• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

In order to investigate the upwelling and island effects following the wind storm events in the East Sea (i.e., Uljin-Ulleungdo-Dokdo line) during spring, we assessed the vertical and horizontal profiles of abiotic and biotic factors, including phytoplankton communities. The assessment was based on the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) and field survey data. A strong south wind occurred on May 3, when the lowest sea level pressure (987.3 hPa) in 2016 was observed. Interestingly, after this event, huge blooms of phytoplankton were observed on May 12 along the East Korean Warm Current (EKWC), including the in the offshore waters of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Although the diatoms dominated the EKWC area between the Uljin coastal waters and Ulleungdo, the population density of raphidophytes Heterosigma akashiwo was high in the offshore waters of Ulleungdo-Dokdo. Based on the vertical profiles of Chlorophyll-a (Chl. a), the sub-surface Chl. a maximum appeared at 20 m depths between Uljin and Ulluengdo, whereas relatively high Chl. a was distributed equally across the entire water column around the waters of Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands. This implies that the water mixing (i.e., upwelling) at the two islands, that occurred after the strong wind event, may have brought the rapid proliferation of autotrophic algae, with nutrient input, to the euphotic layer. Therefore, we have demonstrated that a strong south wind caused the upwelling event around the south-eastern Korean peninsula, which is one of the most important role in occurring the spring phytoplankton blooms along the EKWC. In addition, the phytoplankton blooms may have potentially influenced the oligotrophic waters with discrete time lags in the vicinity of Ulleungdo and Dokdo. This indicates that the phytoplankton community structure in the offshore waters of Ulleungdo-Dokdo is dependent upon the complicated water masses moving related to meandering of the EKWC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1995

The effects of ${\alpha}-rice$ flour on the physicochemical properties of Korean rice cake were investigated. Before cooking, the degree of gelatinization of rice cake without ${\alpha}-rice$ flour was 5.75%, but 16% for adding ${\alpha}-rice$ flour. After cooking, the degree of gelatinization of rice cake were increased from 52% to 85% by adding ${\alpha}-rice$ flour. The L value of rice cake with ${\alpha}-rice$ flour increased, but there was no significant difference in L value between samples. The hardness of rice cake before and after cooking were increased by adding ${\alpha}-rice$ flour whereas after frozen stoarge there was no apparent effect on the color values of rice cake. The water absorption ratio of rice cakes during cooking were increased by addition of ${\alpha}-rice$ flour. Scanning electron photomicrographs revealed that the rice cake with ${\alpha}-rice$ flour has more porous structure with rapid rehydration.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 1997

Studies were carried out on the preparation of several kinds of pulps from Sponge gourd fiber by KP, ASP, SP PAP, AP and addition of AQ pulping process. These unbeaten and beaten pulping fibers were observed their characteristics and fiber structure by SEM, FQA, Image analyzer and Micro projector. The results were summarized as follows; 1) The cooking condition which is the possible defibrilation of Shives are KP base($160^{\circ}C$, 2hr.), ASP base($155^{\circ}C$, 4hr.), PAP base($160^{\circ}C$, 1hr.). From the results, the kappa no. had the range of 12, 25, 10 each other. 2) The pulp yields of sponge gourd fiber obtained the range of KP 50~55%, ASP&60~70% and PAP 45~50%. SP base have the highest and contnets of KP&PAP base are much the same as woods. 3) Increasing amount of NaOH on Pulping was accelerated the defibrilation of Shives and was changed a morphology of pulping fiber quality such as fiber length, curl and kink index. 4) Addition of AQ on pulping process of sponge gourd fiber had a affect to raise the rate of delignification while protecting cellullosic components against degradation, especially defibrilation was very excellent, beated pulp much more easily and increased the fibrilation. 5) ASP system have higher bulk density, fiber bonding and protecting cellullosic components against degradation than KP or PAP. 6) The color reactions of the "C" stain solution showed blue or blue-gray with clean and transparency thin cell wall.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.501-508
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide an inquiry into paleovegetation (paleoenvironment), eruption age and inferred emplacement temperature of pyroclastic deposit using charcoal occurred in the Quaternary Nari Caldera, Ulleung Island. In order to obtain the data, we carried out species identification and tree-ring analysis, radiocarbon dating for the charcoal. This sample was collected from pumiceous deposit in lowermost member(Member N-5) of the Nari Tephra Formation, which corresponds to the wood branch that has well preserved the tree-ring structure. Speciation and outermost tree-ring of wood reveal Picea spp. and $263+{\alpha}$ years. The calibrated ages from the center(pith) to the outermost tree-ring are $20,260{\pm}230$, $19,995{\pm}245$, and $19,975{\pm}265cal\;BP$, respectively, which are accordant with the tree-ring position. The youngest age, <19,710 cal BP would have implications for the eruptive age of Member N-5. Our results indicate that Picea spp. is the paleovegetation representing that Nari Caldera was under cold and wet climate conditions during the late Pleistocene. Based on the silky luster, brittleness, color, and streak of charcoal, etc., the lowest emplacement temperatures of pyroclastic flow are interpreted to have been at least as high as $350{\sim}500^{\circ}C$.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This study is to analyze Korean-Chinese women's Costume in Yabian with factors such as reform opening-up, economic growth, change of social values, development of technology, more education opportunities and influence of mass media. It divides the 1990's into two halves. Photos, interview, observation and relevant literature were used for this study. Even though economy grew rapidly, they needed to purchase daily goods other than clothes. In a way that they preferred practicality, it showed somewhat it was still developing. The trend in the first half of the 1990's was characterized : first, Synthetic or artificial fibers and ready-made suits were popular ; second, there still remained the men's style ; third, they wore Tanrikoo(彈力袴), Tisingkoo(體型袴), Jiaotakoo(脚袴) because of its properties of activeness and comfort ; fourth, shoulders looked ore prominent with pads as they were used in Chungsanfoo(中山服) ; fifth, clothes in grey and dark blue was in fashion ; sixth, they wore hand-made knit vests and sweaters and often mountain-climbing gears for its light and warm quality ; seventh, along with opening-up, various materials and colorful clothes were in style, which satisfied women's desire for beauty. They decorated Hanbok(韓服), using sleeves with colors, golden ornaments, flower patterns embroidery, materials of different color in collar and tie and dyes of sleeves and skirts. In the first half of the 1990's when the opening-up was beginning, there were diverse styles and colors in fashion, yet not close to good quality. As the economy grew, the second half of the 1990's was characterized by good palate, individuality, favouritism on foreign goods, rapid change of fashion. For instance, fur coat and woolen fabric were favored. Economic growth led to abundance of cloth, dyes and decorative materials. In addition, people possessed more clothing and it was possible for them to wear both Hanbok and wedding dress in wedding ceremony. People placed their standards on competency and financial ability rather than ideology. Worship disappeared and individuality arose. Therefore, apparel functioned not only as protection but as suits with aesthetic purpose. This resulted in introduction of bold style, imitation of western countries and extension of use of Hanbok. With the help of mass media, transportation, telecommunication, contact with Korean company and civilians, Korean and western cultures, through Korea, were accepted. Change in structure of economic status caused excessive spending and more educational opportunities that enabled people to accept foreign culture quickly. Values moved onto new, beautiful and better characteristics. it was possible to have suits ready-made due to improvement of mass production and cotten, wool, linen, silk became popular owing to technology. New technology, the bases of mass consumption, increased possession of clothing and accelerated change of fashion. In summary, women's Costume in Yanbian were affected by the factors in economy, politics, culture contact as well as change of society and technology.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.823-830
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• 2015

Physicochemical properties of five commercial rice products were investigated in order to select the appropriate rice varieties for the preparation of frozen fried rice. Among the evaluated rice varieties, Onnuri (16.06%) had the highest amylose content, while Beakjinju (11.83%) had the lowest. The water absorption index ranged from 1.45 to 1.65 g/g. Regarding the Hunter's color values, the L and a values of all rice varieties decreased while the b value increased with freezing-storage following the cooking process. The initial pasting temperature showed no significant differences among the five rice varieties. The highest viscosity (peak, trough, and final) and setback were found in the Sindongjin, while the lowest breakdown was found in the Baekjinju variety. Hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of all five cooked rice varieties decreased while their adhesiveness increased after freezing-storage. Under electron microscopy scanning, pores were observed inside the tissue of frozen cooked rices manufactured from Baekjinju and Hopum varieties, while substantially smooth tissue structure was observed in Sindognjin, Onnuri, and Ilmi rice varieties.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 1988

Amethysts in Eonyang Granite of Woolju-Kun, Kyungnam Province are frequently parallelly grown on top of preexisting smoky quartz crystallized on milky and colorless quartz crystals, which, as a whole, resemble "mushroom" in outer appearance. Fluid inclusions in the amethysts may be grouped into (1) gaseous inclusions (G>L), (2) liquid inclusions (L>G), (3) $L_{CO_2}$-bearing inclusions (L+G+$L_{CO_2}$), (4) halite-bearing inclusions (L+G+halite), (5) multiphase inclusions (L+G+halite+sylvite${\pm}$opaque mineral). In addition, euhedral K-feldspars and acicular hematite crystals are included in colorless-milky quartz and deep purple-red quartz, respectively. Filling temperatures of each type of fluid inclusions were measured as follows: $320{\sim}560^{\circ}C$ for gaseous inclusions; $100{\sim}290^{\circ}C$ for liquid inclusions; $200{\sim}310^{\circ}C$ for $L_{CO_2}$-bearing inclusions; $300{\sim}430^{\circ}C$ for halite-bearing inclusions; and $370{\sim}430^{\circ}C$ for polyphase inclusions. The finished-gem amethysts from Eonyang may be distinguished from Brazilian amethysts by the difference in filling degree of gaseous inclusions by the presence of hematite aciculae, and of $L_{CO_2}$-bearing inclusions, and also by the absence of Zebra-striation structure. They may also be differentiated from synthetic amethysts by presence of straight color banding, solid inclusions, and $L_{CO_2}$-bearing inclusions which are not found in synthetic materials.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.154-160
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• 2006

This study is performance thesis to examine structure of excessive consuming culture of modern people's desire turning away from modern people's original purpose of aiming life that is well-being. Method of the research is theological examination of people's desire into consuming and well-being culture is critically analyzed by creation of meanings and differences of showcase that symbolize consuming culture. Also my piece of work 'Well-buying Shop 1' that above theory is applied is selected for focused analysis of concept realization method in video configuration method and technique. The symbol Showcase in the animation represent laboratory of consuming culture and desire for ownership. The animation runs for 3 minutes and 50 seconds focused on animal characters raised in well-being farm. Through cut out animating environment, animal characters have life in the animation and they are completed with long take method and temperament editing type for effort of liberal devotion between audience and the animation. Lithographic technique is used for characters and background images for trial of pictural density by pressures and variety of colors. This study was conducted with the basis of above animation showing opportunity and it has significance on trial of various color of lithographic expression technique that are not commonly used in animation image production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1285-1291
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf and lotus root powder on the quality characteristics of sponge cake. Percentages of 4, 8 and 12% of two kinds of lotus powder were added to the batter based on flour content. Baking and cooling loss rate, volume and specific loaf volume, crumb color, texture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sensory evaluation of the products were analyzed. The baking and cooling loss rate of the control was lower than cakes with added lotus leaf and lotus root powder. The volume of the control was the largest, and as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, volume and specific loaf volume became smaller. The lightness and yellowness values of the control were higher than those of the experimental cakes, and the loaves with 12% added lotus root powder showed the lowest value. Redness of the experimental cakes increased. In the textual property evaluation, hardness of the control and sponge cakes containing 4% lotus leaf, and lotus root powder appeared to have the lowest value. As the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, hardness increased. Springiness showed the same tendency, but cohesiveness of the control revealed the lowest value. The structure of the cake crumb by SEM, revealed that the crumb cells and grains of the experimental cakes were opened and coarse, as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powders increased. In a sensory evaluation, sponge cakes containing lotus root powder were preferred rather than those with lotus leaf powder. As a result, good sponge cakes were prepared by adding 4% lotus leaf powder or 8% lotus root powder.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.3 s.55
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• pp.130-134
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• 1999

Somatic embryos were induced directly from cotyledon explants of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2,4-D, BAP, kinetin or lacking growth regulators. When somatic embryos formed on all media grew to cotyledonary stage, the further development of embryos was ceased and remained in white color. By gibberellic acid (over 1.0 mg/1 $GA_3$) treatment, all the somatic embryos turned rapidly to green and germinated within 3 weeks. Chilling treatment also induced the germination of somatic embryos. The effective temperature regime was $-2^{\circ}C$ for over 8 weeks but more higher temperature than $0^{\circ}C$ did not effective for germination of somatic embryos. Ultrastructural observation revealed that the cotyledon cells of somatic embryos without chilling or $GA_3$ treatment contained numerous lipid reserves, dense cytoplasm, proplastids and non-activated mitochondria with poorly differentiated internal structure, but the cotyledon cells of germinating somatic embryos after chilling or $GA_3$ treatment highly vacuolated and contained well-developed chloroplasts and active state of mitochondria enclosing numerous cristae. The above results indicate that in vitro developed somatic embryos of Panax ginseng may be dormant after mature similar to zygotic embryos.