• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2021

Background: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is a widely used method to assess the clinical performance of students in clinical practice. Although OSCE has been used for undergraduate students of Korean medicine, this has not been widely reported. Methods: In 2020, the practical course for acupuncture and moxibustion medicine (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, auricular acupuncture, and burning acupuncture) was taught using flipped learning, according to clinical practice guidelines, and assessed by the OSCE. The appropriateness of this model of education and its evaluation using OSCE were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, and the results were analyzed. Results: Of the respondents, 67% reported that the OSCE accurately reflected their competency, and 82% reported that online video lectures helped them to improve their clinical skills. The average adequacy score of the model was > 3.7/5, and the average adequacy score of the checklist used in the OSCE was > 4.1/5 for all 5 clinical application skills. The difference in the mean self-efficacy score between students who had taken the OSCE and those students who had not taken the OSCE, was highest in the burning acupuncture group (0.923). Conclusion: This study showed that students' satisfaction with the OSCE was high and flipped learning was an effective education model. In the future, models representing the human body or simulated patients should be used to evaluate students' skills and attitude.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2023

In this paper, we propose a dual-structured self-attention method that improves the lack of regional features of the vision transformer's self-attention. Vision Transformers, which are more computationally efficient than convolutional neural networks in object classification, object segmentation, and video image recognition, lack the ability to extract regional features relatively. To solve this problem, many studies are conducted based on Windows or Shift Windows, but these methods weaken the advantages of self-attention-based transformers by increasing computational complexity using multiple levels of encoders. This paper proposes a dual-structure self-attention using self-attention and neighborhood network to improve locality inductive bias compared to the existing method. The neighborhood network for extracting local context information provides a much simpler computational complexity than the window structure. CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 were used to compare the performance of the proposed dual-structure self-attention transformer and the existing transformer, and the experiment showed improvements of 0.63% and 1.57% in Top-1 accuracy, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2000

In order to provide a desirable direction for the health education on preventing drinking of elementary school students. by understanding the views held by elementary school teachers on drinking prevention education. 529 teachers at elementary schools located in Seoul were responded by constructed questionnaires during the period of Nov. 15 to Dec. 18 1999. The results of the survey analysis were as follows: 1. $84.6\%$ of the respondents said that schools should offer education programs on preventing drinking, and this view was more strongly shared by teachers with religions than non-religious ones. 2. $35.0\%$ of teachers responded that the education should start with 6th graders, while $28.3\%$ opted for 4th to 5th grades. With regard to the appropriate class in providing such education, $41.0\%$ selected physical education (PE), followed by extracurricular activity class with $35.4\%.\; 45.6\%$ of the respondents said discussion would be the most effective education method. while $35.4\%$ recommended using experiments. Growth and developmental defect and fall in diseases were pointed out as the most interesting topic for students by $39.4%$ and $31.2\%$ of the surveyed, respectively. As for the most effective media for education, $56.0\%$ recommended video, followed by cartoons $(21.5\%)$ and computer games $(19.5\%),\;63.7\%$ of the teachers picked school nurses as the most appropriate person in carrying out the education. The results of the finding show that it would be most desirable to provide health education on preventing drinking to senior elementary schoolers during the PE or extracurricular activity class by school nurses. The program would be structured to first show video clips on growth and developmental defect or fall in diseases resulting from drinking and to have discussions or experiments on related matters.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.5 s.311
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

Recently, the IDS(Intrusion Detection System) using a video camera is an important part of the home security systems which start gaining popularity. However, the video intruder detection has not been widely used in the home surveillance systems due to its unreliable performance in the environment with abrupt illumination change. In this paper, we propose an effective moving edge extraction algerian from a sequence image. The proposed algorithm extracts edge segments from current image and eliminates the background edge segments by matching them with reference edge list, which is updated at every frame, to find the moving edge segments. The test results show that it can detect the contour of moving object in the noisy environment with abrupt illumination change.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.568-576
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• 2010

The paper presents a control architecture aimed at implementing bandwidth optimization combined with call admission control (CAC) over a digital video broadcasting (DVB) return channel satellite terminal (RCST) under quality of service (QoS) constraints. The approach can be applied in all cases where traffic flows, coming from a terrestrial portion of the network, are merged together within a single DVB flow, which is then forwarded over the satellite channel. The paper introduces the architecture of data and control plane of the RCST at layer 2. The data plane is composed of a set of traffic buffers served with a given bandwidth. The control plane proposed in this paper includes a layer 2 resource manager (L2RM), which is structured into decision makers (DM), one for each traffic buffer of the data plane. Each DM contains a virtual queue, which exactly duplicates the corresponding traffic buffer and performs the actions to compute the minimum bandwidth need to assure the QoS constraints. After computing the minimum bandwidth through a given algorithm (in this view the paper reports some schemes taken in the literature which may be applied), each DM communicates this bandwidth value to the L2RM, which allocates bandwidth to traffic buffers at the data plane. Real bandwidth allocations are driven by the information provided by the DMs. Bandwidth control is linked to a CAC scheme, which uses current bandwidth allocations and peak bandwidth of the call entering the network to decide admission. The performance evaluation is dedicated to show the efficiency of the proposed combined bandwidth allocation and CAC.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.2271-2288
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• 2015

The emerging high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard adopts the quadtree-structured transform unit (TU) in the residual quadtree (RQT) coding. Each TU allows to be split into four equal sub-TUs recursively. The RQT coding is performed for all the possible transform depth levels to achieve the highest coding efficiency, but it requires a very high computational complexity for HEVC encoders. In order to reduce the computational complexity requested by the RQT coding, in this paper, we propose a fast TU size decision method incorporating an adaptive maximum transform depth determination (AMTD) algorithm and a full check skipping - early termination (FCS-ET) algorithm. Because the optimal transform depth level is highly content-dependent, it is not necessary to perform the RQT coding at all transform depth levels. By the AMTD algorithm, the maximum transform depth level is determined for current treeblock to skip those transform depth levels rarely used by its spatially adjacent treeblocks. Additionally, the FCS-ET algorithm is introduced to exploit the correlations of transform depth level between four sub-CUs generated by one coding unit (CU) quadtree partitioning. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed overall algorithm significantly reduces on average 21% computational complexity while maintaining almost the same rate distortion (RD) performance as the HEVC test model reference software, HM 13.0.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.305-315
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• 2000

In order to provide a desirable direction for the health education on preventing smoking of elementary school students, by understanding the views held by elementary school teachers on smoking prevention education, 529 teachers at elementary schools located in Seoul were responded by constructed questionnaires during the period of Nov. 15 to Dec. 18 1999. The results of the survey analysis were as follows: 1. 91.9% of the respondents said that schools should offer education programs on preventing smoking, and this view was more strongly shared by teachers with religions than non-religious ones. 2. 37.6% of teachers responded that the education should start with 4th-5th graders, while 36.0% opted for 6th grades. With regard to the appropriate class in providing such education, 41.1% selected physical education (PE), followed by extracurricular activity class with 28.8%, 45.1% of the respondents said discussion would be the most effective education method, while 39.9% recommended using experiments. fall in diseases and growth and developmental defect were pointed out as the most interesting topic for students by 33.2% and 28.1% of the surveyed, respectively. As for the most effective media for education, 57.2% recommended video, followed by computer games(19.2%) and cartoons (20.0%). 64.1% of the teachers picked school nurses as the most appropriate person in carrying out the education. The results of the finding show that it would be most desirable to provide health education on preventing smoking to senior elementary schoolers during the PE or extracurricular activity class by school nurses. The program would be structured to first show video clips on growth and developmental defect or fall in diseases resulting from smoking and to have discussions or experiments on related matters.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-301
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate beginning secondary science teachers' teaching practices in terms of motivating and understanding students. Six first-year teachers participated in this study. Data were collected by classroom observations and structured interviews. Instructional materials used during the class were also collected to understand teaching practice. Lessons observed were video-tape recorded and the teachers were interviewed. Video- and audio-tape recording were transcribed. The framework, developed by Knowles Project Team of Michigan State University, was adopted and revised according to Korean classroom context and employed as an analytical tool for teaching practices. The beginning secondary science teachers intention ranged from 'Managing Work' to 'School Science.' No teachers revealed 'Reform Science Teaching' orientation. For the execution of science lessons, one teacher with 'Managing Work' orientation showed 'expert' level of execution, but the others executed at a 'novice' level. Beginning science teachers need to be guided and informed about 'Reform Science Teaching' for motivating and understanding students to develop professionally.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1790-1802
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• 1997

A wavelet transform coding method that fulfills the requirements of HD-VCR(high definition video casstte recorder) for studio applications in proposed. A constant bit rate is achieved by a forward rate control technique whcih determins the quantizer stepsize based on the coding results fo the previous frame. We also propose a two-level coder that consists of both the IDC(independently decodable code) and the DDC(dependently decodable code). To minimize error propagation, the transformed coefficients are restructured into transform blocks which are represented by a tree structure. The result shows thta the proposed coding scheme produces better picture quality with block effects than that of DCT(discrete cosine transform) based coding schemes at the same compression ratio. The proposed method meets most of the requirements of HD-VCR.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

The High Efficiency Video Coding (MPEG-H HEVC/ITU-T H.265) is the newest video coding standard which has the quadtree-structured coding unit (CU). The quadtree-structure splits a CU adaptively, and its optimum CU depth can be determined by rate-distortion optimization. Such HEVC encoding requires very high computational complexity for CU depth decision. Motivated that the blob detection, which is a well-known algorithm in computer vision, detects keypoints in pictures and decision of CU depth needs to consider high frequency energy distribution, in this paper, we propose to utilize these keypoints for fast CU depth decision. Experimental results show that 20% encoding time can be saved with only slightly increasing BDBR by 0.45% on all intra case.