar bone morphology, demonstrate the relationship between tooth angulation and alveolar bone thickness, and introduce a new classification for anterior mandibular teeth related to immediate implant placement (IIP). Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 211 anterior mandibular teeth were analyzed in sagittal slices to measure the thickness of the facial alveolar bone crest (FAB1) and apex (FAB2), and the lingual alveolar bone crest (LAB1) and apex (LAB2). Tooth angulation was classified as 1°-10°, 11°-20°, and >20° according to the tooth's long axis and alveolar bone wall. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to evaluate correlations between the variables. Results: FAB1 and LAB1 were predominantly thin (<1 mm) (84.4% and 73.4%, respectively), with the lateral incisors being thinnest. At the apical level, FAB2 and LAB2 were thick in 99.5% and 99.1% of cases, respectively. Significant differences were documented in FAB2 (P=0.004), LAB1 (P=0.001), and LAB2 (P=0.001) of all mandibular teeth. At all apical levels of the inspected teeth, a significant negative correlation existed between TA and FAB2. Meanwhile, TA showed a significant positive correlation with LAB2 of the lateral incisors and canines. These patterns were then divided into class I (thick facial and lingual alveolar bone), class II (facially inclined teeth) with subtype A (1°-10°) and subtype B (11°-20°), and class III (lingually inclined teeth) with subtype A (1°-10°) and subtype B (11°-20°). Conclusions: Mandibular anterior teeth have predominantly thin facial and lingual crests, making the lingual bone apical thickness crucial for IIP. Although anchorage can be obtained from lingual bone, tooth angulation and tooth types had an impact on IIP planning. Hence, the new classification based on TA and alveolar bone wall may enable rational clinical planning for IIP treatment.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.121-125
• /
• 2011

배경 : B형간염표면항원(HBsAg)은 B형간염의 진단에 있어 가장 중요한 혈청학적 지표 중 하나이다. HBsAg 검사에 대한임상검사실의 수요에 맞추어 자동화 장비 및 검사법이 계속 개발되어 왔다. 본 연구는 국내에 보급된 RIAKEY, BNIBT, RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg, ROCHE 키트의 민감도 및 변이형 검출능과 CLIA법의 CENTAUR 장비와 RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg의 상관계수를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : WHO $1^{st}$ International Standard 1985(80/549), WHO $2^{nd}$ International Standard 2003 (00/588) 표준물질 2개를 이용하여 농도별 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005 IU/ml 까지 계단희석을 시행하였으며, Subtype ad 9종, Subtype ay 변이시료 1종을 이용하여 RIAKEY, BNIBT, RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg, ROCHE 키트를 이용하여 시행하였다. 그리고, 아형 검출에 사용된 변이시료 10종에 대한 IRMA법의 RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg와 CLIA법의 CENTAUR 장비를 이용한 상관계수를 비교하였다. 결과 : 표준물질의 농도별 측정 시 WHO 0.01 PANEL 에서 Index 1.0 이상의 결과 값을 얻었으며, 그 결과 민감도는 0.01 IU/ml로 측정되었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitve HBsAg 키트가 민감도측면에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitve HBsAg IRMA 키트에서는 adw2 9종과 ayw1 1종의 변이형 형태에 따라 모두 Index 1.0 이상으로 혈청중의 HBsAg을 100% 측정할수 있었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitive HBsAg와 CLIA의 결과가 Y=1.0075 X + 1.2434, $R^2$=0.9982으로 우수한 상관성을 보였다. 결론 : 4세대인 IRMA법의 Ultra Sensitive HBsAg 키트로 혈청중의 HBsAg과 여러 가지 아형을 신속하고 정확히 측정하여 질병을 진단 할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.383-403
• /
• 1999

흰쥐 성체 전뇌 기저부의 수직 및 수평 대각 Broca대에서 각 형별 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포의 조직학적 및 미세구조적 특징을 면역조직화학 및 전자현미경을 이용한 면역세포화학적 방법으로 조사하였다. ChAT 면역반응 신경세포에서 광학현미경적 면역반응은 세포체의 세포질과 신경돌기에서 확인되었다. 아울러 미세구조적 관찰로 ChAT 면역반응은 핵외막, 조면소포체의 막, 자유리보좀 그리고 polysomes에서 나타났다. 수직 및 수평 대각 Broca대에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포는 세포의 모양과 세포체의 장 단축의 비에 따라 원형, 난형, 세장형, 방추형, 삼각형 그리고 다각형으로 분류되었다. 이 각각의 세포형들을 전자현미경을 이용하여 미세구조적으로 관찰한 결과, 세포체의 크기, 세포질에 대한 핵의 상대적 크기, 세포소기관의 종류 및 분포양상, 신경연접의 수 및 종류 등의 기준에 따라 면역반응 신경세포들은 아유형 I, II로 분류되었다. 그러나, 방추형 및 삼각형 면역반응 신경세포에서는 아유형 I만이 관찰되었다. 아유형 I 면역반응 신경세포는 핵막함입을 보이는 작은 핵과 풍부한 세포질을 포함하였다. 이들 면역반응 세포질은 평행한 긴 수조들로 규칙적인 층판을 이룬 잘 발달된 rER를 함유하였다. 1, 2개의 층판체와 nematosome들이 세포질에서 관찰되었다. 축삭-세포체 신경연접은 주로 대칭형이었으며, 축삭-수상돌기 신경연접은 대다수 비대칭형이었다. 아유형 II 면역반응 신경세포는 비교적 깊은 핵막함입을 보이는 큰 핵과 빈약한 세포질을 포함하였다. rER는 발달이 미약하였다. 축삭-세포체 신경연접은 대칭형과 비대칭형이 같은 비율로 나타났고, 축삭-수상 돌기 신경 연접은 주로 비대칭형이었다. 이상과 같은 미세구조적 관찰에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포가 방추형과 삼각형을 제외한 모든 세포형에서 아유형 I, II로 분류되는 것은 투사영역의 원근에 의한 세포 대사활성의 차이에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.5.1-5.5
• /
• 2020

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused severe respiratory disease and death in poultry and human beings. Although most of the avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are of low pathogenicity and cause mild infections in birds, some subtypes including hemagglutinin H5 and H7 subtype cause HPAI. Therefore, sensitive and accurate subtyping of AIV is important to prepare and prevent for the spread of HPAI. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can analyze the full-length sequence information of entire AIV genome at once, so this technology is becoming a more common in detecting AIVs and predicting subtypes. However, an analysis pipeline of NGS-based AIV sequencing data, including AIV subtyping, has not yet been established. Here, in order to support the pre-processing of NGS data and its interpretation, we developed a user-friendly tool, named prediction of avian influenza virus subtype (PAIVS). PAIVS has multiple functions that support the pre-processing of NGS data, reference-guided AIV subtyping, de novo assembly, variant calling and identifying the closest full-length sequences by BLAST, and provide the graphical summary to the end users.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 2011

This study aimed to evaluate factors related to the ability of ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) to walk over vertical and horizontal obstacles. Twenty patients with spastic CP who were able to walk independently for at least 10 m with or without walking devices were recruited for the study. Participants were required to walk over small obstacles (1, 4, and 8 cm in height or width; total of 6 conditions). A 'fail' was recorded when either the lower limbs or the walking device contacted the obstacle. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the effects of age, sex, walking devices, eyeglasses, subtype (hemiplegia or diplegia), ankle foot orthoses, functional level, and score of body mass index on the ability of obstacle crossing. Fifteen participants (75%) failed to adequately clear the foot or walking device over obstacles in at least 1 condition. The chance of failure in crossing vertical obstacle was affected by the use of ankle foot orthoses, eyeglasses, gender, and CP subtype (p<.05). The failure rate crossing horizontal obstacle was affected by CP subtype. These findings suggest that rehabilitation procedures should (1) consider the clinical characteristics of patients in order to prepare them to be more independent while performing daily activities, and (2) incorporate environmental conditions that patients encounter at home and in the community.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.823-828
• /
• 2000

The complete nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus DNA isolated from Korean patient serum was determined and characterized, and its phylogenetic relation was then investigated. The viral genome was 3,215 base pairs long and included four well known open reading frames (i.e. surface antigens, core antigens, X protein and DNA polymerase). The sequence of the surface antigen showed that the HBV genome under investigation, designated HBV 315, was characteristic of subtype adr. A phylogenetic analysis using the total genome sequence revealed that HBV315 was grouped into genomic group C together with isolates from Japan, China, Thailand, Polynesia, and New Caledonia. The mean percent similarity between HBV315 and other HBV isolates in genomic group C was 97.25%, and that with other genomic groups ranged from 86.16% to 91.25%. The predicted amino acid sequences of HBV315 were compared with two closely related subtype adr isolates, M38636 and D12980. The results showed that the X gene product was identical in the three strains, while there were significant amino acid sequence differences between HBV315 and M38636 in the Pre-S1 and Pre-S2 regions.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.758-762
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated the relationship between presymtoms and stroke subtype in early state of stroke patients. Methods : From Oct. 2005 to May 2007, 623 early state stroke patients were included. Patients were hospitalized within 30 days after the onset of stroke at DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital, or Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke subtype, and presymtoms (facial spasm, neck stiffness). Results : Hemorrhagic stroke had more facial spasm than ischemic stroke(odds ratio 2.80). Small vessel occlusion had more neck stiffness than others(odds ratio 1.59). Conclusions : Facial spasm and neck stiffness would be valuable as stroke presymtoms.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.1002-1008
• /
• 2007

PreS domain of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen is a good candidate for an effective vaccine as it activates both B and T cells besides binding to hepatocytes. This report deals with overexpression and purification of adr subtype of surface antigen that is more prevalent in Pakistan. PreS region, comprising 119 aa preS1 region plus a 55 aa preS2 region plus 11 aa from the N-terminal S region, was inserted in pET21a+ vector, cloned in E. coli $DH5\alpha$ cells and expressed in E. coli BL21 codon+ cells. The conditions for over expression were optimized using different concentrations of IPTG (0.01-5 mM), and incubating the cells at different temperatures (23-$41^{\circ}C$) for different durations (0-6 h). The cells were grown under the given optimized conditions (0.5 mM IPTG concentration at $37^{\circ}C$ for 4 h), lysed by sonication and the protein was purified by ion exchange chromatography. On the average, 24.5 mg of recombinant protein was purified per liter of culture. The purified protein was later lyophilized and stored at $-80^{\circ}C$.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The goal of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of panic disorder respiratory subtype(PD-R) and non-respiratory subtype(PD-NR). Methods : 84 patients with panic disorder were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, 29 PD-R and 55 PD-NR. Diagnosis of panic disorder was evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders $4^{th}$ edition and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were also measured with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). Results : PD-R group showed significantly higher scores in PDSS than those of PD-NR group(p=.027). After controlling for the severity of panic disorder and gender, PD-R group showed higher HAM-D and somatic anxiety subscale of HAM-A than those of PD-NR group. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analysis suggested that the somatic anxiety was a possible risk factor of PD-R(OR=1.404,p=0.009). Conclusion : These results suggest that somatic anxiety and depressive symptom would be important clinical characteristics of PD-R.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.459-462
• /
• 2012

Expression of estrogen-receptor (ER), progesterone-receptor (PR) and HER-2 has recently been linked with various breast cancer subtypes identified by gene microarray. This study aimed to document breast cancer subtypes based on ER, PR and HER-2 status in Thai women, where expression of these subtypes may not be similar to those evident in Western women. During 2009 to 2010, histological findings from 324 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) at Siriraj Hospital were studied. Various subtypes of IDC were identified according to expression of ER, PR and HER-2: luminal-A (ER+;PR+/-;HER-2-), luminal-B (ER+;PR+/-;HER-2 +), HER-2 (ER-;PR- ;HER-2+) and basal-like (ER-;PR-;HER-2-). As well, associations of tumor size, tumor grade, nodal status, angiolymphatic invasion (ALI), multicentricity and multifocality with different breast cancer subtypes were studied. Of 324 IDCs, 143 (44.1%), 147 (45.4%), 15 (4.6%) and 12 (3.7%) were T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Most tumors were grade 2 (54.9%) and had no nodal involvement (53.4%). According to ER, PR and HER-2 status, 192 (59.3%), 40 (12.3%), 43 (13.3%) and 49 (15.1%) tumors were luminal-A, luminal-B, HER-2 and basal-like subtypes. HER-2 subtype presented with large tumor (p=0.04, ANOVA). Luminal-A IDC was associated with single foci (p<0.01, ${\chi}^2$). HER-2 and basal-like subtypes were likely to have high tumor grade (p<0.01, ${\chi}^2$). In addition, HER-2 subtype had higher number of nodal involvement (p=0.048, ${\chi}^2$). In conclusion, the luminal-A subtype accounted for the majority of IDCs in Thai women. Percentages of HER-2 and basal-like IDCs were high, compared with a recent study from the USA. The HER-2 subtype was related with high nodal invasion. The findings may highlight biological differences between IDCs occurring in Asian and Western women.