• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.37-50
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• 2004

Objective : In this study, we investigated the effects of Hwangryunhaedoktang Herbal-acupuncture(HHT) at a acupoint, $G_{21}$(Kyonjong) on the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adults, as well as we tried to observe how HHT affects on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : The subject were comprised of 20 healthy adults, who didn't take any drugs which affected on the autonomic nervous system and had normal sinus rhythm in electrocardiogram. The control group was comprised of 9 subjects, who were injected normal saline at $G_{21}$(Kyonjong). The experiment group consisted of 10 subjects, who were injected HHT at $G_{21}$(Kyonjong). We measured HRV by CANS 3000 on three times : before, immediately after, and 20 minutes after injection. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the date and the Wilcoxon signed rank test (in group) and Mann-Whitney U-test(between two groups) were used to verify the results. Results : The following results were obtained ; 1. In each group, Mean-HRV and Mean-RR showed a significant change during 20 minutes after injection. But there were no significant difference between two groups(p>0.05). 2. In experiment group, 20 minutes after injection, norm LF and LHR showed a significant decrease and norm HF showed a significant increase. There were significant difference between two groups(p<0.05). Conclusions : The findings suggest that HHT at $G_{21}$(Kyonjong) in adults relatively activate parasympathetic nervous system and inactivate sympathetic nervous system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.71-74
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• 1983

The problems of the continuity of homomorphisms between Banach algebras have been studied widely for the last two decades to obtain various fruitful results, yet it is far from characterizing the calss of Banach algebras for which each homomorphism from a member of the class into a Banach algebra is conitnuous. For commutative Banach algebras A and B a simple proof shows that every homomorphism .theta. from A into B is continuous provided that B is semi-simple, however, with a non semi-simple Banach algebra B examples of discontinuous homomorphisms from C(K) into B have been constructed by Dales [6] and Esterle [7]. For non commutative Banach algebras the problems of automatic continuity of homomorphisms seem to be much more difficult. Many positive results and open questions related to this subject may be found in [1], [3], [5] and [8], in particular most recent development can be found in the Lecture Note which contains [1]. It is well-known that a$^{*}$-isomorphism from a $C^{*}$-algebra into another $C^{*}$-algebra is an isometry, and an isomorphism of a Banach algebra into a $C^{*}$-algebra with self-adjoint range is continuous. But a$^{*}$-isomorphism from a $C^{*}$-algebra into an involutive Banach algebra is norm increasing [9], and one can not expect each of such isomorphisms to be continuous. In this note we discuss an isomorphism from a commutative $C^{*}$-algebra into a commutative Banach algebra with dense range via separating space. It is shown that such an isomorphism .theta. : A.rarw.B is conitnuous and maps A onto B is B is semi-simple, discontinuous if B is not semi-simple.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.107-125
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• 1983

This study aimed to clarify the attitude toward marriage, mate selection and sexual consciousness of japanese unmarried women students whom are believed in drastic change in a overall social value system and norm due to the introduction of western civilization, so as to provide some information of the same subject of our young women in similar situation. Survey was carried out for 177 unmarried Japanese women students of 3 Universities located in Osaka prefecture situation. Data were collected by means of Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS BATCH SYSTEM. Result are as follows; 1) Pattern of mate selection- An increasing tendency of love match is recognized 2) Attitude to marriage-94.0% of correspondences want to marry and proper age of marriage, they think, is between 22-25 years. 3) Love-marriage relation- most correspondences answered that love is a prior condition for marriage, however, 32.8% of correspondences think, love can be built after the marriage. 4) Dating- most correspondences want free dating, however, they fell that they are lacking for opportunity and they are not confident in the selection of proper mate. 5) Premarital sexual intercourse-most correspondences show a very generous attitude toward premarital sexual intercourse if they are in love and this attitude becomes more remarkable among love match makers. 6) Equality of sexes-most correspondences answered that as women are different in physiological function from men, distinctive social roles of both sexes and the inequality of sexes are inevitable.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate relationship between each pattern identification and heart rate variability(HRV) indices. We analyzed 201 subjects who participated in stroke check up. We classified the subjects into four groups of pattern identifications; Fire-Heat pattern(FH), Yin Deficiency pattern(YD), Qi Deficiency pattern(QD) and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(DP) that based on Korean Standard Pattern Identifications for Stroke-III. We investigated significance of HRV indices between each pattern identification and heart rate variability indices. The total number of the subject group was 201, whereas the groups were divided into four groups; Fire-Heat pattern group(n=47), Yin Deficiency pattern(n=65), Qi Deficiency pattern(n=33), and Dampness-Phlegm pattern(n=56). SDNN, TP, Ln(TP), VLF, Ln(VLF), LF, Ln(LF) and HF were significantly higher in the Fire-Heat pattern(FH) group than other groups of pattern identifications, but there was no differences among the Yin Deficiency group, the Qi Deficiency group and the Dampness-Phlegm group. Ln(HF), LF(NORM), HF(NORM) and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher in the Fire-Heat group than in the Qi Deficiency group. However, there was no significant differences among the Dampness-Phlegm group, the Yin Deficiency group, Fire-Heat group and the Qi Deficiency group. Through this study, we found out some significant relationships between each pattern identification group and HRV indices. The result of this study demonstrates that sympathetic nerve was more active in the Fire-Heat group than other groups.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.195-215
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• 2010

Alberti's De re aedificatoria is the earliest case in the history of Italian Renaissance architectural treatises dealing with recovery of antiquity through textual and archaeological pursuits. The key source of the Renaissance theoreticians was Vitruvius' De architectura. However, Alberti was keenly aware of inaccuracy and Hellenization of Latinity in this classical text, and tried to compensate them in his own treatise. Furthermore he claimed a reformed discipline of the architects as well as the patrons, and prescribed how future buildings and cities should be built, based on the proper authority of ancient architecture in proper and intelligible Latin. Such an adaptation of classical usage in order to reestablish a modern norm preceded in his earlier work Momus, a satire on the contemporary Italian society of his own by following the model of Lucian. Alberti's suggestion of proper government in Momus's phrase was expanded in De re aedificatoria, for he consider the buildings are subject to the rules of morality and public interests. He proclaimed that the nature of beauty is the reasoned harmony of every part within a body, and architectural beauty also lies on the harmonized arrangement of all the elements within an individual building and of all individual buildings and facilities within a city. For the architects to execute this task, he formulated the concept of lineanenta, the form derived from the mind in order to prescribe the proper place, numbers, scale, and orders for whole building structure. It is the future oriented city-plans and building designs to serve the public interest and the good of all the individual citizens who make up the City-State that Alberti pursued in his treatise.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-105
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• 1992

the purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic daa for park management proposal through the quantitative analysis of users' behaviours and satisfaction for the actual conditions of management in Chonju neiborhood parks. For this, users' behaviors and socio-ecnomic characteristics have been anlyzed. Specificaly, it atempts to investigate users' anticipation and degree of satisfaction applied Expectancy Theory by Likert scale. And users' satisfaction for the actual conditions of management had been analyzed by using the multiple regression. Results of this study can be summarized as follow; From the aspect of utilization reality, the male usage was slightly higher than female usage, and the usage rate among the young and students such as high school students or university students also appeared slightly higher than the norm. Due to the fact, subject park had been neighborhood parks, walking usage was predominant, and the length of stay to be less than an hour. Generally, the values of users' post occupancy evaluation were lower than those of anticipated, in well known parks. In landscape satisfaction level, the parks with harmonious visual element had high landscape evaluation, and each category showed diversity depending on the park. Seasonableness, formation of physical elements, visual uniqueness, cozy atmosphere appeared as main explicatory variables having positive effects on the satisfaction level for the landscape. According to the multiple regression analysis, the major variables to the satisfaction for the actual condition of vegetation managements were harmony with facilities, recovery of artificial injury. In the park facilities and operation, the major variables related to the satisfaction were conditions of management of rest equip, facilities and guidance of use, observe the rules, respectively.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2018

This research attempted to identify the factors associated with the intention of human papilloma virus vaccination among mothers of elementary school daughters. The subject of study is 132 mothers of elementary school students. Data collection was conducted from July 1 to August 30 in 2017, and analyzed using SPSS 23.0 Program. Results showed that 94.7% children of the participants had not been vaccinated, whose reasons were the low knowledge about HPV vaccination, concerns about its side effects, burden for cost. The attitude toward HPV vaccination appeared to be the most important predictor of vaccination, which was followed by perceived behavior control and subjective norm as meaningful predictors, as well. Based on these results, further researches should be conducted to develop educational programs, which are able to offer exact information about the effect and side effect of HPV vaccination, and verify the effectiveness.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.102-120
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• 2002

The purpose of study is to understand human-technology integration mechanism by using the study model that takes the core concept and motivation assumptions of technology acceptance model(TAM) into account. This study identifies three motivation mechanisms in adopting or using computer mediated communication(CMC) tool for work. The mechanism comprises with extrinsic, extrinsic motivation, and subjective norm pressure. One hospital with 430 beds and 367 human power was identified and we administered the questionnaire during their work hours. There is 32.4% response rate. The fitting index of the study model surpass the acceptable level, GFI = .980 for none-users, GFI =.986 for users, NNFI = .973 for none-users, and NNFI = .989 for users. In the case of none-users, perceived ease of use determines perceived usefulness that explains behavioral intention to use. As a result, adotpers' usage motivation is based on extrinsic motivation that does not consider their affective factor, attitude, in use of CMC. Users considers their attitudes as the mediating factor of all behavioral beliefs for using CMC continually. Thus, users are likely to depend their adoption behaviors on their affective factor. Moreover, users' behavioral intention is subject to pressures of use from other persons who are important to them, such as supervisor, director, or boss. Achieving human-technology integration in a hospital may cause cost saving and work efficiency. However, the success of information system should base on a profound understanding of employees' adoption behaviors in rejecting, adopting, using, continually using of IT, and organization culture in using IT.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.356-368
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify determinants of exercise behavior 2) to determine theoretical frameworks that were used in other research 3) to investigate the limitations of exercise research. seventy six research papers, published between 1984-1999, were selected by searching Medline for this study. Research subjects, determinants of exercise behavior, exercise measurement, the design of studies, statistical method and theoretical background were examined. The results are as follows. 1. On the research subjects, most research papers studied healthy adults. 2. Thirteen variables were identified that were used more than 5 times in various researches were self efficacy, barrier, social support, benefit, physiological characteristics, habit, personality, intention, health status, motivation, subjective norm, attitude, and affect. The most frequently supported determinant was self efficacy, the second one was social support, the third was affect and so on. But few research papers found any significant relationship between subject norms or attitude and exercise. 3. On exercise measurement, only 22.4% of research papers considered intensity, duration, frequency as elements of exercise, and 64.5% of researches were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. 4. In research design, 80.3% of research papers were survey type research. The most frequently used statistcal method was Regression. 5. 44.8% of research papers were done without any theoretical basis. Based on the above findings the following suggestions are made : 1. Research which includes diverse populations with different levels of health status needs to be studied. 2. Determinants of exercise may be dynamic and varing in their influence, therefore, stages of exercise behavior and processes of change need to be studied. 3. In research design, more prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to identify determinants of exercise habits. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid exercise measurement tool. 5. Studies are needed to develop a theoretical framework for exercise behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.385-393
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of egg consumption and suggest proper guidelines for consumption of eggs by determining the relationship between eggs and cholesterol. Methods: Literature review was conducted on the relationship between nutritional, functional properties of eggs and serum cholesterol, as well as cardiovascular disease. Results: Eggs, which are a good protein food with complete amino acid composition, contain vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin $B1_2$, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, calcium, iron, choline, selenium, ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, etc. However the egg yolk has a high cholesterol content, which is associated with chronic diseases, including heart disease and hypertension. As a result, its intake is subject to regulation. Outbreak of heart disease by yolk intake can show different results depending on the characteristics of the subjects, amount of egg intake, and the implications of other foods eaten. It is difficult to determine whether eggs are beneficial, as they are the main supplying source for other major nutritive elements as well. Several research studies insist that when cholesterol intake increases by 100 mg, the level of serum cholesterol increases by 2.2~4.5 mg/dL and when serum cholesterol increases by 1%, the risk of heart disease increases by 2%. This indicates that a large intake of eggs can increase the risk of heart disease. Although the cholesterol of egg yolk and serum cholesterol are correlated, it is insufficient to conclude that only cholesterol and not other components are related to heart disease. In fact, other components in egg such as various unsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids could be related as well. Rather than concluding egg as a 'good' or 'bad' food according to its cholesterol content, it is important to define egg as a part of dietary patterns. Conclusion: Generalizing an indiscriminate and uniform amount of egg intake for all seems inadequate. However, patients with diabetes or heart disease should pay particular attention to the amount of egg intake. As for the norm, eating egg with vegetables as a substitute for other animal products seems beneficial.