• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2011

유가의 급등과 화석 연료에 의한 온난화 현상은 재생 가능한 대체 연료에 대한 필요성이 요구되었다. 수송용 바이오 연료를 비교하였을 때 에탄올보다 높은 알코올 경우 휘발유와 비슷한 장점을 갖는데 그 이유는 높은 에너지 밀도와 낮은 흡습성을 갖기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 미생물의 발효는 지속적인 에너지를 얻을 수 있는 잠재적 생산자라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물학적으로 생산되는 알코올 성분에 대하여 두 종의 세균과 한종의 효모인 Escherichia coli와 Clostridium acetobutylicum 그리고 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 바이오 알코올에 대한 세포 성장 정도와 함께 미생물내에 스트레스 반응 유전자들의 분석을 실시하였다. 분석한 알코올은 에탄올과 부탄올이며, 이들의 농도별 세균의 성장속도와 산화적 손상에 민감하게 반응하는 katG 유전자, 생물막 손상에 민감하게 반응하는 fabA 유전자, 단백질 손상에 민감하게 반응하는 grpE 유전자, 유전자 손상에 민감하게 반응하는 recA 유전자의 반응여부를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 에탄올과 부탄올 중 부탄올의 세포 독성이 더 높게 관찰되었으며, 부탄올의 경우 생물막 손상을 유발하는 세포내 독성효과를 지니고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.454-457
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• 2003

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the utilization of dietary soybean meal and wheat flour as substitutes for fish meal and alginate in different dietary types (powder, pellet and flake) for juvenile snail (Semisulcospira gottschei). After 10 weeks feeding trial, survival was not affected by formulation and type of diets (P>0.05), but weight gain was significantly affected by dietary formulation (P<0.001) and type (P<0.05). In the same dietary formulation, weight gain of the snail fed the flake type of diets was lower than that of the snail fed the powder or pellet types. However, the type of diet did not affect weight gain when snail fed diets containing $37\%$ soybean meal and $18\%$ alginate. The weight gain was lower in the snail fed diets containing $25\%$ fish meal compared with that of the snail for diets containing $33-37\%$ soybean meal at the same dietary type. When soybean meal was used as main protein source in diets, weight gain was not affected by dietary alginate $(0\;and\;18\%)$ and wheat flour $(36\;and\;58\%)$ contents. Crude protein and ash contents of whole body of the snail was not affected either by formulation or by type of diet. Moisture and crude lipid contents of the whole body were significantly affected by dietary formulation, but not by the type. These results indicate that $25\%$ fish meal could be replaced by $37\%$ soybean meal as dietary protein source, and pellet and powder could be desirable dietary type for the optimum growth of the snail.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2009

Purpose: Negative pressure therapy has been used in various conditions to promote wound healing. It has also been used to secure a skin graft by improving microcirculation and improving tight adhesion between the graft and the recipient bed. To reduce post burn scar contracture and improve aesthetical result, many types of dermal substitutes have been invented and used widely. The goal of this study was evaluate usefulness of the VAC (Kinetic concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) in improving the take rate and time to incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ in reconstruction of burn scar contracture. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from October, 2006 to December, 2008. The VAC was utilized for 11 patients. The average patient's age was 19.7 years (range 5 - 27) and average surface area was $785cm^2$ (range 24 - 1600). The burn scars were excised deep into normal subcutaneous tissue to achieve complete release of the scar, Integra$^{(R)}$ was sutured in place with skin staple와 Steri - strip$^{(R)}$. Then slit incisions were made on silicone sheet only with No.11 blade for effective drainage. The VAC was used as a bolster dressing over Integra$^{(R)}$. Negative - Pressure ranging from 100 to 125 mm Hg was applied to black polyurethane foam sponge trimmed to the appropriate wound size. An occlusive seal over the black polyurethane foam sponge was maintained by a combination of the occlusive dressing, OP - site$^{(R)}$. The VAC dressing changes were performed every 3 or 4 days until adequate incorporation was obtained. The neodermis appeared slightly yellow to orange color. When the Integra$^{(R)}$ deemed clinically incorporated, The VAC was removed and take was estimated with visual inspection. Very thin STSG(0.006 ~ 0.008 inches) was performed after silicone sheet removal. Result: The mean time for clinically assessed incorporation of Integra$^{(R)}$ was 10.00 days (range 9 - 12). The mean dressing change was 3.5 times until take was obtained. In All patients, Integra$^{(R)}$ had successful incorporation in tissue without serious complications. Conclusion: Integra$^{(R)}$ in combination with Vacuum - Assisted Closure(VAC) may be incorporated earlier than conventional dressing method.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.578-585
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• 2017

Recently, there has been a rise in the number of amphetamine derivatives that serve as substitutes for controlled substances (e.g. amphetamine and methamphetamine) on the global illegal drug market. These substances are capable of producing rewarding effects similar to their parent drug. In anticipation of the future rise of new and similar psychoactive substances, we designed and synthesized four novel amphetamine derivatives with N-benzyl, N-benzylamphetamine HCl (NBNA) substituent on the amine region, 1,4-dioxane ring, ethylenedioxy-amphetamine HCl (EDA), methyl, para-methylamphetamine HCl (PMEA), and naphthalene, 2-(aminopropyl) naphthalene HCl (2-APN) substituents on the phenyl site. Then, we evaluated their abuse potential in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test in mice and self-administration (SA) test in rats. We also investigated the psychostimulant properties of the novel drugs using the locomotor sensitization test in mice. Moreover, we performed qRT-PCR analyses to explore the effects of the novel drugs on the expression of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor genes in the striatum. NBNA, but not EDA, PMEA, and 2-APN, induced CPP and SA in rodents. None of the test drugs have produced locomotor sensitization. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that NBNA increased the expression of striatal D1 dopamine receptor genes. These data indicate that NBNA yields rewarding effects, suggesting potential for abuse. Continual observation for the rise of related substances is thus strongly encouraged.

• 생약학회지
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• 제35권3호통권138호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2004

산뽕나무의 생리활성 기능을 탐색하기 위하여 메탄올, 에탄올, 클로로포름, 80% 메탄올, 80% 에탄올 및 추출물을 조제하였고, 산뽕나무 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물로부터 n-Hexane, $CHCl_3$, EtOAc. n-BuOH 및 water 분획물을 제조하였다. 얻어진 추출물과 분획물에 대하여 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거법에 의한 항산화성 효과와 UVB 및 UVA 영역에서의 자외선 흡수 효과를 검토하였다. 산뽕나무 추출물의 수소전자공여능$(IC_{50})$을 측정한 결과 추출물에서는 80% 메탄올 줄기 추출물, 80% 열매 추출물, 80% 뿌리 추출물, 80% 메탄올 및 추출물에서 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 자외선 차단효과에서는 80% 에탄올 뿌리 추출물 및 80% 메탄올 추출물에서 매우 높은 자외선 흡수력이 높게 측정되었다. 항산화 효과 및 자외선 차단효능이 탁월한 산뽕나무 뿌리의 80% 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 용매 분획물을 제조하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획물$(IC_{50}\;:\;15.0\;{\mu}g/ml)$이 가장 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었으며, 자외선 차단효과에서도 에틸아세테이트 분획물(E%cm: 223.4)이 자외선 B영역에서 매우 높은 흡수력을 나타내었다. 현재 산뽕나무 부리의 에틸아세테이트 분획물을 대상으로 활성물질의 분리 및 구조규명에 관한 연구를 진행중에 있다.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2011

Modern medicine has early experienced the absence of mimesis and has been trying to replace the absence with objective grounds and experimental data. However, as medicine became science, the crisis of medicine spread more widely. Microscopic powers and violences are invisible, but individuals are powerless and vainly unable to resist. The anguish or introspection about the situation is sometimes described in stories such as An Engagement by Lee Eung Jun. An Engagement is mentioned in this article due to the writer's attitude, which shows his introspection and desire for harmony through the wounds of each trivial character. The writer is unceasingly talking about suffering people in his story and his seriousness enables readers to find his stronger sympathy over life and death than in any other medical stories. In fact, it is impossible for readers to comprehend the confusing propositions which the writer pours out, and even uncomfortable to read the story. Nevertheless, the propositions are always in contact with reality. Perhaps it is not the writer's confusing propositions that make us uncomfortable. It might be ourselves who are always alienated and starved. We can say that the characters' pains and wounds are phantom pains caused by the absence of mimesis. Since there is no affected area, their pains cannot be measured by only scientific medicine. However, the current medical profession regards objective research evidences as absolute truth and allows them to be the sole criterion. Although scientific skills such as DNA analysis and MRI scan can be the substitutes for doctors' judgment, so much of medicine is still interpersonal relationships. An Engagement. As a person promises to marry another, as all beings together in the world promise to subordinate to one another, every subject is consistently a valuable part of each other for the writer's eyes. He is aware that it is originally impossible to get engaged to the world, but he does not give up the possibility of genuine communication. In today's post-modernism society, where a large number of pathological views define the members and the world itself, endless questioning of existence and digging into pathology will be the only way to reduce the gap between individuals and their world. This article does not say that a literary work will lead the change of medical paradigm. It sprang from a desire for medical humanities to gain more interest of the medical field, where the encounter between literature and medicine is still unfamiliar, and to make medical education recognize the importance of humanities. Starting with this work, I believe that the humanities will help us to find the solution to the age of absence of mimesis and to the crisis of medicine.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.18.1-18.5
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• 2014

Background: A six-week study involving two hundred and fifty (250) Harco Black layer birds at point of lay was conducted to investigate the effects of potential natural colorant on performance and Egg quality traits. The birds were assigned to five (5) dietary treatments, each containing supplements either of control, Baobab Leaf (BL), Waterleaf (WL), Red Pepper (RP), Canthaxanthin (CTX) at 40 g/kg feed and 50 mg/kg feed of natural and commercial colorants, respectively. Results: Performance records shows that there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in feed intake across the supplements of Red pepper, Water leaf, Canthaxanthin and control diet, however, birds fed Baobab leaf treatment had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) feed intake value (94.07 g) when compared with other treatments. Body weight gain and Hen Day Production were not significant influenced (p > 0.05) by the dietary treatments, although laying hens fed Baobab leaf supplement had lowest mean HDP of 48.80%, while birds fed Red pepper and Water leaf supplement had an average value of 52.79%. There was no significant effect (p > 0.05) of colorants on egg external traits, compared with the control; birds fed Canthaxanthin treatment had higher mean egg weight (51.79 g), egg length (4.55 g), egg breadth (3.29 g); Red pepper treatment had highest mean shell thickness (0.29 g), however these differences were not significant (p > 0.05). Yolk height, Albumen height, Yolk index, and Haugh unit were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) across treatments. Yolk width was lowest (p < 0.05) in Baobab leaf treatment (2.54 cm); Red pepper, Water leaf and Canthaxanthin (2.89 cm, 2.62 cm and 2.89 cm respectively) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the control (2.73 cm). Yolk colour score was significantly highest (p < 0.05) in Red pepper treatment (7.50); Water leaf, Baobab leaf and Canthaxanthin ranged between 2.25-3.31 on the DSM yolk colour fan, Control treatment had the lowest yolk colour score (p < 0.05) of 1.31. Conclusion: The study showed Red pepper as a worthy alternative to commercial yolk colorant. Water leaf and baobab are not good substitutes for canthaxanthin as a yolk colourant.

• 에너지공학
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.318-329
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• 2011

본 연구는 최근 이상기온 현상으로 기온의 변동성이 커지고 국제유가 급등으로 인한 도시가스 수요의 변동성이 확대되어 가는데 대응하여 시간변동계수를 가지는 시계열 모형을 이용하여 보다 정확한 천연가스의 소비함수를 추정하고자 하였다. 천연가스 소비함수에 가장 영향을 미치는 국내총생산과 기온을 중요변수로 활용하였으며, 방법론으로는 시간변동계수를 갖는 공적분회귀모형과 오차수정모형을 사용하였다. 분석의 결과, 천연가스 소비함수는 국내총생산과 기온변수와의 상관관계에서 시간변동계수에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것으로 검증되었다. 이러한 시간변동계수 시계열모형을 이용하여 2011년 7월~2012년 12월까지 18개월 동안 천연가스 월별 수요예측을 실시한 결과, 2011년의 도시가스용 천연가스 소비량은 18,303천톤으로 예측되었으며, 상반기 경기회복에 따른 각 소비주체들의 소비급증으로 실제 사용된 18,681천톤과 큰 차이를 보이지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 2012년에는 약 19,213천톤이 소요될 것으로 추정되었다. 향후 천연가스의 가격 및 대체재간 상대가격, 수요가의 규모 등을 포함하여 수요모형의 확대가 필요하다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.689-695
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• 2011

모유대체지를 합성하기 위하여 palm stearin을 acetone fractionation으로 획득한 PPP rich fraction과 oleic ethyl ester를 기질로 사용하고, sn-1,3 위치 선택성을 가진 Lipozyme TLIM을 이용하여 에스테르 교환반응을 수행하였다. 반응 조건(반응 온도, 반응 시간, 기질의 비율)을 요인 변수로 하여 중심 합성 계획에 의한 반응표면분석을 이용하였고, 비 용매 계에서의 반응을 통해 sn-2 위치에 팔미트산의 함량이 높고, sn-1,3에 올레산의 함량이 높은 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol(OPO) 합성 조건을 최적화 하였다. 모델에 의하여 구해진 최적화 조건은 반응온도=$55^{\circ}C$, 반응시간 =3시간, 기질비율=1:6이었고 이때 sn-2 위치의 팔미트산($Y_1$, %)의 함량은 70.70%이었고 sn-1,3 위치의 올레산($Y_2$, %) 함량은 69.58% 이었다. 최적조건에서 합성된 모유대체지를 silver ion HPLC분석 결과 SSS(5.22%), SSU(36.28%), SUU(12.94%), USU(31.24%), UUU(11.04%)로 나타났다. 한편, TAG(90.35 g/100 g), 1,3-DAG (5.66 g/100 g)와 1,2-DAG(4.00 g/100 g)로 구성되어 있었고, 1,3-DAG 가 1,2-DAG 보다 많이 생성되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.536-541
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 딸기의 기능성을 지닌 케이크의 제조를 위해서 밀가루의 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%를 동결 건조시킨 딸기분말로 대체한 혼합분으로 제조한 케이크의 물리적 성질, 관능적 특성, 저장기간 동안의 경도변화를 측정하였다. 딸기분말을 함유한 반죽내의 공기혼입은 대조구보다 낮게 나타났으며 케이크의 비체적과 volume index 역시 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 내부 색상은 딸기분말의 양이 많을수록 L값과 b값은 감소하였으나 붉은 정도를 나타내는 a값은 증가하였다. 관능검사결과는 딸기분말의 첨가량이 $1{\sim}4%$ 범위에서는 케이크의 촉촉함이나 부드러움성에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 색상이나 맛, 전반적인 기호도에서는 대조구보다 점수가 낮게 나타났다. 본 실험에서는 동결건조시킨 딸기분말을 $1{\sim}3%$ 첨가한 그룹안에서는 점도나 비중, 비체적, 관능검사 등의 결과가 유의적으로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으므로, 딸기분말을 3% 정도 첨가시키면 케이크의 기능성을 높이는데 응용될 수 있다고 보여진다.