• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

This tutorial introduces procedures and methods for performing structural equation modeling using R. To do this, we present advanced analysis methods based on structural equation model such as mediation effect analysis, moderation effect analysis, moderated mediation effect analysis, and multiple-group analysis with R program code using R lavaan package that supports structural equation modeling. R is flexible and scalable, unlike traditional commercial statistical packages. Therefore, new analytical techniques are likely to be implemented ahead of any other statistical package. From this point of view, R will be a very appropriate choice for applying new analytical techniques or advanced techniques that researchers need. Considering that various studies in the social sciences are applying structural equations modeling techniques and increasing interest in open source R, this tutorial is expected to be useful for researchers who are looking for alternatives to existing commercial statistical packages.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.407-434
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and verify the TPACK measurement tool for middle and high school mathematics teachers in the Korean context. Also, by clarifying the relationship between subordinate factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, an attempt was made to provide suggestions on the designs and directions for the in-service and pre-service teacher education and the programs for improving mathematics teachers' TPACK in the future. In order to achieve this goal, TPACK factors of mathematics teachers were extracted by reviewing literature on PCK, MKT, and TPACK. Then, content validity, basic statistical survey, reliability verification, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation model verification were conducted sequentially. At first, preliminary analysis was carried out on 79 mathematics teachers, and 76 items excluding the items with extreme value and reliability were included in the basic statistical analysis. And secondly, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 376 mathematics teachers, and this instrument consisted of 7 subordinate factors(CK, PK, TK, PCK, TCK, TPK, TPACK) and 61 items. Also by conducting confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model test with 254 mathematics teachers, the measurement tool was confirmed the validity and reliability through statistically significant analysis. Then, the importance of integrated knowledge was confirmed by looking at the relationship between the TPACK factors of in-service mathematics teachers. The integrated knowledge(PCK, TCK, TPK) has played a crucial role in the formation of TPACK rather than the knowledge of CK, PK, and TK alone. Finally, the validity of TCK was confirmed through the structural equation modeling of TPACK. TCK not only directly affected TPACK, but also indirectly through TPK. According to these affirmative results, this measurement tool is claimed to be suitable for measuring the factors of Mathematics teachers' TPACK, and also the structural equation model can be regarded as a suitable model for analyzing the structural relationship of mathematics teachers' TPACK.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.133-146
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to verify a Structural Equation Model that constructed the causations among the leisure resources, health perception, leisure attitude, leisure satisfaction and the quality of life in the elderly. For the purpose, 208 elderly who were over sixty years old and inhabited in Seoul were given questionnaires. Questionnaires were distributed by means of a 1:1 personal interview method. A Measurement model and a structural equation model estimates by Maximum Likelihood method(ML method) utilizing LISREL 8.51 ver. The major results are summarized as follows: 1) A Goodness of fit is good of structural equation model presented in the study. 2) The higher their leisure resource is, the higher health perception is, the higher leisure attitude is the more leisure satisfaction. 3) The important valuable factor which affected the quality of life in the elderly was the leisure satisfaction. It showed powerfully if the elderly participate enjoyment, self-development and positive leisure activity, their leisure satisfaction would increase, consequently the Quality of life would be improved.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.432-438
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This research was conducted to develop a construct model regarding the dietary style, late night snacking choice attributes and health promotion behaviors of industrial workers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The surveys were collected during the period between January and February 2013. A statistical analysis of 888 industrial workers was conducted using SPSS 12.0 for Windows and SEM (Structural Equation Model) using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) 5.0 statistics package. RESULTS: The results of the correlations between all variables showed significant positive correlations (P < 0.05). Results of factors analysis on dietary styles were categorized into five factors and health promotion behaviors were categorized into four. The reliability of these findings was supported by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 and higher for all other factors. After obtaining the factors from processing an exploratory factor analysis and the end results supported the validity. In an attempt to study the late night snacking choice attributes in accordance to dietary styles and the health promotion behaviors of industrial workers, a structural equation model was constructed and analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: All tests proved the model satisfied the recommended levels of the goodness on fit index, and thus, the overall research model was proved to be appropriate.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-122
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review research papers on structural equation models for hospital nurses' turnover intentions, and to identify the factors that influence these intentions. Methods: Twenty-four research papers on structural equation models for hospital nurses' turnover intentions were identified for systematic review. Results: All 24 papers assessed nurses' turnover intentions in general hospitals and university hospitals. A total of 36 indicators and 105 items were used to measure turnover intention. Turnover intention was positively related with 10 variables, and negatively with 17 variables. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, job stress, burnout, organizational culture, and empowerment were found to have significant direct and indirect effects on nurses' turnover intentions. Structural equation models in 23 of the 24 research papers showed high compatibility with the data. The models accounted for 20.1% 68.0% of total variances. Conclusion: The study findings show recent trends in nurses' turnover intentions, and indicate directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.142-155
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. The structural equation model hypothesizes that eating alone and feeling depressed is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. The data of this study were obtained from the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which was cross-sectional data from the representative national survey. A total of 4,013 subjects replied to the survey item of lifestyle and completed the physical examinations among adults aged 19 years or older in South Korea was in 2015. The structural model in this study was composed of four latent variables: eating alone, depression, negative health behavior, and metabolic syndrome. Two variables, the rate of eating alone and depression, were exogenous variables. Negative health behavior was both a mediating variable and endogenous variable, and metabolic syndrome was the final endogenous variable. The data were analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood method and bootstrapping. The structural model was appropriate for the data based on the model fit indices. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Eating alone is a direct risk factor of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Depression can mediate metabolic syndrome through negative health behaviors. Negative health behavior had a direct impact on metabolic syndrome in both men and women. This study may be a guideline for interventions and strategies to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.455-464
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to explain and identify the frame of structural relations of learning orientation, self-efficacy, learning transfer and job performance of farmers who participated in the strong and small farms education. This is an experimental research with the data collected from 495 farmers who have taken the farm education. Based on the collected data, the study conducted a structural equation modeling(SEM) to confirm the validity and analyze the structural relations of the suggested model. Using measured and latent variables drew from the analyses, the study set a structural equation model and tested the model by analysis of the structural equation modeling with AMOS 18.0. The results found from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. 1) Learning orientation and self-efficacy positively influenced job performance through learning transfer. 2) The hypothesis that learning orientation would have direct impact on job performance was not supported. 3) The strong and small farms education is useful to expand learning transfer and to enhance job performance. So, government policy support has to reinforce learning support on farmers in order to achieve high performance of learning and job management through farm educations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2004

This study proposed a theoretical framework that could explain the service use of a community informatics. The proposed community informatics use model was developed based on three theoretical models: (1) Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) from social psychology: (2) Uses and gratifications approaches from media use research; and (3) Technology Acceptance Model(TAM) from information technology use research. The proposed model consists of three basic components: expectations of the outcomes from use, approvals from important others, and perceivied controllability over using the service. The initially proposed model was assessed using structural equation modeling, and then re-sepcified in order to propose a better fitting model. The initially proposed and revised community informatics use models were discussed with their theoretical and practical implications.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.38-52
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the analysis of structural equation model(SEM) with the ordinal data such as Likert scale. The SEM is misused when the arbitrary scores allocated to the Likert scale are treated as quantitative data. The underlying distribution approaches have been studied to solve this problem, and the partial least squares(PLS) Is also tried. In this paper the quantification methods for the Likert scale are proposed to analyze the SEM. We assume that the Likert scale is an observation of the interval of the continuous underlying distribution, and the respondents have their own patterns in the response of some questions. Normal and beta distributions as the response patterns are considered to quantify the Likert scale. To compare the efficiency of the proposed method the bootstrap simulations are tried.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to assess various factors affecting E-learning in Korean language education. In this research, we hypothesize that several factors such as absorption, motivation and tutors increase the educational effects of E-learning and ultimately affect learning attitude and satisfaction of students in E-learning. To discuss the hypothesis, we analyzed survey data of 300 students who were taking E-learning class of Korean language for three weeks in October 2007 based on Structural Equation Model. The result of our analysis shows that the factors such as absorption, motivation, tutors have positive effects on E-learning in Korean language education and positive influence on learning attitude and satisfaction on students as well.