• 대한화학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.128-133
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• 1965

Hydrazonium diphosphate 結晶은 單斜晶係에 屬하여 單位格子는 $a=4.52{\pm}0.02, b=8.06{\pm}0.03, c=10.74{\pm}0.03 {\AA}$ 및 ${\beta}=100{\pm}0.5^{\circ}$이다. 單位格子속에는 2個의 化學單位가 들어있으며 空間群은 $P2_1/C$이다. 이 物質의 結晶構造를 Flourier 合成法과 Patterson 合成法에 依하여 決定하였다. $PO_4^{+++}$ 이온은 大略 regular 한 正四面體를 이루고 있으며 P-O 距離의 平均値는 $1.55{\AA}$이다. $N_2H_6^{++}$ 이온에서 N-N 距離는 $1.40{\AA}$이며 이값은 $N_2H_6SO_4$結晶에서의 값과 一致한다. 한 分子內에는 對稱의 中心이 있으며 各 N 原子는 2.62, 2.79 및 $2.89{\AA}$의 距離를 갖인 N…O型 水素結合을 이루고 있다. 또 다른 $PO_4^{+++}$이온 間에는 $2.63{\AA}$의 距離를 가진 한個의 O…O 水素結合을 이루고 있다. 이 物質의 構造는 上記한 N…O 및 O…O水素結合으로 三次元的 network를 이루고 있다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.258-292
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• 1996

In the last year great interest appears to YBCO thin films preparation on different substrate materials. Preparation of epitaxial film is a very difficult problem. There are many requirements to substrate materials that must be fullfilled. Main problems are lattice mismatch (misfit) and similarity of structure. From paper [1] or follows that difference in interatomic distances and angles of substrate and film is mire important problem than similarity of structure. In this work we present interatomic distances and angle relations between substrate materials belonging to ABCO4 group (where A-Sr or Ca, B-rare earth element, C-Al or Ga) of different orientations and YBCO thin films. There are many materials used as substrates for HTsC thin films. ABCO4 group of compounds is characterized by small dielectric constants (it is necessary for microwave applications of HTsC films), absence of twins and small misfit [2]. There most interesting compounds CaNdAlO4, SrLaAlO4 and SrLaGaO4 were investigated. All these compounds are of pseudo-perovskite structure with space group 14/mmm. This structure is very similar to structure of YBCO. SLG substrate has the lowest misfit (0.3%) and dielectric constant. For preparation of then films of substrates of this group of compound plane of <100> orientation are mainly used. Good quality films of <001> orientations are obtained [3]. In this case not only a-a misfit play role, but c-3b misfit is very important too. Sometimes, for preparation of thin films substrates of <001> and <110> orientations were manufactured [3]. Different misfits for different YBCO faces have been analyzed. It has been found that the mismatching factor for (100) face is very similar to that for (001) face so there is possibility of preparation of thin films on both orientations. SrLaAlO4(SLA) and SrLaGaO4(SLG) crystals of general formula ABCO4 have been grown by the Czochralski method. The quality of SLA and SLG crystals strongly depends on axial gradient of temperature and growth and rotation rates. High quality crystals were obtained at axial gradient of temperature near crystal-melt interface lower than 50℃/cm, growth rate 1-3 mm/h and the rotation rate changing from 10-20pm[4]. Strong anisotropy in morphology of SLA and SLG single crystals grown by the Czochralski method is clearly visible. On the basics of our considerations for ABCO4 type of the tetragonal crystals there can appear {001}, {101}, and {110} faces for ionic type model [5]. Morphology of these crystals depend on ionic-covalent character of bonding and crystal growth parameters. Point defects are observed in crystals and they are reflected in color changes (colorless, yellow, green). Point defects are detected in directions perpendicular to oxide planes and are connected with instability of oxygen position in lattice. To investigate facets formations crystals were doped with Cr3+, Er3+, Pr3+, Ba2+. Chromium greater size ion which is substituted for Al3+ clearly induces faceting. There appear easy {110} faces and SLA crystals crack even then the amount of Cr is below 0.3at.% SLG single crystals are not so sensitive to the content of chromium ions. It was also found that if {110} face appears at the beginning of growth process the crystal changes its color on the plane {110} but it happens only on the shoulder part. The projection of {110} face has a great amount of oxygen positions which can be easy defected. Pure and doped SLA and SLG crystals measured by EPR in the<110> direction show more intensive lines than in other directions which allows to suggest that the amount of oxygen defects on the {110} plane is higher. In order to find the origin of colors and their relation with the crystal stability, a set of SLA and SLG crystals were investigated using optical spectroscopy. The colored samples exhibit an absorption band stretching from the UV absorption edge of the crystal, from about 240 nm to about 550 m. In the case of colorless sample, the absorption spectrum consists of a relatively weak band in the UV region. The spectral position and intensities of absorption bands of SLA are typical for imperfection similar to color centers which may be created in most of oxide crystals by UV and X-radiation. It is pointed out that crystal growth process of polycomponent oxide crystals by Czochralski method depends on the preparation of melt and its stoichiometry, orientation of seed, gradient of temperature at crystal-melt interface, parameters of growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth (rotation and pulling rate) and control of red-ox atmosphere during seeding and growth. Growth parameters have an influence on the morphology of crystal-melt interface, type and concentration of defects.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2015

피부는 외부 유해물질로부터 내부기관을 보호하는 장벽기능을 하는 대표적인 기관으로 자외선(ultraviolet radiation, UV), 중금속, 각종 산화 물질들과 같은 외부의 위협에 항상 노출되어 있어 손상을 받기 쉽다. 특히 자외선 B (UVB)는 진피의 상부까지 도달하여 화상이나 홍반과 같은 염증반응을 일으키며 멜라닌 생성을 촉진시켜 색소 침착을 유발한다. 지나친 자외선 B의 피부세포로의 유입은 각질세포 및 진피 섬유아세포의 DNA손상을 야기하고, 세포외기질의 합성을 방해하여 피부탄력감소, 주름생성, 진피 결합조직의 손상과 함께 피부장벽을 붕괴시켜 노화를 일으키며, 장기간 노출 시 심각한 피부 병변으로 이어져 피부세포 사멸 및 종양의 발생으로까지 이어진다. Haloarcula vallismortis는 사해로부터 분리 동정한 미생물로 호염성 고생물의 생장적 특징은 아직 자세히 연구된 바는 없다. 대게 10% 이상의 염도에서 자라는데 실제 생장염도는 평균 20 ~ 25% 염도에서 자란다. 염도가 높은 호수나 염전에서 주로 발견되기 때문에 강한 햇빛에 대한 방어기작이 존재한다. 그중 하나로 다른 ATP를 생성하기 위한 bacteriorhodopsin외에 halorhodopsin이라는 색소를 이용, 광자(photon)를 흡수하고 염화이온 채널을 개방시켜 생기는 전위차를 이용해 추가로 에너지를 생산한다. 또 carotenoid 색소로 인해 농도가 높을시 분홍색 또는 빨간색을 띄는 특징이 있는데 이것이 강한 자외선에 대한 방어기작을 할 것이라고 여겨진다. 본 연구는 호염성 고세균이 자외선을 에너지 소스로 이용하는 특성을 이용하여 자외선으로부터 피부를 방어하는 방법을 개발하고자 이들의 피부각질세포에서 자외선에 의한 항염 효과 및 DNA 손상 방어 효과를 확인하였다. 그리고 이들을 천연 자외선 차단제의 소재로서 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다.