• 제목/요약/키워드: Structured Uncertainty

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한국의 선도적 과학자가 경험한 어려움과 과학교육에의 시사점 (Difficulties Experienced by Leading Korean Scientists and Implications for Science Education)

  • 정연수;김중복
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.343-360
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구에서는 한국의 선도적 과학자가 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 과학교육에의 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 선도적 과학자를 판단하는 기준으로 연구 영향력 측면과 수상 경력 측면을 활용하였으며 총 13명의 연구 참여자를 선정하여 문헌조사와 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 면담 내용은 녹음하고 전사하였으며, 구성주의 근거이론 방법에 의거하여 자료를 질적 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 선도적 과학자가 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움은 아무도 가보지 않은 길, 예상치 못한 돌발 상황, 척박한 국내 연구 환경의 3가지 대범주와 11가지 하위범주로 분석되었다. 아무도 가보지 않은 길은 과학자가 새로운 연구 분야를 창출하거나 선도해가면서 부딪히는 어려움으로 연구 성과에 대한 불확실성으로 인한 불안, 연구 분야의 지식 축적 부족, 학계 리더로서 연구영향력 유지에 대한 부담감으로 분석되었다. 예상치 못한 돌발 상황은 연구자라면 누구라도 연구 과정에서 부딪힐 수 있는 어려움으로 새로운 현상을 기존 이론으로 설명 불가능, 연구 결과의 활용 불가, 반복된 실패로 분석되었다. 척박한 국내 연구 환경은 연구비 지원시스템의 불합리함, 인적 네트워크의 부족, 학생들의 취업과 진로의 한계, 연구 장비의 열악함, 퇴직 연구자에 대한 연구 지원 정책 부족으로 분석되었다. 과학자들이 경험한 어려움은 각 하위범주별로 과학자의 구체적인 사례를 담았으며, 과학교육 및 R&E의 문제점과 발전방향에 대해 논의하였다. 본 연구는 선도적 과학자들의 연구 과정에서 경험한 어려움을 생생한 목소리로 전달하여 과학교육자에게는 과학교육과 R&E의 방향에 대한 시사점을 제공하며, 이공계열 진학을 희망하는 학생들에게는 진로교육 자료로써 과학을 바라보는 태도와 과학의 본성에 대한 이해에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 더불어 과학 연구 정책의 개선 방안을 모색하여 국내의 과학 전문성 함양 문화가 발달하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

스마트폰의 지각된 가치와 지속적 사용의도, 그리고 개인 혁신성의 조절효과 (An Empirical Study on Perceived Value and Continuous Intention to Use of Smart Phone, and the Moderating Effect of Personal Innovativeness)

  • 한준형;강성배;문태수
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.53-84
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    • 2013
  • With rapid development of ICT (Information and Communications Technology), new services by the convergence of mobile network and application technology began to appear. Today, smart phone with new ICT convergence network capabilities is exceedingly popular and very useful as a new tool for the development of business opportunities. Previous studies based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) suggested critical factors, which should be considered for acquiring new customers and maintaining existing users in smart phone market. However, they had a limitation to focus on technology acceptance, not value based approach. Prior studies on customer's adoption of electronic utilities like smart phone product showed that the antecedents such as the perceived benefit and the perceived sacrifice could explain the causality between what is perceived and what is acquired over diverse contexts. So, this research conceptualizes perceived value as a trade-off between perceived benefit and perceived sacrifice, and we need to research the perceived value to grasp user's continuous intention to use of smart phone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structured relationship between benefit (quality, usefulness, playfulness) and sacrifice (technicality, cost, security risk) of smart phone users, perceived value, and continuous intention to use. In addition, this study intends to analyze the differences between two subgroups of smart phone users by the degree of personal innovativeness. Personal innovativeness could help us to understand the moderating effect between how perceptions are formed and continuous intention to use smart phone. This study conducted survey through e-mail, direct mail, and interview with smart phone users. Empirical analysis based on 330 respondents was conducted in order to test the hypotheses. First, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived usefulness among three factors of perceived benefit has the highest positive impact on perceived value, and then followed by perceived playfulness and perceived quality. Second, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived cost among three factors of perceived sacrifice has significantly negative impact on perceived value, however, technicality and security risk have no significant impact on perceived value. Also, the result of hypotheses testing showed that perceived value has significant direct impact on continuous intention to use of smart phone. In this regard, marketing managers of smart phone company should pay more attention to improve task efficiency and performance of smart phone, including rate systems of smart phone. Additionally, to test the moderating effect of personal innovativeness, this research conducted multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users. In a group with high level of innovativeness, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived playfulness was the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result of the group with high level of innovativeness explains that innovators and early adopters are able to cope with higher level of cost and risk, and they expect to develop more positive intentions toward higher performance through the use of an innovation. Also, hedonic behavior in the case of the group with low level of innovativeness aims to provide self-fulfilling value to the users, in contrast to utilitarian perspective, which aims to provide instrumental value to the users. However, with regard to perceived sacrifice, both groups in general showed negative impact on perceived value. Also, the group with high level of innovativeness had less overall negative impact on perceived value compared to the group with low level of innovativeness across all factors. In both group with high level of innovativeness and with low level of innovativeness, perceived cost has the highest negative influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, the analysis for a group with high level of innovativeness showed that perceived technicality was the positive factor to influence perceived value than others. However, the analysis for a group with low level of innovativeness showed that perceived security risk was the second high negative factor to influence perceived value than others. Unlike previous studies, this study focuses on influencing factors on continuous intention to use of smart phone, rather than considering initial purchase and adoption of smart phone. First, perceived value, which was used to identify user's adoption behavior, has a mediating effect among perceived benefit, perceived sacrifice, and continuous intention to use smart phone. Second, perceived usefulness has the highest positive influence on perceived value, while perceived cost has significant negative influence on perceived value. Third, perceived value, like prior studies, has high level of positive influence on continuous intention to use smart phone. Fourth, in multi-group analysis by the degree of personal innovativeness of smart phone users, perceived usefulness, in a group with high level of innovativeness, has the highest positive influence on perceived value than other factors. Instead, perceived playfulness, in a group with low level of innovativeness, has the highest positive factor to influence perceived value than others. This result shows that early adopters intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their job useful, instead market followers intend to adopt smart phone as a tool to make their time enjoyable. In terms of marketing strategy for smart phone company, marketing managers should pay more attention to identify their customers' lifetime value by the phase of smart phone adoption, as well as to understand their behavior intention to accept the risk and uncertainty positively. The academic contribution of this study primarily is to employ the VAM (Value-based Adoption Model) as a conceptual foundation, compared to TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) used widely by previous studies. VAM is useful for understanding continuous intention to use smart phone in comparison with TAM as a new IT utility by individual adoption. Perceived value dominantly influences continuous intention to use smart phone. The results of this study justify our research model adoption on each antecedent of perceived value as a benefit and a sacrifice component. While TAM could be widely used in user acceptance of new technology, it has a limitation to explain the new IT adoption like smart phone, because of customer behavior intention to choose the value of the object. In terms of theoretical approach, this study provides theoretical contribution to the development, design, and marketing of smart phone. The practical contribution of this study is to suggest useful decision alternatives concerned to marketing strategy formulation for acquiring and retaining long-term customers related to smart phone business. Since potential customers are interested in both benefit and sacrifice when evaluating the value of smart phone, marketing managers in smart phone company has to put more effort into creating customer's value of low sacrifice and high benefit so that customers will continuously have higher adoption on smart phone. Especially, this study shows that innovators and early adopters with high level of innovativeness have higher adoption than market followers with low level of innovativeness, in terms of perceived usefulness and perceived cost. To formulate marketing strategy for smart phone diffusion, marketing managers have to pay more attention to identify not only their customers' benefit and sacrifice components but also their customers' lifetime value to adopt smart phone.