• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2014

In this paper we analyzed the search patterns for the anti-submarine warfare (ASW) surface ships cooperating with ASW helicopters. For this purpose, we modeled evasive motion of a submarine with a probabilistic method. And maneuvers and search actions of ships and helicopters participating in the anti-submarine search mission are designed. And for each simulation scenario, the case where a ship and a helicopter searches a submarine independently according to its optimized search pattern is compared with the case where the search platforms participate in the ASW mission cooperatively. Based on the simulation results, we proposed the reconfigured search patterns that help cooperative ASW surface ships increase the total cumulative detection probability (CDP).

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.3 s.70
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

Three-dimensional information of submarine topography was acquired by assembling DGPS and Echo Sounder, which is mainly used in the marine survey. However, the features of submarine topography, derived according to mechanical data, were confirmed using human eyes. Because the dredging capacity using a submarine surveying data influences harbor public affairs, analysis and the process method of surveying data is a very special element in construction costs. In this study, information on submarine topography is acquired by assembling DGPS and Echo Sounder. Moreover, the dredging capacity in harbor public affairs has been analyzed by the interpolation method: inverse distance to a power, kriging, minimum curvature, nearest neighbor, and radial basis function. Also, utilization of DGPS and Echo Sounder method in calculation of the dredging capacity have been confirmed by comparing and analyzing the dredging capacity and the actual one, as per each interpolation. According to this comparison result, in the case of applying Radial basis function interpolation and Kriging, 3.94 % and 4.61 % of error rates have been shown, respectively. In the case of the study for application of the proper interpolation, as per characteristics of submarine topography, is preceded in calculation of the dredging capacity relevant to harbor public affairs, it is expected that more speedy and correct calculation for the dredging capacity can be made.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

Conventional submarine propulsion batteries have mainly used lead acid batteries, which have proved relatively safe, but in recent years, research on mounting lithium-ion batteries to improve the underwater operation capability of submarines is underway in advanced countries such as Japan. Korea has world-class technology in the development of electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries for energy storage, but fire safety accidents continue to occur in electric vehicles and energy storage lithium-ion batteries. In order to mount the lithium-ion battery in a submarine, it is necessary to check the safety as well as whether the performance is improved compared to the lead acid battery. Through the charge/discharge experiment of this lithium-ion battery module unit, it was possible to measure how much performance was improved compared to the lead acid battery. Safety tests were conducted on the lithium-ion battery module assuming that it was mounted on a submarine, and it was confirmed that safety was secured when applied to a submarine. Since many modules are mounted on actual submarines, it has been confirmed that it can be applied to submarine systems by simulating charge/discharge characteristics through Hardware-in-the Loop(HILS). Through the results of this study, the application of lithium-ion batteries to submarines is expected to significantly improve the sustainability of underwater operations.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2024

Offshore wind power is increasingly regarded as a viable solution for reducing greenhous emissions due to the construction of wind farms and their superior power generation efficiency. Submarine power cables play a crucial role in transmitting the electricity generated offshore to land. To monitor cables and identify points of failure, analyzing the location or depth of burial of submarine cables is necessary. This study reviewed the technology and research for detecting submarine power cables, which were categorized into seismic/acoustic, electromagnetic, and magnetic exploration. Seismic/acoustic waves are primarily used for detecting submarine power cables by installing equipment on ships. Electromagnetic and magnetic exploration detects cables by installing equipment on unmanned underwater vehicles, including autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) and remotely operated vihicles (ROV). This study serves as a foundational resource in the field of submarine power cable detection.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2024

Due to the continuously increasing global demand for electricity, the demand for high-voltage submarine cables is also increasing. One of the issues that need to be addressed for submarine cables is the high production cost and expensive laying costs. Submarine cables exposed to the marine environment encounter external forces such as wave and current, leading to issues such as cable damage due to external factors or high maintenance costs in the event of an accident. Therefore, we are preparing for the uncertainty of the submarine environment through many protective materials and protective equipment. In this study, we examined the bending performance of piggyback clamps (PBC) and strap, which are representative protective equipment, in response to the submarine environment through analytical methods. To examine the structural performance of PBC, the bending performance were assessed under the maximum bending moment criterion of 15 kN·m for the flexible protection tube. As a result, it was confirmed that the structural performance regarding the bending moment of both PBC and straps was ensured.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.936-944
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• 2019

Submarines, which have been called an invisible force, are strategic underwater weapon systems that perform missions such as anti-surface warfare, anti-submarine warfare, and high payoff target strikes with the advantage of underwater covertness. A submarine should be able to withstand the hydrostatic pressure of the deep sea. In this respect, the submarine pressure hull, as the main structural system to resist the external pressure corresponding to the submerged depth, should ensure the survivability from hazards and threats such as leakage, fires, shock, explosion, etc. To do this, the initial scantling of the submarine pressure hull must be calculated appropriately in the concept design phase. The shape of the aft transition ring varies according to its connection with the submarine aft end conical structure, pressure hull cylindrical part, and non-pressure hull of the submarine; the design of the aft transition ring should not only take into account stress flow and connectivity but also the cost increase due to the increased man-hours of its complex geometry. Therefore, trade-off studies based on the four different shapes of the aft transition ring are carried out considering both the review of the structural strength through nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) and economic feasibility by reviewing the estimations of the manufacturing working days and material costs. Finally, the most rational structural aft transition ring shape for a submarine amongst four reviewed types was proposed.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

The arrangement design of a submarine has been performed based on data of parent ships and experts' experiences. To support such a task, it is necessary to accumulate and use systematically the data, and to optimize the task. The expert system for the first issue and the optimization method for the latter issue can be used. At this time, a suitable data structure to share the data on the arrangement design of the submarine should be used. In this study, the data structure named an arrangement template model (ATM) is proposed. To check the applicability of the ATM, a prototype program which consists of the expert system and the optimization method is developed. Finally, the developed program is applied to a small submarine of US Navy. As a result, it is confirmed that the ATM can be used to share the data between the expert system and the optimization method.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

This paper describes and explains that the engagement level model of submarine can be used in underwater engagement simulation taking reuse, interoperability, and extension to the engineering leveled simulation into consideration. WBS(Work Break-down Structure), internal data interface, and I/O data about the engagement level model of submarine are developed. It describes the modeling method of components of submarine model as well. In this paper, the non-acoustic detection and stealth models are excluded because those models are not related to the underwater engagement, so the excluded models need to be developed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.333-341
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• 2012

Modeling and simulation is important for military training. People can feel perspective when stereoscope images are created using multi-channel visualizations. A submarine oscillates when the submarine is just below the surface of the sea, so that the reconnaissance becomes difficult. Also, the operator should read the information of the target within 6 seconds using the periscope. The operator must have experience. To solve these problems, stereoscopic multi-channel visualization has been tested. The iCAVE system of KAIST provides a large-scale screen, 7 PCs, and 14 projectors to create the stereoscope images. To simulate the motion of a submarine just below the ocean surface, a 4-DOF motion platform is used. The motion data is transmitted to the visual system and the motion platform through the UDP protocol. Variety of weather conditions are created using the Vega Prime software. The stereoscopic multi-channel visualization and the motion platform system created a realistic simulation system.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

In 2006, Jeju Island in South Korea experienced a crisis, no electricity for three hours anywhere in the entire island. This incident was caused by a domino effect that occurred after one of the submarine power cables connecting the island to Haenam, a coastal city on the mainland, was damaged by an external load, probably from a ship anchor or a steel pile being used in marine farming. This study presents a collision analysis of a new submarine power cable protector called arch type reinforced concrete. For the analysis, a dynamic finite element program, ANSYS AUTODYN, was used to examine the displacement and stress of the submarine power cable protector using different material models (RHT concrete model, Mohr.Coulomb concrete model). In addition, two reinforcing bar spacings, 75 mm and 150 mm, were considered. From the analyses, the effects of the parameters (concrete model and spacing) on the results (displacement and stress) were analyzed, and the relations between the damage and parameters were found.