• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.116-123
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze the strength of pressure hull of a small submarine. The pressure hull of a submarine has to withstand very large differential pressure between hydrostatic pressure in submarine operating depth and atmospheric pressure in inner space of a submarine. To do that, the pressure hull is generally ring-stiffened cylindrical shell under external pressure. In this situation, there are some foreseeable failure modes of the pressure hull such as shell yielding, axisymmetric shell buckling, asymmetric shell buckling, overall buckling and buckling of end closure. We calculated collapse pressures of these failure modes with approximation and empirical formulas. And, to analyze critical buckling pressure, we performed eigenvalue analysis with finite element method tools.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

The submarine is an underwater weapon system which covertly attacks the enemy. Pressure hull of a submarine is a main system which has to have a capacity which can improve the survivability (e.g., protection of crews) from the high pressure and air pollution by a leakage of water, a fire caused by outside shock, explosion, and/or operational errors. In addition, pressure hull should keep the functional performance under the harsh environment. In this study, optimal design of submarine pressure hull is dealt with 7 case studies done by analytic method and then each result's adequacy is verified by numerical method such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For the structural analysis by FEM, material non-linearity and geometric non-linearity are considered. After FEA, the results by analytic method and numerical method are compared. Weight optimized pressure hull initial scantling methods are suggested such as a ratio with shell thickness, flange width, web height and/or relations with radius, yield strength and design pressure (DP). The suggested initial scantling formulae can reduce the pressure hull weight from 6% and 19%.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2009

In designing and manufacturing a submarine, an expensive real mock up is usually built as a reference because of the spatial constraints of a submarine. This paper presents an integrated and automated design process for a submarine that uses a digital mock up. Various equipment libraries are built for feature based design. Using the developed digital mock up, this paper shows various ways to verify the design, including a space analysis to check for any interference between pieces of equipment and the hull and an ergonomic analysis using lifelike dummies to examine the work space and operability. As a part of the integrated design system, a design automation system was also developed to generate surface point data for the outer hull, pressure hull, casing, and sail. The whole process was applied to the design of a submarine for verification.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.378-386
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• 2017

In this paper, a method is presented for the optimal design of submarine pressure hull structures by taking advantage of genetic algorithm techniques. The objective functions and design constraints in the process of structural optimization are based on the ultimate limit states of hull structures. One of the benefits associated with the utilization of genetic algorithm is that the optimization process can be completed within short generations of design variables for the pressure hull structure model. Applied examples confirm that the proposed method is useful for the optimal design of submarine pressure hull structures. Details of the design procedure with applied examples are documented. The conclusions and insights obtained from the study are summarized.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.578-595
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• 2020

Submarine pressure hulls must withstand high hydraulic pressure and be free of defects. To improve the precision of defect detection, we herein examined different probes for optimal defect assessment by applying the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) method. Two sets of probe design parameters were selected by considering pressure hull characteristics and analyzed through modeling. PAUT probes were applied, and defect assessment results were compared based on ultrasonic signals of various simulated defects in specimens designed to be the same as actual pressure hulls. The final selected design parameters for the submarine probe, which were designed to minimize the grating lobe of wave interference effect and improve the ultrasonic resolution of pressure hull welds, were identified through the experiment. The improvement in the probe's ability to detect defects in a pressure hull was verified. Furthermore, the accuracy of defect length measurement was improved, enhancing the applicability of the technique.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2018

A submarine has a pressure hull that can withstand high hydraulic pressure and therefore, requires the use of highly advanced shipbuilding technology. When producing a pressure hull, periodic inspection, repair, and maintenance are conducted to maintain its soundness. Of the maintenance methods, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) is the most effective, because it does not damage the target but sustains its original form and function while inspecting internal and external defects. The NDT process to detect defects in the welded parts of the submarine is applied through Magnetic particle Testing (MT) to detect surface defects and Ultrasonic Testing (UT) and Radiography Testing (RT) to detect internal defects. In comparison with RT, UT encounters difficulties in distinguishing the types of defects, can yield different results depending on the skills of the inspector, and stores no inspection record. At the same time, the use of RT gives rise to issues related to worker safety due to radiation exposure. RT is also difficult to apply from the perspectives of the manufacturing of the submarine and economic feasibility. Therefore, in this study, the Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) method was applied to propose an inspection method that can address the above disadvantages by designing a probe to enhance the precision of detection of hull defects and the reliability of calculations of defect size.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.936-944
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• 2019

보이지 않는 힘으로도 불리는 잠수함은 수중에서 활동하는 은밀성을 장점으로 대함전, 대잠전 및 핵심표적 타격 등의 임무를 수행하는 전략 수중 무기 체계로 심해에서 높은 수압을 견디며 작전을 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 잠수함 압력 선체는 잠항 깊이에 상응하는 외부 수압에 저항하는 가장 중요한 체계로서 누수, 화재, 충격 및 폭발과 같은 위험으로부터 안전성을 확보함으로써 생존성을 높임과 동시에, 작전 수행 능력을 유지할 수 있게 해주는 강도를 확보하고 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 잠수함 압력 선체의 구조형상 설계가 초기에 수행되는 것이 합리적이다. 특히, 함미 원추부 구조물과 압력선체 평형부 및 함미 비압력선체를 연결하는 함미 트랜지션 링의 경우, 설계된 잠수함에 따라 다양한 형상을 띄고 있다. 본 구조물 설계를 위해서는 응력 흐름과 연결성을 고려한 설계뿐만 아니라 복잡한 형상이 기인한 구조물 제작 투입 시수 증가로 인한 원가 상승 또한 검토해야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 4가지 서로 다른 형상을 갖는 함미 트랜지션 링에 대해서 비선형 유한요소해석을 통한 구조 강도 검토와 더불어 함미 트랜지션 링 형상 복잡도에 따른 작업 일수 및 자재비 검토를 통해 경제성 측면에서의 적정성 검토를 수행하였으며, 검토된 4가지 형상 중 가장 합리적인 잠수함 함미 트랜지션 링 형상을 제안하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2010

Submarine and deep sea diving structures are generally designed based on their ultimate strength. Fatigue strength at welded joint must be also taken into account because working stress is increased due to the increasing of diving depth and using high yield steel. The pressure hulls of submarine are subjected to fluctuating compressive loading. But in addition to the calculated stresses, high residual tensile stresses at welded part have to be considered. The state of stress level of pressure hull is tensile at surface and compressive at deep diving depth. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the crack initiation and growth at the weld toe of T welded joints of HY-100 steel plate under constant amplitude loading. It is also investigated the phenomenon of the fatigue failure and test methods. Fatigue tests have been using real scaled local structural models of full penetration T-welded joint, which is a part of the cylindrical shell structures reinforced by ring stiffeners. Several load ratios under constant amplitude loading are considered in the tests. Crack initiation and growth characteristics are examined based on the beach marks of the cracked section of the test specimens. A design stress-life curve including the design formula is suggested according to tested data.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2011

This study aims to optimize an arrangement of ship compartments with knowledge-based systems. Though great attention has been shown to the optimization of hull forms in recent years, the study on arrangement design optimization has received relatively little attention. A ship is both an engineering system and a kind of assembly of many spaces. This means that, to design an arrangement of ship compartments, it is necessary to treat not only geometric data but also knowledge on topological relations between spaces and components of a ship. In this regard, we select a suitable knowledge representation scheme for describing ship compartments and their relations, and then develop a knowledge-based system using expert system shell. This new approach is applied to create design variations for optimization on an arrangement of a pressure hull of a submerged vehicle. Finally, we explicate how our approach improves the design process.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2014

This paper proposed an application of expert system to submarine arrangement design. Since all components of the submarine should be placed in a restricted place called pressure hull, expert knowledge has great effects on design of submarine arrangement. In this regard, a suitable knowledge-based expert system shell was applied to design of submarine arrangement process. To use expert system on the design of submarine arrangement effectively, a template model for submarine arrangement, which is proper to use in optimum design process, was developed. The proposed system was applied to simplified example of submarine arrangement problem to choose optimal design alternative. From this study, it was verified that expert system could be used in design of submarine arrangement with effect.