• Mycobiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2015

Culture filtrates of six different edible mushroom species were screened for antimicrobial activity against tomato wilt bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum B3. Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes (Sanjo 701), Grifola frondosa, and Hypsizygus marmoreus showed antibacterial activity against the bacteria. Water, n-butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of H. erinaceus exhibited high antibacterial activity against different phytopathogenic bacteria: Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, R. solanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. citiri, and X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that water extracts of SMS (WESMS) of H. erinaceus induced expressions of plant defense genes encoding ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase (GluA) and pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a), associated with systemic acquired resistance. Furthermore, WESMS also suppressed tomato wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum by 85% in seedlings and promoted growth (height, leaf number, and fresh weight of the root and shoot) of tomato plants. These findings suggest the WESMS of H. erinaceus has the potential to suppress bacterial wilt disease of tomato through multiple effects including antibacterial activity, plant growth promotion, and defense gene induction.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2002

The metabolic flux pattern for L-histidine production was analyzed when glucose and/or acetate were used as carbon sources. Total L-histidine production was enhanced when mixed substrate (glucose and acetate) was used, compared wish that when either glucose or acetate was used as the sole carbon source. Theoretical maximum carbon fluxes through the main pathways for L-histldine production, cell growth, and ATP consumption for cell maintenance were obtained by the linear programming (LP) method. By comparison of the theoretical maximum carbon fluxes tilth actual ones, it was found that a large amount of glucose was actually used for maintenance of cell viability. On the other hand, acetate was used for cell growth. After depletion of acetate in the mixed substrate culture, the flux for glucose to L-histldine synthesis was markedly enhanced. A strategy for effective L-histidine production using both carbon sources was proposed.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 1995

To investigate the metabolism of various substrates in preimplantation bovine embryos, uptake of glucose and pyruvate, and lactate production were measured in single IVF-derived bovine embryos by a non-invasive method. When the embryos were incubated for 5 h in culture medium supplemented with 1 mM glucose and 0.4mM pyruvate as substrates at each developmental stage, glucose uptake was increased with more advanced developmental stages while pyruvate uptake was decreased. Total lactate producton of 2-cell embryos was significantly higher than that of blastocysts (p<0.05). Both of glucose uptake and lactate production in normal morulae produced in vitro was significantly high compared to the degenerated embryos(p<0.05). The results obtained in the study suggest that pyruvate as an exogenous substrate may be support in bovine embryos until 8-cell stage, whereas glucose may be effective as an energy source after morula stage. In addition, it was proven thatlactate was not effective as an energy source in preimplantation development of IVF-derived bovine embryos.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1992

The hydrolyzates of lignocellulosic biomass contain a mixture of glucose, xylose and cellobiose. The yeast which can produce ethanol efficiently from xylose and cellobiose was selected and its growth and ethanol formation behavior on each sugar and their mixture were investigated. Ethanol yields during batch culture of Pichia stipitis CBS 5776 were 0.4. 0.36 and 0.23 g/g substrate on glucose, xylose and cellobiose, respectively. Mixed sugar fermentation data indicate that glucose causes catabolite regulation on xylose and cellobiose utilization. However, xylose and cellobiose were utilized simultaneously. Ethanol yields on mixtures of sugars were generally additive for each of the substrates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1978.10a
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• pp.208.2-208
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• 1978

Rice Straw was delignified by autoclaving with 1％ NaOH solution at $121^{\circ}C$ for one hour and was disintegrated by a Wiley mill to 60 mesh. This substrate was saccharified with cellulase produced by Trichoderma viride T04 in solid culture me-dium. The rate and extent of hydrolysis were both increased when high enzyme concentration and low substrate concentration were employed. The original cellulose was treated with 0.19 FPA unit for three hours and followed by the second treatment for the same period with the same concentration of enzyme after washing. By doing this the hydrolysis rate at the second stage could increase four folds of that unwashed. The same experiment with 0.32 FPA unit yielded two folds suggesting an end-product inhibition on the recaction system. The extent of hydrolysis however, could not be in-creased by this process.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-21
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• 1965

Using the synchronous culture method and the manometric technique, changes in respiratory activities, utilization of some organic acids (succinate, malate, lactate and acetate etc.) and its effect on glucose metabolism in Chlorella cells at different growing stages were measured. 1) Endogenous respiration of the cells was not active at growing stage and was almost constant throughout the early ripening, maturing and division stages. 2) Lactate was utilized as respiratory substrate better than other organic acids tested. Exogenous respiration of glucose was most active at growing and maturing stages and was decreased strikingly at division stage. 3) Succinate and citrate inhibited endogenous and glucose respiration of the cells throughout the all life cycle. 4) Malate and acetate were utilized in the cells at early growing and division stages better, and malate enhanced the glucose respiration while in case of acetate it was depressed. 5) Calcium ion inhibited not only permeability of respiratory substrate but endogenous respiration itself.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 1991

- Mutation process and substrate induction of 7i-ichoderma viride cellobiohydrolase were investigated by immunological techniques. Since mutants of Trichodemza uiride such as QM9123, QM9414, TKO41 and MCG77 produced immunologically same cellobiohydrolase, it may be that the mutation be occurred in the reguratory gene rather than in the structural gene of cellobiohydrolase. a-Cellulose and Solka Floc were found to be the best inducer for the production of cellobiohydrolase in Trichodemza viride culture compared to low molecular weight inducer such as carboxylmethyl cellulose and cellobiose.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2024

This work focuses on the fabrication of excellent magnetic structures for trapping breast cancer cells. Micromagnetic structures were patterned for trapping cancer cells by depositing 30 nm of permalloy on a silicon substrate. These structures were designed and fabricated using two fabrication techniques: electron beam lithography and laser direct writing. Two types of magnetic structures, rectangular wire and zig-zagged wire, were created on a silicon substrate. The length of each rectangular wire and each straight line of zig-zagged wire was 150 ㎛ with a range of widths from 1 to 15 ㎛ for rectangular and 1, 5, 10 and 15 ㎛ for zigzag, respectively. The magnetic structures showed good responses to the applied magnetic field despite adding layers of silicon nitride and polyethylene glycol. The results showed that Si + Si₃N₄ + PEG exhibited the best adhesion of cells to the surface, followed by Si + Py + Si₃N₄ + PEG. concentration of 5-6 with permalloy indicates that this layer affected silicon nitride in the presence of Polyethylene glycolPEG.

• Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

The current study was performed to investigate the effect of recycling coir substrates on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of strawberry plants. Analysis of physical properties revealed that the pH of a fresh coir substrate was 5.04 while those of substrates reused for one and two years were 5.20 and 5.33, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a new substrate was as high as $4.58dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. This can cause salt stress after transplanting. The EC tended to decrease as the substrate was recycled, and the EC of a two-year recycled substrate was $1.48dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The fresh substrate had lower nitrogen and calcium concentrations, but higher phosphate, potassium, and sodium concentrations than the recycled coir substrate. The coir substrates recycled for one or two years maintained better chemical properties for plant growth than the fresh substrate. Strawberry growth varied depending on the number of years that the coir substrate was recycled. In general, strawberries grown in substrates that had been reused for two years did better than those grown in substrates that had been reused once or were fresh. Ninety days after transplanting, a plant grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years contained 25 leaves, which was 3.6 more than with a fresh substrate. In addition, the plants grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years exhibited larger leaf areas than those grown in other substrates. Coir substrates that had been reused for one year increased the number and area of leaves, but not as much as the substrate that had been reused for two years. One- and two-year reused coir substrates increased the weight of strawberries produced relative to the unused substrate, but the difference was not statistically significant. The plants grown in two-year reused substrates were longer and wider, as well. Also, the number of fruits per plant was higher when substrates were reused. Specifically, the number of fruits per plant was 28.7 with a two-year reused substrate, but only 22.2 with a fresh substrate. The fruit color indices (as represented by their Hunter L, a, b values) were not considerably affected by recycling of the coir substrate. The Hunter L value, which indicates the brightness of the fruit, did not change significantly when the substrate was recycled. Neither Hunter a (red) nor b (yellow) values were changed by recycling. In addition, there were no significant changes in the hardnesses, acidities, or soluble solid-acid ratios of fruits grown in recycled substrates. Thus, it is thought that recycling the coir substrate does not affect measures of fruit quality such as color, hardness, and sugar content. Overall, reuse of coir substrates from hydroponic culture as high-bed strawberry growth substrates would solve the problems of new substrate costs and the disposal of substrates that had been used once.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1069-1075
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• 2004

In an attempt to evaluate the function of MAP kinase in porcine oocytes and to develop a method of the assessment of its activity, myelin basic protein (MBP) was used as a substrate to detect the MAP kinase activity of porcine oocytes which had undergone maturation in vitro. The existence of MAP kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) was verified in immature porcine germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes at 0 h culture via Western blotting. Porcine oocytes exhibited a low level of MAP kinase activity during the first 20 h of culture, which increased at 25 h, during which time a breakdown in the nuclear membrane occurred. Significantly higher increases (p<0.05) of MAP kinase activity were detected at 30 h of culture. Using the gel phosphorylation method, MBP was phosphorylated at two positions corresponding to mammalian MAP kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1) (44 kDa) and ERK 2 (42 kDa). The absolute levels of those proteins did not increase during 40 h of culture, suggesting that the detected increase in MAP kinase activity was the result of phosphorylation rather than changes in the total amount of protein. MAPKK and MAP kinase were dephosphorylated in first-stage (MI) meiotic oocytes by the addition of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. These results of this study indicate that the MAP kinase cascade does exists in porcine oocytes and that its activation leads to oocyte maturation.