• 제목/요약/키워드: Subsidence rate

검색결과 82건 처리시간 0.028초

A Surgical Option for Multilevel Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Ponte Osteotomy to Achieve Optimal Lumbar Lordosis and Sagittal Balance

  • Suh, Loo-Ree;Jo, Dae-Jean;Kim, Sung-Min;Lim, Young-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제52권4호
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    • pp.365-371
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    • 2012
  • Objective : To document lumbar lordosis (LL) of the spine and its change during surgeries with the different height but the same angle setting of the anterior cage. Additionally, we attempted to determine if sufficient LL is achieved at different cage heights and to quantify the change in LL during multi-level anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). Methods : The medical records and radiographs of 42 patients who underwent more than 2 level ALIFs between 2008 and 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated 3 parameters seen on lateral whole spine radiographs : LL, pelvic incidence (PI), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). The mean follow-up time was 28.1 months and the final follow-up radiographs of all patients were reviewed at least 2 years after surgery. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-tests. Results : Lumbar lordosis had changed up to 30 degrees immediately and 2 years after surgery (preoperative mean LL, SVA : 22.45 degrees, 112.31 mm; immediate postoperative mean LL, SVA : 54.45 degrees, 37.36 mm; final follow-up mean LL, SVA : 49.56 degrees, 26.95 mm). Our goal of LL is to obtain as much PI as possible, preoperative mean PI value was $55.38{\pm}3.35$. The pre-operative and two year post-surgery follow-up mean of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score were $9.2{\pm}0.6$ and $13.2{\pm}0.6$ (favorable outcome rate : 95%), respectively. In addition, we were able to obtain good clinical outcomes and sagittal balance with a subsidence rate of 22.7%. Conclusion : We were able to achieve sufficient LL, such that it was similar to the PI, utilizing multi-level ALIF with the use of a tall cage with the same angle setting of the cage. We have found out that achieving sufficient lumbar lordosis and sagittal balance require an anterior lumbar cage with high angle and height.

Experimental studies on stabilization techniques for ground over abandoned subsurface excavations

  • Pal Samir K.
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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    • pp.142-149
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    • 2003
  • Blind hydraulic backfilling is a commonly used technique for subsidence control of the strata over unapproachable waterlogged underground excavations. In this investigation model studies on all the three variants of this technique, namely, hydro-pneumatic or air-assisted gravity backfilling, pumped-slurry backfilling and simple gravity backfilling, have been carried out in fully transparent models of the underground excavations. On examination of the filling process, it was revealed that in all the three cases, the basic process of filling occurs by sand transport along one or more meandering channels. The relative influence of sand, water and air flow rates on the area of filling from a single inlet point and the hydraulic pressure loss per unit length were studied in details. In hydro-pneumatic backfilling process, the air bubbles while moving upward through the meandering channels provide an additional buoyant force over and above the available hydraulic head. In this way the area of filling from a single borehole may be quite large even at small flow rates of water. During actual field implementation the injected air, if not released completely from the rise side holes, may cause troubles by way of creating potholes on the surface. The pumped-slurry technique has shown its capability of filling a relatively larger area at faster rate, especially when high-volume, low-pressure method was selected. But simple gravity filling was also found to be equally effective method as slurry pumping, especially when flow rates were high. In the second and third method discussed above, examination of variations of injection pressure was also done and its relation with physical phenomenon was also attempted. Some empirical relationships were also developed using multivariate regression with a view to help the practicing engineers.

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감염 창상 치료에 있어 유리 피부 및 생골 피부편 이식 (Free Flap and Osteocutaneous Flap Transfer in the Treatment of Infected Wound)

  • 이광석;김상범;이대희;전우주;백종률
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2004
  • Purpose : We analyse retrospectively the clinical result of consecutive free flap and osteocutaneous flap transfer in the chronic osteomyelitis, nonunion combined with infection and soft tissue defect with infection. Materials and Methods : From December 1989 to Jun 2003, free flap and osteocutaneous flap transfer was performed in 225 patients with osteomyelitis or infected non-union. 44 cases of these patients had revealed antibitotics resistant organism in wound culture, and these 44 cases were investigated in the mechanism of the injury, recurrence of infection, radiographic union, follow-up clincal results, and postoperative complications. Results : Among the 44 cases, consecutive procedures of osteocutaneous flap transfers(26 cases) and free flaps(18 cases) were performed. Causative organisms were MRSA(20 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(18 cases), acinetobacter(2 cases), and so forth. Initial bony union was obtained in the average 6.3 months. Recurrence of infection in free flap and osteocutaneous free flap were occurred in 3 and 4 cases respectively. Eventually, all the cases attained successful subsidence of the inflammation. Conclusion : Free flap and osteocutaneousflap transfer have provided the greatest improvement of surgical results in infected non-union, chronic osteomyelitis and soft tissue defect with infection. Further clincal studies maybe required to minimize failure rate.

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우도응회과의 분출기기구와 분출과정 (Eruptive mechanisms and processes at Udo tuff cone, Udo Island, Korea)

  • Hwang, Sang-Koo
    • 암석학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.91-103
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    • 1992
  • Eruptive mechanisms and processes at Udo tuff cone can be inferred from indicative characters of products, bedforms and lithofacies, and ring faults. In terms of bedforms and lithofa-cies in particular, massive lapilli tuff beds and chaotic lapilli tuff beds are derived from subaerial falls of aggregated tephra of wet tephra finger jets, occurring dominantly at the lower sequences of proximal part at the tuff cone. Crudely stratified lapilli tuff are derived from subaerial falls of slightly aggregated tephra of less wet tephra finger jets, whereas reversely graded lapilli tuff beds are from slightly disaggregated subaerial falls of continuous uprush. Both beds frequently occur in the middle sequences at proximal and near medial part of the tuff cone. Block and lapilli tephra lenses, ash-coated lapilli tephra beds(lenses) and thin-bedded tuff beds are derived from extremely disaggregated subaerial falls of dry tephra in the continuous uprush, frequently occurring at the upper sequences of medial part at the tuff cone. Udo tuff cone is a basaltic volcano emergent through the sea water surface while water could flood across or into the vent area. Emergence of the tuff cone was from the type-Surtseyan eruption characterized by earlier tephra finger jets and later continuous uprush columns of tephra with copious volumes of steam. Explosions began when boiling of wter produced a bubble column reducing the hydrostatic pres-sure, allowing exsolution of gases from the magma. This expansion of magma into a vesiculating froth fragmented the magma and permitted mixing of magma and water so that a more vigorous generation of steam could proceed. Tephra finger jetting explosions continued to build the crater rims, then remove water from the vent that their deposits flowed like slsurries until the continuous uprush explosion ensued. Continuous uprush explosions were associated with most rapid accumula-tion of tephra. The increasing volume rate led to partial removal of water from the vent area by the newly tephra ring so that more vigorous activity could be attended by a reducing water supply. This might restrain surplus of cold water entering the vent and thus enhance the vigour of the eruption by allowing optimal heat exchange. Eventually the crater became so deep and unsuported that piecemeal sliding, or massive subsidence on indipping ring faults, filled and closed the vent, and the cycle of explosions and collapse began anew.

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암반공학분야에 적용된 인공지능 알고리즘 분석 (An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms Applied to Rock Engineering)

  • 김양균
    • 터널과지하공간
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.25-40
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    • 2021
  • 4차 산업혁명 시대의 도래에 따라 암반공학분야에서도 인공지능을 활용한 연구가 점차 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 인공지능에 대한 이해와 그 활용도를 더욱 증진시키기 위하여, 암반공학기술의 주된 적용대상인 터널, 발파, 광산과 관련된 최근의 국내외 연구 중 인공지능이 활용된 논문들에서 그 알고리즘의 종류와 적용방법을 분석하였다. 터널에서는 암반분류, TBM굴진율 및 막장전방 지질 예측, 발파에서는 암반의 파쇄도 및 비산거리, 광산에서는 폐광의 침하가능성 예측을 위해 주로 활용되고 있으며, 기계학습의 다양한 알고리즘 중 인공신경망이 압도적으로 많이 활용되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과의 정확도와 신뢰성 제고를 위해 사용하고자 하는 인공지능 알고리즘에 대한 정확하고 상세한 이해가 필수적이며, 현재는 접근이나 분석이 난해한 암반공학 분야의 다양한 문제해결을 위해 기계학습뿐 아니라 CNN 또는 RNN과 같은 딥러닝을 활용한 연구 아이디어들이 점차 증가될 것으로 기대된다.

Understanding the Current State of Deep Learning Application to Water-related Disaster Management in Developing Countries

  • Yusuff, Kareem Kola;Shiksa, Bastola;Park, Kidoo;Jung, Younghun
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.145-145
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    • 2022
  • Availability of abundant water resources data in developing countries is a great concern that has hindered the adoption of deep learning techniques (DL) for disaster prevention and mitigation. On the contrary, over the last two decades, a sizeable amount of DL publication in disaster management emanated from developed countries with efficient data management systems. To understand the current state of DL adoption for solving water-related disaster management in developing countries, an extensive bibliometric review coupled with a theory-based analysis of related research documents is conducted from 2003 - 2022 using Web of Science, Scopus, VOSviewer software and PRISMA model. Results show that four major disasters - pluvial / fluvial flooding, land subsidence, drought and snow avalanche are the most prevalent. Also, recurrent flash floods and landslides caused by irregular rainfall pattern, abundant freshwater and mountainous terrains made India the only developing country with an impressive DL adoption rate of 50% publication count, thereby setting the pace for other developing countries. Further analysis indicates that economically-disadvantaged countries will experience a delay in DL implementation based on their Human Development Index (HDI) because DL implementation is capital-intensive. COVID-19 among other factors is identified as a driver of DL. Although, the Long Short Term Model (LSTM) model is the most frequently used, but optimal model performance is not limited to a certain model. Each DL model performs based on defined modelling objectives. Furthermore, effect of input data size shows no clear relationship with model performance while final model deployment in solving disaster problems in real-life scenarios is lacking. Therefore, data augmentation and transfer learning are recommended to solve data management problems. Intensive research, training, innovation, deployment using cheap web-based servers, APIs and nature-based solutions are encouraged to enhance disaster preparedness.

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다중변수 순차층서 모델 개발을 통한 울릉분지 남서부 대륙주변부의 층서연구 (Muti-variable Sequence Stratigraphic Model and its Application to Shelf-Slope System of the Southwestern Ulleung Basin Margin)

  • 윤석훈;박세진;조성권
    • 한국석유지질학회지
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    • 제5권1_2호
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    • pp.36-47
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구에서는 기존 Exxon group의 순차층서 모델이 갖고 있는 적용의 한계성을 극복하기 위하여 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 제시하였다. 이 모델에서는 2~3차수의 주기성을 갖고 변화되는 범세계적 해수면 변동, 지구조운동, 퇴적물 공급 등의 영향요소를 모두 변수로 간주하며, 이들 요소에 의해 순차층의 내부구성과 경계면 타입이 결정된다. 순차층을 구성하는 기본 단위로 해석적 층서단위인 퇴적계 연합체(systems tract)대신, 내부 지층의 집적형태에 의해 구분되는 기술적 층서단위인 부순차층세트(parasequence set)를 채택하였으며, 부순차층세트의 타입은 상대적 해수면 변동과 퇴적물 공급속도의 변화를 반영한다. 따라서 본 순차층서 모델은, 네 가지 타입의 상대적 해수면 변동과 세 등급의 퇴적물 공급 변화 사이의 조합으로써 예상되는 단일 또는 $2{\~}4$개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 7가지 타입의 순차층을 보여준다. 다중변수 순차층서 모델을 울릉분지 남서부 대륙주변부에 적용한 결과, 순차층의 타입은 울릉분지의 형성과 닫힘에 따른 3단계의 분지주변부 지구조 운동의 변화를 잘 반영한다. 즉, 순차층을 구성하는 부순차층세트 조합의 변화와 울릉분지 지구조 운동의 타입과 속도가 시기적으로 일치 한다. 해저면의 급격한 침강을 동반한 울릉분지의 후열도 열개 동안에는 분지의 급격 한 침강으로 인해 상대적 인 해수면은 지속적으로 상승되었고, 많은 양의 퇴적물이 공급되어 1개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층이 형성되었다. 이후, 압축성 변형을 동반한 울릉분지의 닫힘 동안에는, 분지 침강이 느려지고 국지적으로 융기가 일어나 하강 또는 상승우세의 상대적 해수면 변동이 야기되었고, 또한 지구조적 요인에 의해 통제되는 퇴적물 집적속도의 지역적인 차이로 인하여 변형대와 비변형대에서 상이한 순차층이 형성되었다. 분지 닫힘단계 이후에는 다시 해저면이 전반적으로 침강되면서, 상승이 우세한 상대적 해수면 변동과 보통 또는 빠른 퇴적물 집적속도가 결합하여 2-3개의 부순차층세트로 구성된 순차층을 형성하였다.

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감압법을 이용한 가스 생산 시 하이드레이트 부존 퇴적층의 지반 안정성 및 가스 생산성에 대한 시추 공저압 및 감압 속도의 영향 (Effect of Bottom Hole Pressure and Depressurization Rate on Stability and Gas Productivity of Hydrate-bearing Sediments during Gas Production by Depressurization Method)

  • 김정태;강석준;이민형;조계춘
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2021
  • 선행 연구를 통해 우리나라 동해 울릉 분지에 천연가스 자원인 하이드레이트 부존 퇴적층의 존재가 확인되었다. 퇴적층에서 가스를 생산하기 위한 시도는 세계적으로 연구되고 있으며, 생산 메커니즘은 열-수리-역학적 현상이 동시에 발생하는 복합적인 현상이다. 하이드레이트의 생산성 및 안정성 평가는 실험실 규모로 수행되기에는 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 가스 하이드레이트의 생산성 및 퇴적층의 안정성 평가를 위해서는 전산 수치 해석이 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 이 연구에서는 여러 가지 가스 하이드레이트 생산 방법 중 감압법을 이용한 생산 시 목표 공저압 및 감압속도에 따른 하이드레이트 퇴적층의 안정성과 가스 생산성에 대한 영향을 전산 모사 해석을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 목표 공저압이 낮을수록 생산성은 향상되고 안정성은 악화되는 것을 확인하였고, 감압 속도는 가스 생산성 및 퇴적층의 안정성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 실제 시험 생산 시 발생할 수 있는 사질생산 현상에 대한 대응 전략 수립을 위해 감압 속도 조절에 따른 가스 생산성 및 퇴적층의 안정성 평가 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과 낮은 감압 속도에서 높은 감압 속도로 변경 시킬 경우 안정성 확보에 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 가스 생산 시 하이드레이트 해리로 인한 퇴적층의 침하가 발생하고 시추 생산정 하부에서는 압력 구배로 인해 지반 융기가 발생하는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통해 감압법을 활용한 가스 생산 시 목표 공저압 선정을 위해서는 생산성 및 안정성에 대한 고려가 동시에 수행되어야 하며, 지반 변위로 인해 생산 시추공에 발생하는 응력에 대한 고려도 필수로 수행되어야 한다는 결론을 얻었다.

울산시 북구 지역 터널 굴착에 의한 지표수계 및 지하수계 변화 분석 (Analyzing the Change of Surface Water and Groundwater Systems Caused by Tunnel Construction in Northern Ulsan City)

  • 전항탁;함세영;이충모;임우리;윤설민;박흥재
    • 지질공학
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.81-99
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    • 2018
  • 터널 굴착에 의한 다량의 지하수 배출 그리고 터널 굴착 작업은 지하수 고갈과 지반침하를 유발한다. 그러므로, 수리지질학적 방법 및 모델링에 의해서 터널 굴착과 관련하여 환경 영향을 평가하고 영향 저감대책을 수립하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 이 연구는 야외조사, 수질분석, 추적자시험 그리고 지하수 모델링을 통하여 터널 굴착에 의한 저수지와 계곡수의 고갈을 밝히기 위한 것이다. 현장 수질분석 결과, 터널내 배출 지하수의 화학성분의 농도는 계곡수의 화학성분의 농도보다 약간 더 높다. 실내 수질분석 결과, 계곡수와 배출 지하수의 수질형은 둘 다 $Ca^{2+}+HCO_3{^-}$형이다. 계곡의 주입지점과 터널 간의 1차 및 2차 추적자시험에 의하면 계곡수가 지하로 침투하여 터널로 배출되며, 전기전도도는 1차시험에서는 $70{\mu}S/cm$ 그리고 2차 시험에서는 $40{\mu}S/cm$로 나타났다. 지하수 모델링에 의하면, 터널 굴착 시 터널내로의 지하수 배출량은 $4,942m^3$/일이며, 터널 완공 후 3년이 경과하면 지하수위는 원래 상태로 회복되는 것으로 산정된다. 입자추적 모델링에 의하면, 터널에 가장 가까운 입자는 주입 후 6시간 만에 그리고 가장 먼 입자는 9시간만에 터널에 도달하는 것으로 산정되었으며, 이 결과는 야외 추적자시험 결과와 비슷하다.

Posterior Cervical Fixation with Nitinol Shape Memory Loop in the Anterior-Posterior Combined Approach for the Patients with Three Column Injury of the Cervical Spine: Preliminary Report

  • Yu, Dong-Kun;Heo, Dong-Hwa;Cho, Sung-Min;Choi, Jong-Hun;Sheen, Seung-Hun;Cho, Yong-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.303-307
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    • 2008
  • Objective: The authors reviewed clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with three column injury of the cervical spine who had undergone posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop in the anterior-posterior combined approach. Materials: Nine patients were surgically treated with anterior cervical fusion using an iliac bone graft and dynamic plate-screw system, and the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory loop ($Davydov^{TM}$) at the same time. A retrospective review was performed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Frankel grading method. We reviewed the radiological parameters such as bony fusion rate, height of iliac bone graft strut, graft subsidence, cervical lordotic angle, and instrument related complication. Results: Single-level fusion was performed in five patients, and two-level fusion in four. Solid bone fusion was presented in all cases after surgery. The mean height of graft strut was significantly decreased from $20.46{\pm}9.97mm$ at immediate postoperative state to $18.87{\pm}8.60mm$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). The mean cervical lordotic angle decreased from $13.83{\pm}11.84^{\circ}$ to $11.37{\pm}6.03^{\circ}$ at the immediate postoperative state but then, increased to $24.39{\pm}9.83^{\circ}$ at the final follow-up period (p<0.05). There were no instrument related complications. Conclusion: We suggest that the posterior cervical fixation using Nitinol shape memory alloy loop may be a simple and useful method, and be one of treatment options in anterior-posterior combined approach for the patients with the three column injury of the cervical spine.