• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2011

Understanding the structural stability of carbon nanostructure under heat treatment is critical for tailoring the thermal properties of carbon-based material at small length scales. We investigate the heat resistance of the single carbon nanoball ($C_{60}$) and carbon nanoonions ($C_{20}@C_{80}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}$, $C_{20}@C_{80}@C_{180}C_{320}$) by performing molecular dynamics simulations. An empirical many-body potential function, Tersoff potential, for carbon is employed to calculate the interaction force among carbon atoms. Simulation results shows that carbon nanoonions are less resistive against heat treatment than single carbon nanoballs. Single carbon nanoballs such $C_{60}$ can resist heat treatment up to 5600 K, however, carbon nanoonions break down after 5100 K. This intriguing result offers insights into understanding the thermal-mechanical coupling phenomena of nanodevices and the complex process of fullerenes' formation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2012

This paper presents robust control performance of a direct current(DC) motor with brake system adopting a giant electrorheological(GER) fluid, whose distinguished feature is an extremely high value of yield stress. As a first step, Bingham characteristics of the GER fluid is experimentally investigated using the Couette type electroviscometer. A cylindrical type of ER brake is then devised based on the Bingham model, and its braking torque is evaluated. Structural analysis of ER break is performed using ANSYS. After formulating the governing equation of motion for the DC motor with ER brake system, a sliding mode control algorithm, which is very robust to external disturbances and parameter uncertainties, is synthesized and experimentally realized in order to achieve desired rotational speed trajectories. The tracking responses of the control system are then evaluated and verified by presenting speed control performance.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1599-1607
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• 2003

The characteristics of elastic waves emanated from crack initiation in 6061 aluminum alloy subjected to fatigue loading are investigated through experiments. The objective of the study is to determine the differences in the properties of the signals generated from fatigue test and also to examine if the sources of the waves could be identified from the temporal and spectral characteristics of the acoustic emission (AE) waveforms. The signals are recorded using nonresonant, flat, broadband transducers attached to the surface of the alloy specimens. The time dependence and power spectra of the signals recorded during the tests were examined and classified according to their special features. Six distinct types of signals were observed. The waveforms and their power spectra were found to be dependent on the crack propagation stage and the type of fracture associated with the signals. The potential application of the approach in health monitoring of structural components using a network of surface mounted broadband sensors is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

There is a continuous development of the most common welding processes like MMA, MIG/MAG, PAW and SAW. At the same time there is a conversion from stick electrodes to solid and cored wires with an increased productivity as a result. In parallel with these changes new processes are introduced and implemented. The number of Friction Stir Welding installations is starting to grow fast Hybrid laser welding has probably made a technical break through. The Magnetic Pulse Welding process is taking off. The different mechanical joining methods; clinching and self-piercing riveting; must not be forgotten. Structural adhesive is another method to consider.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.115-132
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• 1998

The present study investigated the construction of the moral concepts of 3-, 4-, and 5- year old Korean children. Instruments were the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument by Schaefer for mother and feather nurturing attitudes, and the Domain Distinctiveness Model for children's moral judgments. Maternal and teacher attitudes were categorized by the affection-rejection factor consisting of affection-affection, affection-rejection, rejection-affection, and rejection-rejection dimensions, and by the permissive, -control factor consisting of permissive-permissive, permissive-control, control-permissive, and control-control dimension. Children's data were collected with an individualized interview in which children were asked to judge moral and social conventional transgression events. 30 children were assigned to each of the maternal/teacher attitude dimensions; thus, there were 120 children for each factor. Results showed that (1) the affection-affection cohort was must strongly related to moral rules using both the seriousness criterion and deserved punishment criterion, and (2) the permissive-permissive cohort was most strongly related to reasoning and action. However, this cohort did not break out of children's structural limitation (limited responses to the intangible).

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

High-Level synthesis of digital circuits calls for automatic translation of a behavioral description to a structural design entity represented in terms of components and connection. One of the critical steps in high-level synthesis is to determine a particular scheduling algorithm that will assign behavioral operations to control states. A new scheduling algorithm called Data Availability Scheduling (DAS) for high-level synthesis is presented. It can determine an appropriate scheduling algorithm and minimize the number of states required using data availability and dependency conditions extracted from the behavioral code, taking into account of states required using data availability and dependency conditions extracted from the behavioral code, taking into account resource constraint in each control state. The DAS algorithm is efficient because data availability conditions, and conditional and wait statements break the behavioral code into manageable pieces which are analyzed independently. The output is the number of states in a finite state machine and shows better results than those of previous algorithms.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1995

Surface defects in structural members are apt to be origins of fatigue cracks growth, which may cause serious failure of whole structures. Most structure has a part where stress concentrates such as welded joints, corner parts, etc. And then, analysis on crack growth and penetration from these defects, therefore, is one of the most important subjects for the reliability of LBB design. The present paper has performed an experimental and analysis on the fatigue crack propagation by variety in crack length of surface cracked plate with stress concentration part. The crack growth behavior can be explained quantitatively by using Newman-Raju equation and the stress partitioning method proposed by ASME B&P Code Sec. XI. The stress concentration factor $K_t$ has affected on the crack growth. The crack growth after penetration depends upon the initial front side crack length.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2002

The leak-before-break (LBB) behaviors of a structural component under high and low fatigue loads are an important problem in nuclear power plants, liquid nitrogen gas tankers and chemical plants. This paper is an experimental study to evaluate the crack opening behavior after penetration for plate and pipe specimens. Crack opening displacement after penetration under low fatigue load could be satisfactorily determined at the center of the plate thickness regardless of the specimen size. In the case of high fatigue load, it is shown that the crack opening displacement at the center of a penetrated crack carl be derived using the gross stress, $\sigma$/sug G/, and the front surface crack length, a$\_$s/, together with the back surface crack length, a$\_$b/.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.58-64
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• 2006

The security of stability for fractures of all sorts of parts and structure has become a first subject these days. We have need to organize fatigue characteristics of weldment because fatigue break out suddenly without a change of shape. In this study, we execute the fatigue test according to different of the welding method at the same materials. It was investigated about a fatigue limit according to welding methods of SMAW, FCAW and SAW at normal temperature and a frequency of 10Hz. The important results of the experimental study on fatigue characteristics of weldment are as follows: The fatigue limit of welding methods became low in the order of SMAW, FCAW, SAW.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.189-201
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• 2002

The interaction between hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (hmHEC), containing approximately 1 wt% side-alkyl chains of $C_{16}$, and an anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant was investigated. For a semi-dilute solution of 0.5 wt% hmHEC, the previously observed behaviour of a maximum in solution viscosity at intermediate SDS concentrations, followed by a drop at higher SDS concentrations, until above the cmc of surfactant when the solution resembles that of the unsubstituted polymer, was confirmed. Additionally, a two-phase region containing a hydrogel phase and a water-like supernatant was found at low SDS concentrations up to 0.2 wt%, a concentration which is akin to the critical association concentration, cac, of SDS in the presence of hmHEC. Above this concentration, SDS molecules bind strongly to form mixed micellar aggregates with the polymer alkyl side-chains, thus strengthening the network junctions, resulting in the observed increase in viscosity and elastic modulus of the solution. The shear behaviour of this polymer-surfactant complex during steady and step stress experiments was examined In great detail. Between SDS concentrations of 0.2 and 0.25 wt%, the shear viscosity of the hmHEC-polymer complex network undergoes shear-induced thickening, followed by a two-stage shear-induced fracture or break-up of the network. The thickening is thought to be due to structural rearrangement, causing the network of flexible polymers to expand, enabling some polymer hydrophobic groups to be converted from intra- to inter-chain associations. At higher applied stress, a partial local break-up of the network occurs, while at even higher stress, above the critical or network yield stress, a complete fracture of the network into small microgel-like units, Is believed to occur. This second network rupture is progressive with time of shear and no steady state in viscosity was observed even after 300 s. The structure which was reformed after the cessation of shear is found to be significantly different from the original state.