• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2012

The first visual contact in architecture happens in surface, and it could be significant object as well as the starting point to recognize the essence and perceive the buildings. Architecture surface could not get out of the restriction of structures and materials that support buildings for a long time in the past. Architecture surface in the past should fulfill the structural role to form are appearance of buildings and support buildings at the same time, so it was difficult to get out of logic for material and thickness of walls, arrangements and sizes of windows. However, since the modern age, architecture surface came to be freer according to the development of building technology, and development of technology changes shows tendencies to express role of new design factor as an architectural element emphasized expression and autonomy,s which was escaped from the subordinate relationship that the surface of building must do the structural function. In this study, it would be examined the expressive characteristics of various epidermis that are expressed in architecture of Herzog & de Meuron since the end of 20thcentury focused on comprehended and analyzed results of changes and characteristics of contemporary society. Through this, it would be comprehended the epidermis of architecture that has particular character expressed in modern buildings of Herzog & de Meuron, and it would be composed a certain linkage between this and characteristics of contemporary society and it would be investigated that the establishing process of inner spaces. Identification through case analysis for this would perform a role of catalyst for the new possibility and development of contemporary architecture's surface expression in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.667-683
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• 2009

FE model-based dynamic analysis has been widely used to predict the dynamic characteristics of civil structures. In a physical point of view, an FE model is unavoidably different from the actual structure as being formulated based on extremely idealized engineering drawings and design data. The conventional model updating methods such as direct method and sensitivity-based parameter estimation are not flexible for model updating of complex and large structures. Thus, it is needed to develop a model updating method applicable to complex structures without restriction. The main objective of this paper is to present the model updating method based on the hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) by combining the genetic algorithm as global optimization method and modified Nelder-Mead's Simplex method as local optimization method. This FE model updating method using HGA does not need the derivation of derivative function related to parameters and without application of complicated inverse analysis methods. In order to allow its application on diversified and complex structures, a commercial FEA tool is adopted to exploit previously developed element library and analysis algorithms. Moreover, an output-level objective function making use of measurement and analytical results is also presented to update simultaneously the stiffness and mass of the analysis model. The numerical examples demonstrated that the proposed method based on HGA is effective for the updating of the FE model of bridge structures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.627-627
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• 2013

Recently, most studies concerning inorganic CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD)-polymer hybrid LEDs have been concentrated on the structure with multiple layers [1,2]. The QD LEDs used almost CdSe materials for color reproduction such as blue, green and red from the light source until current. However, since Cd is one of six substances banned by the Restriction on Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive and classified into a hazardous substance for utilization and commercialization as well as for use in life, it was reported that the use of CdSe is not suitable to fabricate a photoelectronic device. In this work, we demonstrate a novel, simple and facile technique for the synthesis of ZnO-graphene quasi-core.shell quantum dots utilizing graphene nanodot in order to overcome Cd material including RoHS materials. Also, We investigate the optical and structural properties of the quantum dots using a number of techniques. In result, At the applied bias 10 V, the device produced bluish-white color of the maximum brightness 1118 cd/$m^2$ with CIE coordinates (0.31, 0.26) at the bias 10 V.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

The low rate of penetration and short lifetime of drilling bit served as the most common problems encountered in hard formation drilling, thus leading to severe restriction of drilling efficiency in oil and gas reservoir. This study developed a new local impact drilling method to enhance hard formation drilling efficiency. The limitation length formulas of radial/lateral cracks under static indentation and dynamic impact are derived based on the experimental research of Marshall D.B considering the mud column pressure and confining pressure. The local impact rock breaking simulation model is conducted to investigate its ROP raising effect. The results demonstrate that the length of radial/lateral cracks will increase as the decrease of mud pressure and confining pressure, and the local impact can result in a damage zone round the impact crater which helps the rock cutting, thus leading to the ROP increase. The numerical results also demonstrate the advantages of local impact method for raising ROP and the vibration reduction of bit in hard formation drilling. This study has shown that the local impact method can help raising the ROP and vibration reduction of bit, and it may be applied in drilling engineering.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1994

From the pSKH201 plasmid which had been previously cloned in our laboratory, a 3.0kbp insert DNA encoding the alkaline phosphatase of Kluyveromyces fragilis was cleaved with several restriction endonucleases and ligated int the appropriate sites of M13mp18/19 vectors and sequenced by Sanger's dideoxy chain termination method. The sequence contained a 1,638 bp open reading frame(ORP) whose similarities in nucleotide, when compared with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli by GENETYX program, were found to be 61% and 46%, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 546 amino acids and contains several homologous regions in the alkaline phosphatases of E. coli, S.cerevisiae and human placenta.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.3 no.4 s.9
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• pp.30-37
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• 2000

Several reverse design methods are developed and applied to the suction or pressure surface for finding design values of blade geometry for a given axial turbine blade. Re-designed blade profiles using shape parameters are compared with measured blade data. Essential shape parameters for blade design are induced by the procedure of reverse design for best fitting. Characteristics of shape parameters are evaluated through the system design method and restriction conditions of structural stability or aerodynamic flow loss. Some of shape parameters i.e blade radius or exit blade angle etc., are classified to weakly adjustable shape parameters, otherwise strongly adjustable shape parameters which would be applied for controlling blade shape. Average deviation values between the measured data and re-designed blade using shape parameters are calculated for each design method. Comparing with the average deviation for a given blade geometry, minimum shape parameters required to design a blade geometry are obtained.

• Language and Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 2015

This paper is primarily intended to provide a new insight on which the structural properties of As-Parenthetical constructions shown by Potts (2002) might be regarded as cross-linguistically common one. As a first attempt, it introduces the characteristics of Korean As-Parenthetical by carefully investigating them through the data, focusing on the similarities or differences between two languages with a constructional theoretical perspective. The paper here provides three properties of Korean as-clauses in the morphological and syntactic aspects. First, the morpheme 'as' in English as-clause would be realized as three different morphemes as a bound one. Korean as-clauses can be introduced by three different morphemes, '-tusi, -chelem, -taylo' and unlike that in English as-clauses, they behave as bound morphemes which do not stand alone. Even though they are attached into different morpho-syntactic stems, they do not make any meaning change only under this clause. Secondly, two syntactic types of as-clauses can also be found in Korean, similarly to those of English: CP-As type and Predicate-As type, depending on which types of gap they involve in. English has one more subtype of Predicate-As type (called inverted Predicate-As clause), while Korean does not show this subtype. Thirdly, the various mismatches attributed by the gap and the antecedent come from the constructional restrictions of as-clauses in Korean. In addition, the paper attempts to display various ambiguities from the as-clauses through disjoint references or negative sentences in As-Parenthetical constructions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2003

Because of the difficulty of acquiring new generation sites and right-of-way, additional units have been added to the existing generation sites and the transmission system has been developed into highly meshed configuration. This structural characteristics may cause restriction on the reliable operation of power systems. In other to meet with this problem, the enhancement of system analysis techniques and establishment of appropriate measures have been required in this situation. In addition the deregulation of electric power industry in Korea would require better tools for power system analysis and control. In this paper, exciter system models, speed governor system models and PSS models of EUROSTAG for stability study are developed. Comparison with simulation results of PSS/E is performed for verification of EUROSTAG models.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.179-198
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study was to examine direct and indirect effects of mothers' depression on preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. A total of 155 mothers with preschoolers aged 3 and 4 years (83 boys and 72 girls) living in Seoul participated in this study. Mothers completed questionnaires on mothers' depression, parenting behavior, and preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. Direct and indirect pathways from mothers' depression to preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). First, it was revealed that mothers' depression did not directly affect preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. Second, mothers' depression indirectly influenced preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors through mothers' parenting behavior. Mothers who reported higher levels of depression showed less warmth/acceptance and more rejection/restriction towards their children, which led to higher levels of preschoolers' externalizing problem behaviors. These findings emphasize the importance of positive parenting by mothers in reducing preschoolers' problem behaviors.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1995.10b
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• pp.120-120
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• 1995

The total size of the pF AR1, a genomic clone of Frankia FaCI, was estimated to be about 44Kb by summation of the individual fragment length generated by single or double restriction enzymes. Southern hybridization analyses with Azotobacter vinelandii nif-genes as probes and partial sequencing analyses of the subclones revealed that organization of the nif-gene in the FaCI strain was nifV, H, D, K, E, N, X, W, B. The organization of the structural genes for nitrogenase is the same in this Frankia strain as it is in most other nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes but the positioning of the nifV-like gene relative to the nifHDK cluster differs. A consensus nif-promoter-like sequence, found at 5' of nifH, was not detected upstream of the niJV-like gene. nifV-like gene contained a ORF of 1206 NT encoding 401 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of the gene exhibit homology value of 65% and 41% with that from A vinelandii, respectively. The putative Shine-Dargamo sequences were present preceding nitK, nifH, D, K, and nifE, and in nitK gene putative start codon GTG was detected instead of A TG. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of niIK of FaCI showed 82% and 76% homolgy with those of Frankia HFPCc 13, respectively. Amino acid sequence of niIK showed 69% and 61% homology with those of A vinelandii, Klebsiella pnewnoniae, respectively, while that of nifE 73% and 71%, respecti vely.i vely.