• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2002

A Carboxymethyl Cellulase (CMCase) has been isolated and purified from the edible mushroom, Stropharia rugosoannulata. The molecular weight of CMCase was estimated to be 54 kDa by SDS polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. The maximum activity of the purified CMCase was observed at pH 4.0 and $40^{\circ}C$, and stable for pH 3.0 to 11.0 to maintain 40% activity. The CMCase activity was activated by $AgNO_{3},\;MgSO_{4},\;and\;KCl$. However, its activity was inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, KCN and L-cysteine. Also, the enzyme activity was decreased by the addition of EDTA, suggesting that the purified CMCase is metalloenzyme.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.2 s.89
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• pp.94-99
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• 1999

For the purpose of utilizing cellulose resources by cellulolytic enzymes of Stropharia rugosoannulata, it's cultural conditions for the prodution of cellulolytic enzymes in synthetic media were investigated. The optimum pH for the production of Avicelase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was pH 5.0, while that of CMCase was pH 4.0. The optimum temperature for the production of Avicelase, CMCase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was $40^{\circ}C$. Among the carbon sources, xylose was good for the production of CMCase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$, but maltose was good for the production of Avicelase. The optimum concentration of the carbon sources for the production of CMCase, Avicelase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was 1.0, 0.8 and 1.1%, respectively. As inorganic nitrogen sources, $NH_4Cl$ was good for the production of all the three cellulolytic enzymes. The optimum concentration of $NH_4Cl$ for the production of CMCase was 0.3% while that of Avicelase and ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was 0.4%. As organic nitrogen sources, malt extract was good for the production of all the three cellulolytic enzymes. The optimum concentration of organic nitrogen for the production of ${\beta}-glucosidase$ was 1.3% while that of CMCase and Avicelase was 1.0%. As the mineral sources, $CoCl_2$ good for the was good for the production of all the three cellulolytic enzymes. The optimum concentration of $CoCl_2$ for the production of all the three enzymes was 0.35%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.589-593
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• 1998

Extracts from 65 species of mushrooms in mount Chiak were screened for their fibrinolytic activities. Extracts from Armillariella mellea, Calocybe sp., Lepista nuda and Trichaptum abietinum showed to have almost twice of activity of plasmin 1.5 U/ml, 193%, 213%, 198%, and 193% respectively. Collybia maculata showed 98% of activity, and Coprinus comatus and Lepiota sp. 56% and 58% activities, respectively. Other two, Agrocybe sp. and Stropharia rugosoannulata were less than 10% of activities.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.4 s.91
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• pp.274-279
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• 1999

The internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS) of the ribosomal DNA gene repeat from Coprinus and Psathyrella spp. were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. Sequences from 11 species including Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. cinereus, C. rhizophorus, C. radians, C. echinosporus, C. disseminatus, Psathyrella candolleana, P. spadiceogrisea and Stropharia rugosoannulata were compared. The spacer region I and II were $258{\sim}301\;bp\;and\;253{\sim}275\;bp$ in length respectively and partially contained 17S, 5.8S and 25S. The reciprocal homologies of ITS sequences among these strains were in the range of $43.9{\sim}96.0%$. According to the analysis of ITS sequences, Coprinus and Psathyrella spp. were classified into three clusters. Cluster I consisted of Coprinus lagopus, C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, and C. atramentarius. Cluster II comprised C. micaceus, C. radians, C. disseminatus, Psathyrella candolleana, and P. spadiceogrisea. On the other hand C. comatus is in Cluster III with Stropharia rugosoannulata even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. These results suggest that taxonomic position of Psathyrella would better be inculded in genus Coprinus. Coprinus comatus, the type species of Coprinus, gives a doubt on monophyletic evolution and is assumed to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.6 s.93
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• pp.406-411
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• 1999

The phylogenetic relationships of black-spored basidioid taxa (mainly coprinoid taxa) and an agaric-like gastroid taxon were studied. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) partially including 17S, 25S and 5.8S from 14 species (Coprinus comatus, C. atramentarius, C. micaceus, C. cinereus, C. disseminatus, C. rhizophorus, C. radians, C. echinosporus, Psathyrella candolleana, Podaxis pistillaris, Conocybe lactea, Bolbitius demangei, Agaricus balzei, and Stropharia rugosoannulata) were compared. The reciprocal homologies of ITS sequences among these species were in the range of $38.7{\sim}77.2%$. Black-spored taxa were classified into four clusters. Cluster I comprised C. micaceus, C. radians, and C. disseminata. Cluster II is consisted of C. cinereus, C. echinosporus, C. rhizophorus, and C. atramentarius. On the other hand, C. comatus is in cluster III with Agaricus balzei and Podaxis pistillaris even though this species is belonging to the section Coprinus in morphological aspect. Psathyrelloid taxon is included in cluster II. The question of the origin of secotioid (agaric-like) fungi has been taken, though largely on theoritical suggestions as to whether gastroid taxa give rise to agarics with secotioid taxa as intermediates or whether secotioid taxa are evolutionary novelities arising from many distinct groups of agarics. In this relationship, it was shown that secotioid taxon evolved from within agaric species.