• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-225
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• 2019

In recent years, consumers emphasize the various sensory experiences in the process of shopping rather than the practical value of shopping results. In order to satisfy consumers' diverse needs, retailers transform their offline stores into experiential spaces to encourage consumers to experience diverse and enjoyable experiences. This study divided the sub-factors of customer experience into hedonic experiences, functional experiences, and social interaction experiences, and investigated the effect of sub - factors of customer experience on consumers' enjoyment and intention to stay in off-line store. In addition, it is assumed that there will be a difference in the influence of three levels of customer experience on enjoyment according to the consumer's self-construal levels. As a result of this study, all of the hypotheses were supported except hypothesis 1 that the customer's hedonic experience has a positive effect on pleasure. In addition, as a result of verifying the moderating effect of self-construal levels, the self-construal level of consumers has no significant effect on the path of hedonic experiences on pleasure, but significant moderating effects of self-construal levels were identified in the pathways of functional and social interactive experiences on pleasure. The results of this study will be helpful in identifying and utilizing differentiated experience marketing strategies in the off-line stores that only offline channels can have in the fierce competition due to the diversification of distribution channels.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.712-719
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• 1998

Thyroid function is mainly regulated through cAMP and phophatidylinositol, and it is well known that TSH-stimulated thyroxine ($T_4$) release is inhibited by catecholamine from mouse thyroids via the ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor stimulation. Previous study has established that the inhibition of $T_4$ release by ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor stimulation results in activated protein kinase C (PKC). The purpose of this study was to determine if ion transport systems are involved in the inhibition of $T_4$ release elicited by ${\alpha}_1$-adrenergic agonist in mouse thyroids. TSH-, IBMX- and cAMP analogue-stimulated $T_4$ release were significantly inhibited by methoxamine, R59022 (diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor), and MDL (adenylate cyclase inhibitor). TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release could be inhibited by Bay K 8644 and cyclopiazoic acid, but not by verapamil and tetrodotoxin. The addition of nifedipine ($Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker), tetrodotoxin and lidocaine ($Na^+$ channel blockers), but not amiloride (EIPA) and ryanodine, completely blocked the inhibitory effects of methoxamine on $T_4$ release. TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release was also inhibited by benzamil ($Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange inhibitor). TSH-, IBMX- and cAMP-stimulated $T_4$ release were inhibited by methoxamine or R59022, these effects were reversed by nifedipine. but not by verapamil. Furthermore, nifedipine reversed the inhibitory effects of benzamil and R59022 on TSH-stimulated $T_4$ release. These data suggest that the observed ${\alpha}_1$-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of $T_4$ release in mouse thyroids is the result of an increase in intracellular $Na^+$ or $Ca^{2+}$ effected via activation of fast $Na^+$ or nifedipine-sensitive $Ca^{2+}$ channels, and that $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange may play an important role in reducing thyroid hormone by increasing intracellular $Ca^{2+}$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.361-371
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• 2003

The vasorelaxant actions and blood pressure lowering of the ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor agonists (${\alpha}_2$-AAs) clonidine and xylazine were investigated in rat isolated aortic rings and anesthesized rats. Both clonidine and xylazine produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the sustained contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE), but not by KCl. NE-induced contractions were attenuated partly by nifedipine or verapamil, voltage dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers. These $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers-resistant contractions were abolished by clonidine or xylazine. Inhibitory effects of a ${\alpha}_2$-AAs on contractions could be reversed by ryanodine, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, transport blocker, and tetrabutylammonium (TBA), a $Ca^{2+}$ activated $K^+$ channel blocker, but not by nifedipine, glibenclamide or removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and endothelium. Moreover, ${\alpha}_2$-AAs produced relaxation in NE-precontracted isolated intact aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner, but not in KCl-precontracted rings. The relaxant effects of ${\alpha}_2$-AAs were inhibited by ryanodine and TBA, but not by nifedipine, glibenclamide, N (G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG), 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl N,N-diphenylcarhurnte (NCDC), lithium sulfate, staurosporine or removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and endothelium. In vivo, infusion of xylazine elicited significant decrease in anerial blood pressure. This xylazinelowered blood pressure was completely inhibited by the intravenous injection of TBA, but not by the intravenous injection of glibenclamide, L-NNA, L-NAME, AG, nifedipine, lithium sulfate or saponin.. These findings showed that the receptor-mediated and ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptor A-stimulated endothelium-independent vasorelaxant effect may be explained by decreasing intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release and activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels, which may contribute to the hypotensive effects of ${\alpha}_2$-AAs in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.99-122
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• 2012

This study analyzed scientists information behaviors when they engage in solving specific research problems in various situations throughout the entire scientific R&D lifecycle process. In-depth interviews with a total of 24 scientists were conducted in their research laboratories, the scientists' everyday workplace and the contexts of scientific research. The theoretical and methodological frameworks employed for this study were Dervin's Sense-making, Savolainen's Everyday Life Information Seeking, and Engestrom's Activity Theory. The findings of this study informed context-specific research and information behaviors of the scientists in the 14 sub stages of the five-stage of R&D lifecycle. Specifically, the study revealed the research objectives and related information behaviors (e.g., information needs, information seeking, information sources and channels, information barriers, etc.) to achieve the objectives at each sub-stage. The study results provided essential information to re-design the information services and strategies that accommodate the scientific R&D lifecycle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2017

Plasma membrane hyperpolarization associated with activation of $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^+$ channels plays an important role in sperm capacitation during fertilization. Although Slo3 (slowpoke homologue 3), together with the auxiliary ${\gamma}^2$-subunit, LRRC52 (leucine-rich-repeat-containing 52), is known to mediate the pH-sensitive, sperm-specific $K^+$ current KSper in mice, the molecular identity of this channel in human sperm remains controversial. In this study, we tested the classical $BK_{Ca}$ activators, NS1619 and LDD175, on human Slo3, heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells together with its functional interacting ${\gamma}^2$ subunit, hLRRC52. As previously reported, Slo3 $K^+$ current was unaffected by iberiotoxin or 4-aminopyridine, but was inhibited by ~50% by 20 mM TEA. Extracellular alkalinization potentiated hSlo3 $K^+$ current, and internal alkalinization and $Ca^{2+}$ elevation induced a leftward shift its activation voltage. NS1619, which acts intracellularly to modulate hSlo1 gating, attenuated hSlo3 $K^+$ currents, whereas LDD175 increased this current and induced membrane potential hyperpolarization. LDD175-induced potentiation was not associated with a change in the half-activation voltage at different intracellular pHs (pH 7.3 and pH 8.0) in the absence of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. In contrast, elevation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ dramatically enhanced the LDD175-induced leftward shift in the half-activation potential of hSlo3. Therefore, the mechanism of action does not involve pH-dependent modulation of hSlo3 gating; instead, LDD175 may modulate $Ca^{2+}$-dependent activation of hSlo3. Thus, LDD175 potentially activates native KSper and may induce membrane hyperpolarization-associated hyperactivation in human sperm.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2017

Lamotrigine is an antiepileptic drug widely used to treat epileptic seizures. Using whole-cell voltage clamp recordings in combination with a fast drug application approach, we investigated the effects of lamotrigine on 5-hydroxytryptamine $(5-HT)_3$ receptors in NCB-20 neuroblastoma cells. Co-application of lamotrigine ($1{\sim}300{\mu}M$) resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction in peak amplitude of currents induced by $3{\mu}m$ of 5-HT for an $IC_{50}$ value of $28.2{\pm}3.6{\mu}M$ with a Hill coefficient of $1.2{\pm}0.1$. These peak amplitude decreases were accompanied by the rise slope reduction. In addition, $5-HT_3$-mediated currents evoked by 1 mM dopamine, a partial $5-HT_3$ receptor agonist, were inhibited by lamotrigine co-application. The $EC_{50}$ of 5-HT for $5-HT_3$ receptor currents were shifted to the right by co-application of lamotrigine without a significant change of maximal effect. Currents activated by 5-HT and lamotrigine co-application in the presence of 1 min pretreatment of lamotrigine were similar to those activated by 5-HT and lamotrigine co-application alone. Moreover, subsequent application of lamotrigine in the presence of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindole, known to attenuate $5-HT_3$ receptor desensitization, inhibited $5-HT_3$ receptor currents in a concentration-dependent manner. The deactivation of $5-HT_3$ receptor was delayed by washing with an external solution containing lamotrigine. Lamotrigine accelerated the desensitization process of $5-HT_3$ receptors. There was no voltage-dependency in the inhibitory effects of lamotrigine on the $5-HT_3$ receptor currents. These results indicate that lamotrigine inhibits $5-HT_3$-activated currents in a competitive manner by binding to the open state of the channels and blocking channel activation or accelerating receptor desensitization.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.737-744
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• 2016

The printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) is regarded as a promising candidate for advanced heat exchangers for the next-generation supercritical $CO_2$ power generation owing to its high compactness and rigid structure. In this study, an innovative type of PCHE, in which the channel sizes for the heat source fluid and heat sink fluid are different, is considered for analysis. The thermal performance of the PCHE, with supercritical $CO_2$ as the working fluid, is numerically analyzed. The results have shown that the thermal performance of the PCHE decreases monotonically when the channel size of either the heat source channel or the heat sink channel, because of the decreased flow velocity. On the other hand, the thermal performance of the PCHE is found to be almost independent of the spacing between the channels. In addition, it was found that the channel cross sectional shape has little effect on the thermal performance when the hydraulic diameter of the channel remains constant.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigate the performance limitations of SubCarrier Multiplexed(SCM) WDM systems using optical Double-Side Band(DSB) modulated 16 QAM signals. The Bit-Error Rate(BER) performance is evaluated under various optical transmission links including the effects of the dispersion and fiber nonlinearities such as SPM(Self-Phase Modulation) and XPM(cross-phase modulation). After simulation of SCM-WDM systems, the dominant factors determining the entire system performance are appeared to be the nonlinearity of MZ(Mach-Zehnder) modulator and the SCM channel spacing. The BER performance of subcarrier channels in the higher frequencies was degraded with the large dispersion effect only, however, the performance was improved a little with a combined effect of fiber dispersion and nonlinear effect when the hish fiber launching power was applied.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.294-301
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• 2013

OFDM technique uses multiple sub-carriers for the data transmission. Therefore, bit error rate increases because of inter-carrier interference caused by nonlinear high power amplifier and carrier frequency offset. Wireless OFDM transmission over multi path fading channels is characterized by small transmission gain in multiple sub-carrier frequency interval. Therefore bit error rate increases because of burst errors. Inter-leaver and convolution error control coding are effective for the reduction of this burst error. Pilot symbol is used for the channel estimation in OFDM systems. However, imperfect channel estimates in this systems degrade the performance. The performance of this convolution coding OFDM systems using inter-leaver, gauged by the bit error rate, is analyzed considering the nonlinear high power amplifier, carrier frequency offset and channel estimation error.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.155-170
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• 2008

Club culture is the global trend for youth in 21st century. Club is the space that is created with close relationship among music, dance and fashion. It is also experimental cultural art space with endlessly transforming style. Furthermore it is a space for independent minor culture which represents speciality than generality of cultural appetite and style of club. Cultural communities formed around club and their parties have placed as a strong subculture trend based on youth age group. What they are creating as a subculture could be our tomorrow's main trend and clubbers also could be our major power sources for future. Therefore it is necessary to pay attention to club culture. The purposes of this research are to identify the concept of clubber, to analyzes their basic club culture characteristics and elements, and to find out unique fashion styles of Korean clubber in comparison with the origin. To study club fashion style's origin and background, this study searched a theoretical flow from 1930's to 1990's. Then, Korean clubber's style is derived by comparing background and origin of Korean club culture with those of abroad. To analyze in various point of view, theoretical backgrounds about social, cultural, dresses, and design were considered. Since research target is a visual image, street fashion is analyzed on through, music channels and magazines from 1930's to present as well as designer's art photographies. Internet sites', cub culture association's and sound association's photos were also extracted. as a visual evidences to offer actual evidences. Geological targets are selected among Korean club culture's origin such as Hong-Ik University area, Shin-chon, Chungdam-dong and Apgujung-dong areas. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, clubber's fashion style influenced magnificently on major fashion design instead of being just youngster's resistance toward control group and it is contributing to our fashion culture to enrich it. Secondly, fashion styles of korean clubbers are based on those of western sub-culture, but with a unique localized history.