• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권2호
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• pp.139-151
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• 1993

울릉도(鬱陵島)는 지리적(地理的) 격리(隔離), 험준(險峻)한 지형(地形) 및 온난다습(溫暖多濕)한 기후적(氣候的) 영향(影響)으로 한반도(韓半島) 및 그 부속도서(附屬島嶼)와는 다른 특유(特有)의 식생(植生)을 보존(保存)하고 있다. 특히 성인봉(聖人峰) 원시림일대(原始林一帶)는 한반도(韓半島)에서 볼 수 없는 너도밤나무를 비롯한 수많은 특산식물(特産植物) 및 유존군락(遺存群落)들이 발달(發達)하여 생물(生物) 종다양성(種多樣性) 보존적(保存的) 측면(側面)에서 학술가치(學術價値)가 대단하나 생태학적(生態學的) 연구(硏究)가 미흡(未洽)하다. 이에 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 성인봉일대(聖人峰一帶) 원시림(原始林)을 대상(對象)으로 식물사회학적(植物社會學的) 군락분류(群落分類)와 식물상(植物相) 조사(調査)를 수행(遂行)하였다. 성인봉일대(聖人峰一帶) 원시림(原始林)의 식물사회학적(植物社會學的) 군락유형(群落類型)은 너도밤나무를 중심(中心)으로 임상(林床)에 큰 두루미꽃이 우점(優占)하는 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃군락(群落)과 섬조릿대가 우점(優占)하는 너도밤나무-성조릿대군락(群落)의 2개상위군락(個上位群落)으로 크게 구분(區分)되었다. 너도밤나무-큰두루미꽃군락(群落)은 최종하위단위(最終下位單位)로 회솔나무-솔송나무소군(小群)과 1개전형소군(個典型小群)을 갖는 섬단풍나무-산마늘군(群), 섬바디소군(小群)과 1개전형소군(個典型小群)을 갖는 왕고로쇠-일색고사리군(群) 등(等) 2개군(個群), 4개소군(個小群)으로 다시 구분(區分)되었다. 너도밤나무-섬조릿대군락(群落)은 섬단풍군(群)과 1개전형군(個典型群)의 2개하위단위(個下位單位)로 최종(最終) 구분(區分)되었다. 일치법(一致法)에 의해 군락구분(群落區分) 요인(要因)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果) 미세지형(微細地形)보다는 해발(海拔)에 의해 더 좌우(左右)되었는데 해발(海拔) 700m이하(以下)는 회솔나무-솔송나무소군(小群)과 왕고로쇠-일색고사리전형소군(典型小群)이, 해발(海拔) 700m~850m는 섬단풍 산마늘전형소군(典型小群)과 섬바디소군(小群)이, 850m이상(以上)은 너도밤나무-섬조릿대군락(群落)이 주(主)로 분포(分布)하고 있었다. 군락유형별(群落類型別) $100m^2$당(當) 기저면적(基底面積)(BA : basal area)과 현존량(現存量) (P : phytomass)을 산출(算出)한 결과(結果) 왕고로쇠-일색고사리소군(小群)이 $BA=7,574.1cm^2$, $P=9,882,058cm^3$으로 가장 높았으며, 회솔나무-솔송나무소군(小群)이 $BA=2,126.3cm^2$, $P=1,746,755cm^3$으로 가장 낮았다. 성인봉일대(聖人峰一帶) 원시림(原始林)의 현존식물상(現存植物相)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 소산식물(所産植物)은 총(總) 294종류(種類)인 34목(目) 71과(科), 187속(屬), 243종(種), 1아종(亞種), 44변종(變種) 및 6품종(品種)으로 파악(把握)되었으며 이는 울릉도(鬱陵島) 전식물(全植物)(678종류(種類))의 약(約) 38%에 달하였다. 이 지역(地域) 식물상(植物相)의 주요(主要) 특징(特徵)은 온난다습(溫暖多濕)한 기후적(氣候的) 영향(影響)으로 타지역(他地域)에 비해 양치식물(羊齒植物)이 풍부(豊富)하고 특히 면마과류(科類)가 많았으며, 난초과(蘭草科) 및 난화과류(蘭花科類)도 상대적(相對的)으로 많이 분포(分布)하고 있었다. 또한 31종류(種類)의 울릉도(鬱陵島) 특산식물(特産植物) 중(中) 16종류(種類), 독도식물(獨島植物) 중(中) 12종류(種類)가 이곳에 분포(分布)하고 있었으며 인간우섭(人間于涉)의 지표(指標)인 벼과식물(科植物)의 분포(分布)는 드물었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.450-461
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• 2020

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the agreement of cardiac computed tomography (CT) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) in the assessment of right ventricle (RV) volume and functional parameters. Materials and Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were systematically searched for studies that compared CT with CMRI as the reference standard for measurement of the following RV parameters: end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), or ejection fraction (EF). Meta-analytic methods were utilized to determine the pooled weighted bias, limits of agreement (LOA), and correlation coefficient (r) between CT and CMRI. Heterogeneity was also assessed. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the probable factors affecting measurement of RV volume: CT contrast protocol, number of CT slices, CT reconstruction interval, CT volumetry, and segmentation methods. Results: A total of 766 patients from 20 studies were included. Pooled bias and LOA were 3.1 mL (-5.7 to 11.8 mL), 3.6 mL (-4.0 to 11.2 mL), -0.4 mL (5.7 to 5.0 mL), and -1.8% (-5.7 to 2.2%) for EDV, ESV, SV, and EF, respectively. Pooled correlation coefficients were very strong for the RV parameters (r = 0.87-0.93). Heterogeneity was observed in the studies (I² > 50%, p < 0.1). In the subgroup analysis, an RV-dedicated contrast protocol, ≥ 64 CT slices, CT volumetry with the Simpson's method, and inclusion of the papillary muscle and trabeculation had a lower pooled bias and narrower LOA. Conclusion: Cardiac CT accurately measures RV volume and function, with an acceptable range of bias and LOA and strong correlation with CMRI findings. The RV-dedicated CT contrast protocol, ≥ 64 CT slices, and use of the same CT volumetry method as CMRI can improve agreement with CMRI.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.880-893
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• 2019

Objective: To assess the technical performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) for measuring liver stiffness. Materials and Methods: The Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies reporting the technical performance of 2D-SWE, including concerns with technical failures, unreliable measurements, interobserver reliability, and/or intraobserver reliability, published until June 30, 2018. The pooled proportion of technical failure and unreliable measurements was calculated using meta-analytic pooling via the random-effects model and inverse variance method for calculating weights. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential causes of heterogeneity. The pooled intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated using the Hedges-Olkin method with Fisher's Z transformation of the correlation coefficient. Results: The search yielded 34 articles. From 20 2D-SWE studies including 6196 patients, the pooled proportion of technical failure was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.9%). The pooled proportion of unreliable measurements from 20 studies including 6961 patients was 7.5% (95% CI, 4.7-11.7%). In the subgroup analyses, studies conducting more than three measurements showed fewer unreliable measurements than did those with three measurements or less, but no intergroup difference was found in technical failure. The pooled ICCs for interobserver reliability (from 10 studies including 517 patients) and intraobserver reliability (from 7 studies including 679 patients) were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90) and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.95), respectively, suggesting good to excellent reliability. Conclusion: 2D-SWE shows good technical performance for assessing liver stiffness, with high technical success and reliability. Future studies should establish the quality criteria and optimal number of measurements.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to estimate two dimensional ablating and charring of heat shield materials in severe aero-thermal heat transfer. This estimation requires an accurate and rapid technique for its serious heat transfer with a moving boundary. Aerodynamic heating is obtained by an explicit relation which is a function of Mach number and air condition, while a fully implicit method is used for heat transfer calculations. Moving boundary is captured by FLIAR method which is a subgroup of VOF. Thickness of ablating and charring of heat shield, temperature of the moving surface and rate of radiation heat are calculated and compared with references. The results are in good agreement with other calculations.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제26권3호통권86호
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• pp.373-379
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• 1998

Rhizoctonia solani의 종내 그룹의 분류에는 균사융합군과 배양형태가 많이 이용되고 있으며, 이미 20종 이상의 R. solani가 생태학적, 형태학적, 효소학적, hyphal anastomosis 등에 의해 이미 구분되어졌다. Anastomosis group은 R. solani를 분리하는데 유용하지만 R. solani의 생물학적과 병리학적 연구를 위한 유전적 특성과 동정의 직접적인 방법이 요구되어진다. RAPD는 특별한 DNA 절편을 증폭하고 이를 genetic mapping, identification of isolates에 유용하게 적용될 수 있으며, 또한 genetic variation 조사에도 사용될 수 있다. Dendrogram을 작성한 결과 크게 5 group으로 나뉘어졌고, 5개의 group은 AG group의 subgroup과 동일하게 나뉘어졌다. AG group에 구분되지 않은 species들도 RAPD결과 AG tester들과 grouping 되어졌다. RS-1은 AG-5 group에 속하며, RS-4, RS-14, RS-17, RS-16은 AG-2-2(III B)에 속하였다. RS-13은 AG-4에 속하였으며, RS-8과 RS-10은 AG-1(I B)에, RS-7과 RS-21은 AG-2-2(IV)에 속하였다. RS-19는 AG-1-1(I C)에 속하고, RS-3, RS-5, RS-18, RS-6, RS-15는 AG-1에 속하였다. RAPD 결과 AG group의 subgroup간의 차이를 볼 수 있었고, 이에 AG group 되어 있지 않은 species의 AG grouping이 이루어졌다. 또한 subgroup 간의 유전적 차이를 확인 할 수 있는 marker를 개발하거나 subgroup의 특별한 primer를 제작하는 SCAs기법을 이용하여 식물체 병반 또는 토양에서 분리된 R. solani를 간이 동정에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.149-174
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• 2013

In a previous paper, we described some Siegel modular threefolds which admit a Calabi-Yau model. Using a different method we give in this paper an enlarged list of such varieties. Basic for this method is a paper of van Geemen and Nygaard. They study a variety $\mathcal{X}$ that is the complete intersection of four quadrics in $\mathbb{P}^7(\mathbb{C})$. This is biholomorphic equivalent to the Satake compactification of $\mathcal{H}_2/{\Gamma}^{\prime}$ for a certain subgroup ${\Gamma}^{\prime}{\subset}Sp(2,\mathbb{Z})$ and it will be the starting point of our investigation. It has been pointed out that a (projective) small resolution of this variety is a rigid Calabi-Yau manifold $\tilde{\mathcal{X}}$. Then we will consider the action of quotients of modular groups on $\mathcal{X}$ and study possible resolutions that admits a Calabi-Yau model in the category of complex spaces.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.203-217
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the high-level evidence of the effects of manual therapy on musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: Domestic databases were searched for studies that conducted clinical trials associated with manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases. A total of 591 studies published between 2005 and 2018 were identified, with 18 studies satisfying the inclusion data. The studies were classified according to patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO). The search outcomes were items associated with pain and physical function. The 18 studies included in the study were evaluated by using the R meta-analysis (version 4.0). The quality of 18 randomized control trials was evaluated by using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROB). The effect sizes were computed as the corrected standardized mean difference (SMD). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also used. Egger's regression test was carried out in order to analyze the publication bias. Cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted in order to analyze the data error. Results: The following factors showed the large effect size of manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases: pain (Hedges's g = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.47 ~ 3.85), and physical function (Hedges's g = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.22 ~ 3.08). The subgroup analysis only showed a statistical difference in the type of manual therapy (pain) and outcome (physical function). No statistically significant difference was found in the meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was found in the data, but the results of the trim-and-fill method showed that such bias did not largely affect the obtained data. Furthermore, there were no data errors in the cumulative meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of manual therapy on chronic musculoskeletal diseases in pain and physical function. Subgroup analysis suggests that only the type of manual therapy for pain and the type of outcome for physical function differed in effect size.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2020

Areca palm yellow leaf (AYL) disease caused by the 16SrI group phytoplasma is a serious threat to the development of the Areca palm industry in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was utilized to establish a rapid and efficient detection system efficient for the 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The results showed that two sets of LAMP detection primers, 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, were efficient for 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China, with positive results appearing under reaction conditions of 64℃ for 40 min. The lowest detection limit for the two LAMP detection assays was the same at 200 ag/μl, namely approximately 53 copies/μl of the target fragments. Phytoplasma was detected in all AYL disease samples from Baoting, Tunchang, and Wanning counties in Hainan province using the two sets of LAMP primers 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, whereas no phytoplasma was detected in the negative control. The LAMP method established in this study with comparatively high sensitivity and stability, provides reliable results that could be visually detected, making it suitable for application and research in rapid diagnosis of AYL disease, detection of seedlings with the pathogen and breeding of disease-resistant Areca palm varieties.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 편향 자기 경로 제어 방법을 사용하는 새로운 고성능 고장 감내 스위칭 망을 제시하고, 이 스위칭 망의 고장 진단 방법을 제안한다. 우리는 기본 스위치인 벤얀 망의 각 스위칭 단계들이 하나의 순환 군의 나열로 구성되어 있다는 사실과 자기 경로제어 관점에서 인접한 스위칭 단계들 간에 준동형(Homomorphism)이 존재하기 때문에, 모든 각 단계의 순환 군이 이 다음 단계의 부분군이고, 이들 단계들로 구성된 펙터 군이 존재한다는 성질과 사용하여, 결함이 생긴 링크들을 우회하는 대체 경로들로 추가한 링크들을 포함하는 모든 링크들을 사용하는 확장 벤얀 망인 다단 스위칭 망을 제시한다. 그리고 이 망의 성능을 시뮬레이션을 통해서 분석하여, 성능의 우수함을 보인다. 또한 이들 다중 경로를 제공하는 스위칭 망을 사용하는데 필수적인 결함 진단법을 제시한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권1_2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2002

연관규칙 탐사기법은 트랜잭션들을 대상으로 항목간 또는 속성간의 연관관계를 발견하는 방법으로, 데이터 집합의 구조를 쉽게 통찰할 수 있다는 장점으로 인하여 활발히 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 현재까지의 연구들은 전체 사용자 중 공통적인 특성을 지닌 사용자 그룹이 존재할 경우, 이러한 그룹별 연관규칙을 찾아낼 수 없다는 한계점을 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 해결하기 위하여, 속성선택 및 사용자 구분 기법을 이용하여 사용자를 부분집합으로 구분하고 그 부분집합별로 연관규칙을 발견한다. 또한 위와 같이 얻어진 지역적 연관규칙이 전체 사용자를 대상으로 한 전역적 연관규칙보다 해당 부분집합에 더욱 적합하다는 사실을 여러 연관규칙 평가치를 이용하여 평가한다.