• 분석과학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

The thermodynamic functions for the binding of the peptide Substance P (SP) on the surface of lipid vesicles made of various types of lipids were obtained by using isothermal titration calorimetry. The reaction enthalpies measured from the experiments were -0.11 to $-4.5kcal\;mol^{-1}$. The sizes of the lipid vesicles were measured with dynamic light scattering instrument in order to get the correlation between the reaction enthalpies and the vesicle sizes. The bindings of SP on the lipid vesicles with diameter of 37 to 108 nm were classified into the enthalpy-driven reaction or the entropy-driven reaction according to the size of the lipid vesicles. For the enthalpy-driven binding reaction, the significance of the electrostatic interactions between SP and lipid molecules was affirmed from the experimental results of the DMPC/DMPG/DMPH and DMPC/DMPS/DMPH vesicles as well as the importance of the hydrophobic interactions between hydrophobic groups of SP and lipid molecules.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.3702-3706
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• 2011

The conformation of a neuropeptide, substance P (SP), in isotropic (q = 0.5) acidic bicelles was investigated using two-dimensional NMR techniques. By the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) cross peaks between SP and long-chain lipid molecules SP was probed to bind on the flat surface of the disc-like bicelles. Structural analysis of NMR data indicated that the helical conformation of SP extended to the C-terminal region of Leu10 as well as in the mid-region from Pro4 to Phe8. As compared with the conformations of SP bound on the sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or the dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles with curved surfaces, the surface curvature of the membrane mimics was found to be one of the major factors inducing the biologically relevant conformation of SP. The negative surface charge of the membrane is also a key factor inducing both the binding of SP on the membrane and its biologically active structure.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.678-682
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• 1998

A strain of Streptomyces sp. SK-862, isolated from soil in Wonju city, was able to prodce a biologically active substance that has a strong inhibitory activity against proteolsis by trypsin. The inhyibitory substance was extracted by n-butanol, and then purified by the adsorption chromatography followed by the reverse-phase high performacne liquid chromatography. The purified substance was stable over the pH range from 2 to 10, but was unstable when treated at 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. This substance was soluble in water, methanol, ethanol nd butanol, but insoluble in chlorofrom and ethylacetate. The Rf value of the purified substance on the thin layer chromatography were 0.56 in n-butanol : methanol : water(5 : 3 : 1v/v) solvent system compare dto 0.23 in ethanol : ammonium hydoxide : water(8 : 1 : 1v/v) solvent system. This substance has maximum absorption at 259 nm. The chemical reaction of the substance was negative for sugar but positive for ninhydrine and iodine reaction.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.435-447
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• 1999

The localization of substance P(SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and three calcium binding proteins, calbindin D-28k(CB), calretinin(CR) and parvalbumin(PA) was immunohistochemically examined in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of Korean native goat duodenum. In the neurons of myenteric and submucous plexuses of duodenum, immunoreactivities of SP, CGRP and CB were confirmed in both nerve cell bodies and fibers. In contrast, CR immunoreactivity was found only in nerve fibers of myenteric plexuses, while PA immunoreactivity was found only in nerve cell bodies of submucous plexuses. In the inner circular muscle layer, dense SP-like immunoreactive fibers were prominent but only a few CGRP-like immunoreactivities were observed. Most of SP- and CGRP-like immunoreactive neurons of both plexuses colocalized with CB. This result showed that SP and CGRP may have a important role for the movement of small intestine. The colocalizations of CB with SP or CGRP in myenteric and submucous plexuses suggest that CB may serve neuromodulatory role for SP- and CGRP-immunoreacted neurons on the movement of intestinal wall.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

Substance P (SP) is known to be expressed in the nerve fibers of dental pulp and periodontal tissues. It was recently reported that SP expression increased in response to orthodontic force. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SP on expression of mineralization markers and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human immortalized periodontal ligament (IPDL) cells. Cell viability was measured using a 3,4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of mineralization markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. SP did not significantly change human IPDL cell viability, with the exception of the 24 hour treatment group. Treatment of human IPDL cells with $10^{-10}$ to $10^{-4}M$ SP upregulated mineralization marker and HO-1 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Our results suggest that SP may modulate osteoblastic cell differentiation of human IPDL cells through a mechanism involving HO-1 expression.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.270-276
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• 1999

Alteromonas sp. SR-14의 배양여액을 사용하여 C. calcitrans의 증식에 미치는 영향과 조류 증식저해 물질의 특성을 살펴보았다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14의 peptone broth 배양여액은 C. calcitrans에 대하여 증식 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, 이 균에 의한 조류 증식 저해 물질은 온도 $15~20^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0~9.0, 염분 농도 $23~30{\textperthousand}$의배양 조건에서 강한 활성으로 생성되었으며, 이러한 조건(온도 $20^{\circ}C$, pH 8.0, 염분 농도 $30\textperthousand$)에서는 정지기부터 활성이 증가하였다. Alteromonas sp. SR-14가 peptone broth에서 생산하는 조류 증식 저해 물질의 분자량은 약 3KDa~12KDa의 복합 물질이었는데, $100^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 열처리하였을 때 3~10KDa 이하의 물질은 내열성이 있었으나 10KDa 이상의 물질은 불활성 되었다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1998

A linear undecapeptide, Substance P (SP) is involved in a wide variety of physiological processes such as pain, inflammation, salivation, and hypertension. Tertiary structure of SP in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles has been investigated by CD, NMR spectroscopy, and DGII calculation. CD spectrum of SP in the presence of 7.5 mM DPC micelles does not show any favorable secondary structure. The tertiary structure determined by NMR spectroscopy and DGII calculation shows that the Phe7-Phr8-Gly9-Leu10 region adopts a turn structure, while the N-terminal region is quite flexible. Both prolines in SP exist preferentially as the trans isoforms and the aromatic ring of Phe7 protrudes outward. Conformation of SP may be restrained by the contact of the Phe7 aromatic ring with the hydrophobic side chains of the DPC micelles and this interaction induces a turn structure. Structure of SP in aqueous solution in the presence of DPC micelles can represent a good model to study the conformation recognized by the receptor near neutral membrane.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.681-684
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• 2001

농작물 종자의 발아를 억제하는 미생물, Pseudomonas sp. F721을 자연계로부터 분리 및 동정하였다. 그리고 식물성장 호르몬에 의하여 발아억제물질이 유도되어 생산됨이 밝혀졌다. 분리된 균주의 최적 배양조건을 검토한 결과, $35^{\circ}C$, pH 9.0, 15Orpm, 48 hr, substrate 0.5% (w/v), strain 1.0% (v/v)이었다. 발아억제의 정도는 종자의 종류에 따라 차이가 있었다. 발아억제물질의 물리${\cdot}$화학적 안정성 검토결과 pH 2.0${\sim}$12.0, $-20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$에서 대하여 안정성을 가지고 있었다. 발아억제 물질은 발아 초기에 대조 시험보다 약 90% 이상 발아를 억제하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2011

연구목적: 근관 치료를 전후로 근관 삼출액을 추출하여 MMP-8과 SP의 양을 측정하고 근관 치료에 따른 변화 및 이들간이 상관관계를 보는 것을 본 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 치수괴사, 혹은 이전 근관 치료 후 치근단 병소가 있어서 근관 치료가 예정된 35개의 치아를 대상으로 하였으며, 근관 치료 첫날, 2주 후, 4주 후 paper point를 이용하여 근관 삼출액을 채취하였다. MMP-8과 SP의 양은 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)를 이용하여 정량 하였다. 삼출액의 채취 시점에 따른 MMP-8, SP 양의 변화 및 환자의 통증 정도, 임상증상에 따른 MMP-8, SP의 변화는 mixed model을 이용하여 통계 분석하였으며 MMP-8과 SP의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficient를 구하여 분석하였다(p < 0.05). 결과: 근관치료가 진행됨에 따라 MMP-8, SP의 양은 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(p < 0.0001), 환자의 통증이나 타진검사 시 반응이 SP의 발현에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. MMP-8의 경우 SP와 미약한 양의 상관관계가 있었지만 환자의 증상이나 다른 임상검사와 상관관계가 발견되지 않았다. 결론: 본 실험에서 사용된 paper point를 이용한 근관 삼출액의 채취를 통하여 치근단 염증과정에서 발현되는 MMP-8, SP를 검출할 수 있었으며 특히 SP의 경우 환자의 증상과 보다 관련이 깊은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.376-395
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• 1996

The neuropeptide substance P(SP) has been recognized to modulate immune systems, with close proximity between peptidergic sensory nerve endings and immune cells. These include the macrophage and neutrophil activation, IL-2 production in T cell, augmentation of Ig synthesis, mast cell degranulation, $PGE_2$ and collagenase secretion in synoviocytes. In this study I examined SP-induced various biological activities such as antimicrobial action, cytokine production, and mast cell degranulation in the presence or absence of other inflammatory cell activators. Antimicrobial studies showed that undifferentiated HL-60 cells were not affected by SP. However, SP significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of TPA-treated or dbcAMP-treated HL-60 cells which had been differentiated into PMN or macrophage/monocyte. I could not find synergistic relationship between SP and LPS in parallel experiments of the above. SP did not induce IL-l production from murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 whether costimulated with LPS or not. Mast cell degranulation was occured only when stimulated with high dose ($10^{-5}M$) of SP and the degree of this activation was slightly reduced by simultaneous application of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. In addition, CGRP which is known to be a common coexisting neuropeptide with SP within specific fibers did not augment the function of SP on mast cell degranulation. These results suggest that immunoregulatory activities of SP could be mediated through direct upregulation of various functions of immune cells and also upregulation of responsiveness of immune cells to other immune activators.