• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1998

The uptake of glucose for metabolism and growth is essential to most animal cells and is mediated by glucose-transporter (GLUT) proteins. The aim of this study was to determine which class of glucose transporter molecules was responsible for uptake of glucose in the mouse early embryo and at which stage the corresponding genes were expressed. In addition, co-culture system with vero cell was used to investigate the effect of the system on GLUT expression. Two-cell stage embryos were collected from the superovulated ICR female and divided into 3 groups. As a control, embryos were cultured in 0.4% BSA-T6 medium which includes glucose. For the experimental groups, embryos were cultured in either co-culture system with vero cells or glucose-free T6 medium supplemented with 0.4% BSA and pyruvate as an energy substrate. 2-cell to blastocyst stage embryos in those groups were respectively collected into microtubes (50 embryos/tube). Total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR was performed. The products were analysed after staining ethidium bromide by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Blastocysts were collected from each group at l20hr after hCG injection. They were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, stained with hoechst, and mounted for observation. In control, GLUT1 was expressed from 4-cell to blastocyst. GLUT2 and GLUT3 were expressed in morula and blastocyst. GLUT4 was expressed in all stages. When embryos were cultured in glucose-free medium, no significant difference was shown in the expression of GLUT1, 2 and 3, compared to control. However GLUT4 was not expressed until morular stage. When embryos were co-cultured with vero cell, there was no significant difference in the expression of GLUT1, 2, 3 and 4 compared to control. To determine cell growth of embryos, the average cell number of blastocyst was counted. The cell number of co-culture ($93.8{\pm}3.1$, n=35) is significantly higher than that of control and glucose-free group ($76.6{\pm}3.8$, n=35 and $68.2{\pm}4.3$, n=30). This study shows that the GLUT genes are expressed differently according to embryo stage. GLUTs were detectable throughout mouse preimplantation development in control and co-culture groups. However, GLUT4 was not detected from 2- to 8-cell stage but detected from morula stage in glucose-free medium, suggested that GLUT genes are expressed autocrinally in the embryo regardless of the presence of glucose as an energy substrate. In addition, co-culture system can increase the cell count of blastocyst but not improve the expression of GLUT. In conclusion, expression of GLUT is dependent on embryo stage in preimplantation embryo development.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1978

Trichoderma viride 16374호(號) Cellulase에 의(依)한 목재가수분해(木材加水分解)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)로서 재료(材料)는 산오리나무재(材)를 사용(使用)하였다. 효소생산(酵素生産)은 액체(液體) 진탕배양법(振盪培養法)에 의(依)하였다. 즉(即) 밀기울 추출액(抽出液)에 Pulp분말(粉末)(Toyo여지(濾紙) 60 mesh) 10, $KH_2PO_410$, $(NH_4)_2$ $SO_4$ 3, $NaNO_3$ 3, $MgSO_4$ $7H_2O$ 0.5g/1을 가(加)하였다. 이와 같이 하여 진탕배양(振盪培養)한 후(後) 배양액(培養液)을 취(取)하여 유안포화도(硫安飽和度)에 의(依)한 염석조효소액(鹽析粗酵素液)을 만들었다. 환원당정량(還元糖定量)은 DNS법(法)에 의(依)하였다. (1) 탈(脫)리그닌은 외산(外山)(1970)의 과초산법(過醋酸法)에 의(依)하였다. 여기서 과초산(過醋酸)의 농도(濃度)가 높을수록 단기간(短期間)에 Pulp수율(收率)은 감소(減少)하였다. 즉(即) 20% 과초산액(過醋酸液)으로 처리(處理)한 시료(試料)는 48시간(時間)에, 40% 및 6% 과초산액(過醋酸液)으로 처리(處理)한 시료(試料)는 24시간(時間)이면 충분(充分)한 탈(脫)리그닌이되었다. (2) 기질(基質)은 징세(徵細)할수록 효소(酵素)에 의(依)한 가수분해(加水分解)가 용이(容易)하였으며 환원당생성(還元糖生成)에 적합(適合)한 기질(基質)의 크기는 60-100mesh로 나타났다. (3) 기질(基質)의 건조온도(乾燥溫度)는 높을수록 환원당생성량(還元糖生成量)이 증가(增加)하였으며, 여기서는 건조온도(乾燥溫度)가 $190{\pm}5^{\circ}C$에서 가장 많은 당생성(糖生成)이 나타났다. (4) 기질(基質)의 열처리시간(熱處理時間)이 가장 적당한 것은 45분(分)으로 나타났다. 그리고 45분(分)과 60분간(分間) 열처리(熱處理)한 기질(基質)의 환원당(還元糖) 생성량(生成量)에는 유의차(有意差)가 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2019

Deparia pycnosora (Christ) M. Kato is a fern used as ornamental plant. In addition, it is called "Teol-go-sa-ri" in Korean name. The aim of this study was to develop a practical propagation method of D. pycnosora using tissue culture technique. Prothallus obtained from spore germination was the used as experiment materials. The prothalli (300 mg) used in all experiments were sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most suitable media for prothallus propagation were identified by culturing 300 mg of prothalli in $1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, $2{\times}$ MS medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Also, the prothalli were cultured by chopping with a scalpel. In addition, sucrose, activated charcoal, and total nitrogen source were added in different concentrations based on the culture medium selected. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\times}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark) in in vitro. The results showed that optimum was achieved prothallus fresh weight and development in $1{\times}$ MS medium. When other components were added to the basic $1{\times}$ MS medium, prothallus propagation was maximized in $1{\times}$ MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 0.2% activated charcoal, and 60 mM total nitrogen. To select a suitable soil mixture for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was blended with distilled water, spread on five combinations of different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and cultivated for 12 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). As a results, horticultural substrate alone, 2:1 (v:v) mixtures of horticultural substrate and perlite, and 2:1 mixtures of horticultural substrate and decomposed granite induced 208.0, 201.3 and 248.8 sporophytes per pot, respectively. Therefore, this result could provide a practical mass propagation method of D. pycnosora

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2000

유일로 오염된 지역의 토양에서 toluene을 탄소원으로 이용하는 혼합미생물을 분리하여 toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene 및 xylene isomers(BTEX)의 분해특성을 관찰하였다. 단일기질 실험에서는 모든 BTEX의 분해가 이루어졌으며 toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene 순서로 분해되었다. BTEX 혼합기질 분해실험에서는 단일기질일 때보다 분해속도가 상대적으로 느려졌으며, ethylbenzene이 benzene보다 먼저 분해되는 것이 관찰되었다. 이중 혼합물질 반응 실험에서는 방해작용(inhibition), 촉진작용(stimulation), 그리고 비반응(non-interaction)과 같은 다양한 기질반응이 관찰되었으며, ethylbenzene은 benzene, toluene, xylene의 분해에 강한 방해영향을 주었다. Xylene 분해특성에서 m- 및 p-xylene은 혼합미생물에 탄소원으로 이용되었으며 benzene이나 toluene이 동시에 존재할 때는 xylene isomer의 분해가 촉진되었다. 그러나 o-xylene의 분해는 benzene에 의해서만 촉진되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

An in vitro incubation study was conducted to investigate effects of 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) on ruminal fermentation characteristics and methanogen population. BES at the final concentration of 0, 1 and 5 mM with two different substrates having a different ratio of timothy and concentrate (100% timothy vs. 40% timothy-60% concentrate) was incubated for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h in a $39^{\circ}C$ incubator. Total DNA extracted from culture fluid was used as a template for real-time PCR to measure the population of methanogens. Four different primer sets were used for amplification of total bacteria, total methanogens, the order Methanobacteriales and the order Methanomicrobiales. BES reduced (p<0.01) total gas and methane production in a dose-dependent manner. BES at 5 mM inhibited methane production by more than 95% compared to the control. An interaction between substrate and level of BES in total gas and methane was detected (p<0.01). The decrease of methane production with increasing BES level was more pronounced on mixed substrate than on timothy alone. However, hydrogen production was increased by BES treatment (p<0.01). Total VFA concentration was not affected, but molar percentage of propionate and butyrate was increased and acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by BES treatment (p<0.01). BES did not affect the population density of total bacteria but reduced (p<0.01) the population of total methanogens, the order Methanobacteriales and the order Methanomicrobiales in a dose-dependent manner. The type of substrate did not influence the trend, although the magnitude of response was different between all-roughage and 40% roughage substrate.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 2002

The biodegradation of BTEX components (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and p-xylene) individually and in mixtures was investigated using the o-xylene-degrading thermo-tolerant bacterium Ralsronia sp. strain PHS1 , which utilizes benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, or o-xylene as its sole carbon source. The results showed that as a single substrate for growth, benzene was superior to both toluene and ethylbenzene. While growth inhibition was severe at higher o-xylene concentrations, no inhibition was observed (up to 100 mg $l^-1$) with ethylbenzene. In mixtures of BTEX compounds, the PHS1 culture was shown to degrade all six BTEX components and the degradation rates were in the order of benzene, toluene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, and m- and p-xylene. m-Xylene and p-xylene were found to be co-metabolized by this microorganism in the presence of the growth-supporting BTEX compounds. In binary mixtures containing the growth substrates (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene. and o-xylene), PHS1 degraded each BTEX compound faster when it was alone than when it was a component of a BTEX mixture, although the degree of inhibition varied according to the substrates in the mixtures. p-Xylene was shown to be the most potent inhibitor of BTEX biodegradation in binary mixtures. On the other hand, the degradation rates of the non-growth substrates (m-xylene and p-xylene) were significantly enhanced by the addition of growth substrates. The substrate utilization patterns between PHS1 and other microorganisms were also examined.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 1996년도 심포지움 및 학술논문발표요지
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• pp.67-70
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• 1996

오이의 양액재배는 초기에 암면을 중심으로 한 배지경에서 최근 펄라이트를 주 배지로 한 배지경의 면적이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 이들 고형배지를 이용한 양액재배에 사용한 배양액은 크게 2종류로 구분할 수 있다. 하나는 일렬의 야먀자끼씨의 오이 배양액으로 이 배양액은 담액수경하에서 개발된 배양액으로 순수 수경재배에 적합하다고 할 수 있다. 다른 하나는 네델란드 온실작물연구소(PBG)의 오이배지경용 배양액이라 할수 있다. (중략)

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.275-287
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• 2000

Fermentation strategies for recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris have been investigated and are reviewed here. Characteristics of the expression system, such as phenotypes and carbon utilization, are summarized. Recently reported results such as growth model establishment, app58lication of a methanol sensor, optimization of substrate feeding strategy, DOstat controller design, mixed feed technology, and perfusion and continuous culture are discussed in detail.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.45-45
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• 2020

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1999

To optimize the culture conditions for Beauveria bassiana 726, the effects of culture medium, pH, and temperature on mycelium and spore production were investigated. The optimum temperature and pH for the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 were 28 $^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively. The optimized medium was composed of 1.0~2.0% total sugar from molasses, 0.5% corn steep liquor and 0.05% KH$_2$PO$_4$. In the cultivation of B. bassiana 726 with the optimum medium, the specific growth rate and substrate utilization were well-fitted with the proposed kinetic model in the shake flask and stirred tank reactor. When the fed-batch cultivation using carbon suorce, nitrogen source, and mineral salt as a feeding medium was compared with batch cultivation in stirred tank reactor, mycelium (12.7 g/L) and spore production (5.4$\times$$10^8/mL$) were enhanced up to 110% and 85%, respectively.