• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 2007년도 제47회 종합학술대회 연제초록
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• pp.154-155
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• 2007

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal meanings of dolls and dolls' images expressed in modern fashion show. Dolls are used as sacred object, decoration object, playing object, personified object or cherished object. The expression types of doll image in modern fashion are as following; substitutes of multi-ego, object of sexual desire, objectified creature, and medium of transcending fantasy. First, dolls image as substitutes of multi-ego had been expressed in magical expression, disgusting mask, transparent mannequin, expressionless, horror, conflict, loss of identity, exaggeration or escapism. Second, as object of sexual desire, dolls image are expressed as naked baby, ambiguous expression, naked body, voluminous body, emphasized specific bodypart, heavy makeup or wax doll of sexy actresses. Third, as objectified creature, dolls are human body in passive form. Human bodies are disassembled and reassembled as dolls. Such dolls reflect serious reality. They wrap up human like product and objectify it. Fourth, dolls image expressed as medium of transcending fantasy recollects youth age or expresses imagination on ambiguous virtual reality. Like this, dolls have value as creatures in various fields of modern fashion. Dolls contribute a lot in creating important inspiration. Dolls also expose internal mentality and represent ego. Externally, dolls express human shape becoming more and more materialized and objectified by advancing scientific technology in digital capitalistic society.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

Alveolar cleft is a tornado-shaped bone defect in the maxillary arch. The treatment goals for alveolar cleft are stabilization and provision of bone continuity to the maxillary arch, permitting support for tooth eruption, eliminating oronasal fistulas, providing an improved esthetic result, and improving speech. Treatment protocols vary in terms of the operative time, surgical techniques, and graft materials. Early approaches including boneless bone grafting (gingivoperiosteoplasty) and primary bone graft fell into disfavor because they impaired facial growth, and they remain controversial. Secondary bone graft (SBG) is not the most perfect method, but long-term follow-up has shown that the graft is absorbed to a lesser extent, does not impede facial growth, and supports other teeth. Accordingly, SBG in the mixed dentition phase (6-11 years) has become the preferred method of treatment. The most commonly used graft material is cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Recently, many researchers have investigated the use of allogeneic bone, artificial bone, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, along with growth factors because of their ability to decrease donor-site morbidity. Further investigations of bone substitutes and additives will continue to be needed to increase their effectiveness and to reduce complications.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 2015

Backgrounds: The purpose of this study was to compare full thickness skin graft with inguinal skin to split thickness skin graft for coverage of the radial forearm free flap donor site. Patients and Methods: 25 patients who was reconstructed with radial forearm free flap for head and neck cancer were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The graft loss rates of full thickness skin graft were less than split thickness skin graft or split thickness skin graft with dermal substitutes. The recovery times of donor site and skin graft donor site of full thickness skin graft were also shorter than split thickness skin graft or split thickness skin graft with dermal substitutes. Skin texture and aesthetic results of donor site were improved and complications as itching and pain sensation were decreased. Conclusion: Full thickness skin grafts with inguinal skin should be considered for patients requiring a radial forearm free flap.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 1993

The purposes of this study are as follows: 1) To estimate the amounts of differences in service expenditures resulting from the effects of mother's marital and employment status. 2) To find out the relationship of socio-economic variables to expenditures for time-saving durables and services Data were taken from the 1988-1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. The sample consisted of 2,216 families with 334 single-mother families and 1,792 married-mother families. Tobit regres-sion analyses were used to test of variables related to expenditures for (a) food away from home. (b) clothing care (c) child care (d) domestic services and (e) total services. The results of this study were as follows; 1) The percentage difference from non-employed married-mother families was higher for employed single-mother families than for other types of families indicating the positive effect on expenditures on market substitutes of mother's marital and employment status. 2) The father's wage rate was associated only with expenditures for domestic services. A positive relationship was found between family nonlabor income and domestic services Total family income was positively associated with expenditues for all dependent variables. There was a negative relationship between expenditures for child care and age of mother squared. Mother's education was associated with expenditures in all categories. Families of nonwhite spent less on time-saving durables. food away from home, and total services and spent more on apparel services than families of white mothers. The presence of young child was positively related to total services and child care services and negatively related to food away from home.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

미세조류는 바이오연료 생산을 위한 가장 지속가능하고 장래성이 좋은 생산 원료로 여겨지고 있다. 하지만 최근의 몇몇 전과정평가 연구에 의하면 미세조류 바이오디젤 생산, 특히 배양 단계에 많은 에너지가 소요된다는 단점이 있다. 유기탄소, 질소 및 인과 같은 영양분, 그리고 배양에 필요한 용수 비용이 전체 배양 단계의 80%까지 이를 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 최근 미세조류 배양에 필요한 인공배지의 대체용으로 사용 가능성이 높은 하폐수, 유기비료 연소배가스, 유기성 폐기물 등에 대한 최근의 활용 경향과 사용 전략에 대하여 문한 조사를 통해 요약 및 고찰하였다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

This paper estimated the demand function of the cuts of pork by using the consumer panel and the weather data from the Korea Meteorological Administration with a log-log model and AIDS model. The results show that the price elasticity of demand for cuts of pork is high in the sequence of arm shoulder, leg, special cuts, tenderloin, blade shoulder. In contrast, spare rib, belly and loin are classified as low price elasticity of demand. The income elasticities of demand for leg and blade shoulder are 11% and 7.6% respectively. The loin is classified as inferior goods, because demand decreases when income increases. The results also demonstrate show that the demand increases highly in the sequence of loin, arm shoulder, spare rib, belly if housewife is older, and the demand of belly increases when family number increases. Belly substitutes every cut except spare rib, and tenderloin substitutes special cuts. Spare rib, on the other hand, does not substitute other cuts. In addition, job status, family member, husband job, purchasing place, consumer characteristic, eating-out times, purchasing time, and weather are statistically significant.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2187-2192
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• 2011

Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role as a second messenger in the normal cellular signaling but its overproduction has been implicated in various life-threatening diseases. Peroxalate chemiluminescence is the light emission from a three component reaction between peroxalate, hydrogen peroxide and fluorophores. It has proven great potential as a methodology to detect hydrogen peroxide in physiological environments because of its excellent sensitivity and specificity to hydrogen peroxide. We developed chemiluminescent micelles composed of amphiphilic polymers, peroxalate and fluorescent dyes to detect hydrogen peroxide at physiological concentrations. In this work, we studied the relationship between the chemiluminescence reactivity and stability of peroxalate by varying the substitutes on the aryl rings of peroxalate. Alkyl substitutes on the aryl ring of peroxalate increased the stability against water hydrolysis, but diminished the reactivity to hydrogen peroxide. Chemiluminescent micelles encapsulating diphenyl peroxalate showed significantly higher chemiluminescence intensity than the counterpart encapsulating dimethylphenyl or dipropylphenyl peroxalate. Diphenyl peroxalate-encapsulated micelles could detect hydrogen peroxide generated from macrophage cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and image hydrogen peroxide generated during LPS-induced inflammatory responses in a mouse.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-44
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• 2013

이 논문은 한국 노동시장의 수요구조에 관한 기존 연구들을 서베이한 것이다. 한국 노동수요의 특징을 보면 노동과 자본 간에 대체재 관계가 성립하며, 노동을 사무직과 생산직으로 세분해도 대체관계는 변함없다. 대체탄력성의 크기는 0과 1 사이에 있다. 고용과 근로시간은 대체/보완 관계가 명확하지 않다. 법정 근로시간 단축은 실 근로시간을 단축시켰으나 고용은 늘지 않았다. 노동수요 탄력성은 단기에 0.5 미만으로 작다. 기술변화는 1980년대 중반 이후 노동절약적으로 변하였고 1990년대 중반 이후 숙련편향적 성격으로 숙련노동 수요를 늘렸다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.806-813
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• 2000

Statement of problems. There are only a few studies available that deal with the clinical behavior of ceromer systems as potential substitutes for metal-ceramic crowns. Purpose. This prospective study was initiated to evaluate the clinical performance of 35 Sculpture crowns after 2 years in service. Material and methods. Thirty five Sculpture crowns were placed for 20 patients (7 men and 13 women). All patients were treated by the same dentist, and all restorations were fabricated by the same dental laboratory. Crown placement involved both the anterior and posterior regions of the dental arches. Patients were evaluated by two examiner at baseline, 12, and 24 months using the CDA quality assessment system in addition to periodontal criteria. Results. Of 34 crowns remaining in the study after 2 years, only one crown had experienced a marginal fracture. The crown was replaced as a result of recurrent caries. All remaining crowns were ranked as either excellent or acceptable for surface and color, anatomic form, and marginal integrity. Conclusion. The 2-year clinical observations and ranking with the CDA quality assessment criteria supported the conclusion that Sculpture crowns may be used in substitutes for metal-ceramic crowns.