• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.447-463
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• 2001

Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide(DNP)는 Dendroaspis angusticeps의 뱀독으로부터 추출된 natriuretic peptide의 새로운 일원으로서, 사람의 혈장과 심방 근육에 존재하고 실험동물에서 혈관확장과 이뇨작용을 나타내는 것으로 알려져있다. 그러나 아직까지 심장 이외의 다른 기관내에 DNP가 존재하는지 또한 이들이 현재까지 알려진 기능 이 외의 또다른 생리적 기능을 나타내는 지의 여부는 아직 확실하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 타액전 내에서 DNP의 기능을 규명하기 위한 전단계로, 먼저 흰쥐의 타액선내에 DNP가 존재하는지를 면역조직화학법을 이용하여 알아보았고 또한 DNP의 수용체가 타액전 또는 구강점막내에 존재하는 지의 여부를 생체외 방사선자기법을 이용하여 알아보았다. DNP의 면역반응은 악하선과 설하선 및 이하선에서 주로 도관부위에서 관찰되었고, 선포부위에서는 관찰되지 않았다. atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)의 면역반응 역시 악하선과 설하선 및 이하선에서 DNP 면역반응과 유사하게 주로 도관부위에서 관찰되었다. DNP에 특이한 수용체가 타액선에는 저밀도로 존재한 반면 경구개와 혀 점막상피부위에서는 고밀도로 존재하였다. 경구개와 혀 점막상피부위의 DNP수용체는 주로 상피의 기저층과 기저층에 인접한 유극세포층에 국한되어 존재하는 것을 미세방사선자기법을 통하여 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 DNP가 타액선과 구강점막 부위에서 어떠한 생리적 기능을 나타낼 것으로 여겨지는데, 특히 구강점막 부위에서는 점막상피세포의 성장과 성숙과정에 관여하리라 추정된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.161.1-161.1
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• 1990

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.695-699
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• 1996

This experiment was to determine the effect of sialoadenectomy on the ability of the mammary gland development to response to ovarian steroids, estrogen and progesterone, stimulus in vivo. Body weights did not differ between sham-operated and sialoadenectomized mice within 0 to 18 day estradiol + progesterone (E + P) injection (p > 0.05). Sialoadenectomy reduced mammary development scores from 4.6 to 3.9 or from 4.4 to 3.8 in comparison with those of sham-operated mice for the 12 or 18 day E + P injection ($P{\leq}0.05$), however, sialoadenectomized mice with 0, 1, 3 or 6 day of E + P injection slightly decreased mammary development scores relative to those of sham-operated mice. These results indicate that the endocrine factor secreted from submandibular salivary gland appears to be required for the mammary development to respond fully to estradiol and progesterone. Similar results were obtained in the measurement of mammary DNA contents. Mammary DNA contents of sialoadenectomized mice were significantly decreased relative to those of sham-operated mice for the 6, 12 or 18 day E + P injections. Overall results suggest that salivary gland-secreted endocrine factor, presumably epidermal growth factor (EGF), was mammogenic and should interact with ovarian steroids in mammary development.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the microscopic change of salivary gland tissues, which is the cause of xerostomia in diabetic condition: for this target the author injected STZ 0.1ml/100gm b.w. on rat to produce diabetes, and than observed microscopic change in submandibular gland through the histopathologic method, obtaining as follows : 1. All of the experimental specimens suffered diabetes after injection of STZ, but the blood glucose level was irregular. 2. There were not interrelationship between the blood glucose level and microscopic change on salivary gland tissues. 3. The salivary gland changed after diabetes initiation in lapse of times; after 14 days,suffered severe destruction, however after 17 days, it was regenerated. 4. Salivary glands showed congested, destructive acini cells, and hyperplastic ductal cells as well as salivary gland duct-like structures. 5. Then were accumulation of fat granules within the cytoplasm of the acini cells on mucous gland in diabetic condition. 6. According to insulin injection, there were no more changes on salivary gland tissues, even in the accumulation of fat granules. 7. Histological changes of the serous gland were obvious more than the mucous gland in this experimental condition.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2000

The authors analyzed retrospectively the 36 patients with malignant salivary gland tumors who were treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from February, 1989 to September, 1997. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were 14 males(38.9%) and 22 females(61.1%). The peak age of patients with major salivary gland tumors was the 6th decade, but with minor salivary gland was the 5th decade. 2. Of all salivary gland tumors, 5 cases arose in the parotid glands, 2 cases in the submanibular glands, 1 case in the sublingual gland and 28 cases in the minor salivary glands. 3. The incidence according to the anatomic primary site for minor salivary glands was 15 cases in the palate, 5 in the floor of mouth and 2 cases each arising in the tongue, lip, retromolar area and buccal mucosa. 4. Of all salivary gland tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma was 5 cases in the major salivary glands and 8 in the minor salivary glands. mucoepidermoid carcinoma was 2 cases in the major salivary glands and 14 in the minor salivary glands and others were 2 cases of adenocarcinoma, 4 malignant mixed tumors and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma. 5. The incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis was 100%(2/2) in the submandibular glands, 80%(4/5) in the floor of mouth, 50%(1/2) in the tongue and 20%(1/5) in the parotid glands. The highest incidence of lymph node metastasis according to histopathological classfication was found in the high grade of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma. 6. Nerve invasion was common in the adenoid cystic carcinoma. 7. The lung was the commonest site for distant metastasis comprising 7 cases among 7 cases in which distant spread occurred.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Purpose: Salivary fluid formation is primarily driven by Ca2+-activated, apical efflux of chloride into the lumen of the salivary acinus. The anoctamin1 protein is an anion channel with properties resembling the endogenous calcium-activated chloride channels. In order to better understand the role of anoctamin proteins in salivary exocrine secretion, the expression of the ten members of the anoctamin gene family in the mouse submandibular gland was studied. Methods: Total RNA extracted from mouse submandibular salivary glands was reverse transcribed using primer pairs to amplify the full-length coding regions of each anoctamin gene and was subcloned into plasmid vectors for DNA sequencing. Alternative splice variants were also screened by polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs that amplified six overlapping regions of the complementary DNA of each anoctamin gene, spanning multiple exons. Results: Multiple anoctamin transcripts were found in the mouse submandibular salivary gland, including full-length transcripts of anoctamin1, anoctamin3, anoctamin4, anoctamin5, anoctamin6, anoctamin9, and anoctamin10. Exon-skipping splicing in the N-terminal exons of the anoctamins1, anoctamin5, and anoctamin6 genes resulted in multiple alternative splice variants. No expression of anoctamin2, anoctamin7, or anoctamin8 was found. Conclusions: The predominant anoctamin transcript expressed in the mouse submandibular gland is anoctamin1ac. The chloride channel protein produced by anoctamin1ac is likely responsible for the $Ca^{2+}$-activated chloride efflux, which is the rate-limiting step in salivary exocrine secretion.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : This study reports our clinicopathological experiences of major salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods : This study included 302 patients with major salivary gland tumors who had got the diagnosis from January 1995 through December 2004. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : We found 244 benign and 58 malignant major salivary gland tumors. Among 267 parotid tumors, the most common benign parotid tumor was pleomorphic adenoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma were three most common parotid malignancies. Among 33 submandibular gland tumors, 20 cases were benign and 13 were malignant. There were one benign and one malignant sublingual gland tumors. The duration of symptom of submandibular gland tumors was longer than that of parotid tumors. Most patients presented with asymptomatic mass. Seventy-one percent of salivary gland malignancies underwent postoperative radiation therapy. Five-year disease free survival rate of parotid malignant tumors seemed to be higher than that of submandibular one, although there was no statistical significance. Conclusion : Malignancy rate of each salivary gland followed old axiom that it is inversely related with the size of gland. Submandibular gland tumor tends to be delayed to reach diagnosis. Clinicians must be alert about this finding because submandibular gland tumors are known to have poorer prognosis than parotid tumors.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Purpose : To investigate clusterin expression in the acini and ductal cells of rat submandibular glands after Co-60 gamma irradiation. Materials and Methods : The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 gm were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was irradiated with a single absorbed dose of 2, 5, 10, and 15 Gy on the head and neck region. All the rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after irradiation. The specimens including the submandibular gland were sectioned and observed using a immunohistochemical method. Results : In the 2 Gy group, clusterin expression was similar to that of the control group at 1 day after irradiation and it was observed in the striated ductal cells at 3 days after irradiation. In the 5 Gy group, clusterin expression was observed in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation and gradually increased in the 10 and 15 Gy groups. In the 15 Gy group, clusterin expression was prominent in the striated ductal cells at 1 day after irradiation, but it gradually decreased with the experimental period. The destruction of the striated ductal cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 21 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 7 days after irradiation. The destruction of the acinar cells was observed in the 2 Gy group at 28 days after irradiation and in the 5, 10, and 15 Gy groups at 14 days after irradiation. Conclusion : Clusterin expression was induced by low doses of irradiation and it appeared to be involved in the regulation of cellular response to irradiation.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the absorbed dose and to calculate the effective dose for full-mouth periapical radiography using the portable dental x-ray machine and panoramic radiography Material and Method: Thermoluminescent chips were placed at 25sites throughout the layers of the head and neck of a tissue-equivalent human skull phantom. The man phantom was exposed with the portable dental x-ray machine and panoramic unit. During full-mouth periapical radiography the exposure setting was 60 kVp, 2 mA and 0.15 ~ 0.25 seconds, while during panoramic radiography the selected exposure setting was 72 kVp, 8 mA and 18 seconds. Absorbed dose measurements were obtained and equivalent doses to individual organs were summed using ICRP 103 to calculate of effective dose. Result: In the full-mouth periapical radiography, the highest absorbed dose was recorded at the mandible body follow with submandibular glands and cheek. Using panoramic unit, the highest absorbed dose was parotid glands and the following was back of neck and submandibular glands. The effective dose in full-mouth periapical radiography using portable dental x-ray machine was 46 ${\mu}Sv$. In panoramic radiography, the effective dose was 38 ${\mu}pSv$. Conclusion: It was recommended to panoramic radiography for general check in the head and neck area because that the effect dose in the panoramic radiography was lower than the dose in the full-mouth periapical radiography using portable dental x-ray machine.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2012

Introduction: Sialolithes are initiated by localized deposition of calcified material in the salivary glands. And that may even cause various symptom especially swelling and pain. This study purposes to collect statistical data of sialolithiasis for clinical analysis. Materials and Methods: Among forty seven patients who have visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital during 2004-2009, patients' age, sex, location and size of stone, radiodensity of stone, symptom, surgical procedure were investigated. Statistical correlation between size, location, symptom was evaluated. Chemical composition was analyzed for 3 sialolithes. Results: The average age was 41.4 years. Sialolithiasis had slight female predilection (57.4%). Most cases occurred in the submandibular glands (91.5%). And most cases had radiopaque features (95.8%). The average size was 7.17 mm. The most frequent location of the stones were the duct orifice and the submandibular gland hilum (16 cases in each), followed by the middle part of the duct (n=8), the intraglandular area (n=4), and the proximal part of the duct (n=3). Eleven cases were asymptomatic. Thirty six cases had complaints of pain, swelling, hardness, and decrease in saliva flow (multiple symptoms). Various methods of surgery was performed. Two cases were self-removed. Thirty seven cases underwent procedure involving stone removal alone. Six cases underwent gland extirpation, and two cases underwent ductoplasty. Conclusion: There was no statistical correlation between size, location, and symptoms. Sialolith was composed of Ca (58.5-69.3%), P (30.7-35.7%), organic material, and trace inorganic material.