• 감성과학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

In order to examine universal design, 1 have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted nine universal design items, namely (1) adjustment, (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment, (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items form the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, 1 have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various ,solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.144-151
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• 2002

In order to examine universal desist I have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted me universal design items, namely (1) adjustment (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items from the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, T have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.494-506
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyse 3, 4, 5-year-old children's private speech according to their age and task characteristics (structured task vs. unstructured task). In order to achieve the goal, the main effect of age, characteristic of tasks and interaction effect were considered among age and characteristic of tasks on preschool children's private speech. The subjects were each 30 3, 4, 5-year-olds from preschool in Busan, South Korea. The structured task was puzzle task and the unstructured task was drawing task from TCT-DP. The data was analyzed by repeated measurement two way ANOVA: 3(age) ${\times}$ 2((characteristic of task). As a result, firstly, total private speech of 4-year-old was higher than 3-year-old, 5-year-old in both tasks, and total private speech of 5-year-old was higher than 3-year-old in both tasks. Secondly, the task-irrelevant private speech was not affected by main effect of age and characteristic of task and interaction effect between age and characteristic of task. Thirdly, the task-relevant private speech was received both main effects and interaction effects between age and characteristic of task. Finally, the external manifestation of inner speech were not received effect of age but received effect of characteristic of task, and received interaction effect between age and characteristic of task. The results of this study imply that characteristic of task is an important factor inducing children's private speech.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.899-911
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• 2020

The data in tables are accurate and rich in information, which facilitates the performance of information extraction and question answering (QA) tasks. TableQA, which is based on tables, solves problems by understanding the table structure and searching for answers to questions. In this paper, we introduce both novice and intermediate Korean TableQA tasks that involve deducing the answer to a question from structured tabular data and using it to build a question answering pair. To solve Korean TableQA tasks, we use S3-NET, which has shown a good performance in machine reading comprehension (MRC), and propose a method of converting structured tabular data into a record format suitable for MRC. Our experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms a baseline in both the novice task (exact match (EM) 96.48% and F1 97.06%) and intermediate task (EM 99.30% and F1 99.55%).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.131-150
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• 2018

수학 과제의 구조는 이를 해결하는 학생들의 배움의 양상에 영향을 미친다. 이 연구에서는 구조화된 정도가 다른 두 가지 문제를 소집단 토론 활동으로 해결하는 초등학생들의 통계적 변이성 이해 양상을 탐색하였다. 비구조화된 문제와 구조화된 문제에서 학생들의 통계적 변이 추론 발달 정도는 비슷하였지만 비구조화된 문제에서 학생들은 보다 다양한 아이디어를 전 과정에 걸쳐 역동적으로 제시하였으며, 구조화된 문제에서는 나타나지 않았던 가설에 기반한 추론의 양상을 보였다. 또한 비구조화된 문제에서 모든 학생이 끝까지 활발하게 참여하는 모습을 보였으며, 구조화된 문제에서는 일부 학생이 소외되는 현상이 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 과제의 구조화된 정도에서 비롯되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2010

지능 로봇은 복잡하고 동적인 환경 내에서 상황의 변화에 적절히 적응하여 사용자에게 다양한 서비스를 제공하는 지능 시스템이다. 따라서 로봇은 행위를 수행하는 동안 지속적으로 상황의 변화를 감지하여 변화에 적절히 반응해야 하며 주어진 상황에 대해 최선의 행위를 결정하여 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 또한 때때로 임의의 행동을 결정하여 보다 지능적인 행위를 수행할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 지능 로봇의 복잡한 행위를 효과적으로 정의하고 구현하기 위해 Structured Circuit Semantics(SCS)에 기초를 둔 프로그래밍 언어(Structured Programming for Reactive Intelligent Tasks, SPRIT)와 SPRIT으로 작성된 프로그램을 다양한 로봇 환경에서 실행하고 검증하기 위한 작업 실행기(Task Executor)를 제시한다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among task interruption, task performance, and burn-out in nurses working at emergency room. Methods: The subjects of this study were 225 working at emergency rooms of 19 hospitals. Data was collected by using the structured questionnaire, including frequency of task interruption. problems in task performance due to interruption, and burn-out. Results: The average scores of task interruption were 2.06 due to communication, 1.49 due to treatment and record, and 1.39 due to other services (range 1-4). Frequency of task interruption was significantly correlated with task performance and burn-out. Conclusion: Emergency room nurses experienced some task interruption. The task interruption can influence upon task performance and burn-out of emergency room nurse.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

The 583 employees as subject for empirical analysis were selected by cluster sampling method in Banwol & Sihwa Industrial complex in Ansan area. This study shows the followings; 1. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is high, the achievement-oriented and participative leader behavior have positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 2. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is low, the directive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 3. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is high, the supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 4. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is low, only supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy, and the directive leader behavior has no significant impact. 5. The subordinate's need for growth has a strong moderating effect in the relationship between leader behavior and job satisfaction. Finally this study indicates the implication for future theoretical and empirical development.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

For human error analysis, the structure and situation of a task should be analyzed in advance. The paper introduces Structured Information Analysis (SIA) as a task analysis method for error analysis, and delineates the result of application on the emergency procedure of Korean Standard Nuclear Plants (KSNPs). From the task analysis about emergency procedure of KSNP, total 72 specific task goals were identified in the level of system function, and 86 generic tasks were classified from the viewpoint of physical sameness of the task description. Human errors are dependent on task types so that the result of task analysis would be used as a basis for the error analysis on the emergency tasks in nuclear power plants.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.77-97
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• 2007

The 420 employees as subject for emprical analysis were selected in Banwol & Sihwa Industrial Complex in Ansan area. This study shows the followings; 1. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is high, the achievement - oriented and participative leader behavior have positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 2. In the group where the task is unstructured and the subordinate's ability is low, the directive leader behavior has no significant impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 3. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is high, the supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy. 4. In the group where the task is structured and the subordinate's ability is low, only supportive leader behavior has positive impact on the subordinate's expectancy, and the directive leader behavior has on significant impact. Finally this study indicates the implication for future theoretical and empirical delelopment.