• 제목/요약/키워드: Strong ground motions

검색결과 176건 처리시간 0.025초

Influence of strong ground motion duration on reinforced concrete walls

  • Flores, Camilo;Bazaez, Ramiro;Lopez, Alvaro
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • 제21권5호
    • /
    • pp.477-487
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study focuses on the influence of strong ground motion duration on the response and collapse probability of reinforced concrete walls with a predominant response in flexure. Walls with different height and mass were used to account for a broad spectrum of configurations and fundamental periods. The walls were designed following the specifications of the Chilean design code. Non-linear models of the reinforced concrete walls using a distributed plasticity approach were performed in OpenSees and calibrated with experimental data. Special attention was put on modeling strength and stiffness degradation. The effect of duration was isolated using spectrally equivalent ground motions of long and short duration. In order to assess the behavior of the RC shear walls, incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) were performed, and fragility curves were obtained using cumulative and non-cumulative engineering demand parameters. The spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the wall was used as the intensity measure (IM) for the IDAs. The results show that the long duration ground motion set decreases the average collapse capacity in walls of medium and long periods compared to the results using the short duration set. Also, it was found that a lower median intensity is required to achieve moderate damage states in the same medium and long period wall models. Finally, strength and stiffness degradation are important modelling parameters and if they are not included, the damage in reinforced concrete walls may be greatly underestimated.

주철근 겹침이음된 RC교각의 근단층지반운동에 대한 진동대 응답과 분석 (Shake Table Response and Analysis of RC Bridge Piers with Lap-Spliced Steel under NFGM)

  • 정영수;박창영;홍현기;박지호;심창수
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
    • /
    • 제20권4호
    • /
    • pp.451-458
    • /
    • 2008
  • 근단층지반운동 (near fault ground motion, NFGM)은 일반적으로 진앙거리가 약 10 km 이내인 지역에서 관측되는 장주기 성분의 펄스 형태를 갖는 지반운동으로서 단층의 파열 진행 방향이 전단파의 진행방향과 일치한다. 이들 두 파가 유사한 속도를 갖을 경우 서로 간섭을 일으키어 펄스 형태의 속도파를 발생시키며 단층에 수직한 방향의 속도성분에서 큰 펄스가 발생한다. 강진 지역에서는 NFGM에 대하여 많은 연구가 수행되었으나 우리나라와 같은 중저진 지역에서는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 최근 국내에서도 NFGM에 대한 모델링을 제시되었다. 따라서 이들이 발생할 경우의 피해에 대해 많은 관심이 고조되고 있다. 최근까지 국내에서 수행된 RC 교각에 대한 내진 실험은 축소 모형의 경우 국내에 있는 진동대 용량의 한계 및 지진에 의한 교각 상부 구조물의 가속력 구현 방법의 어려움 등으로 수행하기 힘든 여건이 있었다. 그리고 주로 원역지진지반가속도 (far fault ground motion, 이후 FFGM)를 모형화한 준정적 (Quasi-static) 혹은 유사동적 (Pseudo-dynamic) 실험으로 이루어져 왔다. 그 결과 RC교각은 내진성능을 위하여 충분한 연성도를 확보하고 있어야 하는데 소성힌지영역 내에 주철근의 겹침이음이 있게 되면 겹침이음부의 조기파괴가 발생하게 되어 세계 각국의 내진설계규정은 교각의 소성힌지구간에서 주철근겹침이음을 금지하고 있다. 따라서, 이 연구는 주철근의 겹침이음을 시험변수로 가진 RC 교각의 내진성능을 근단층지반운동에 대해서 평가하기 위해서 축소모형을 제작하고 진동대 실험을 수행하였다.

Preliminary strong ground motion simulation at seismic stations within nuclear power plant sites in South Korea by a scenario earthquake on the causative fault of 2016 Gyeongju earthquake

  • Choi, Hoseon
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • 제54권7호
    • /
    • pp.2529-2539
    • /
    • 2022
  • Stochastic and an empirical Green's function (EGF) methods are preliminarily applied to simulate strong ground motions (SGMs) at seismic stations within nuclear power plant (NPP) sites in South Korea by an assumed large earthquake with MW6.5 (scenario earthquake) on the causative fault of the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake with MW5.5 (mainshock). In the stochastic method, a ratio of spectral amplitudes of observed and simulated waveforms for the mainshock is assumed to be an adjustment factor. In the EGF method, SGMs by the mainshock are simulated assuming SGMs by the 2016 Gyeongju earthquake with MW5.0 (foreshock) as the EGF. To simulate SGMs by the scenario earthquake, a ratio of fault length to width is assumed to be 2:1 in the stochastic method, and SGMs by the mainshock are assumed to be EGF in the EGF method. The results are similar based on a bias of the simulated response spectra by the two methods, and the simulated response spectra by the two methods exceeded commonly standard design response spectra anchored at 0.3 g of NPP sites slightly at a frequency band above 4 Hz, but considerable attention to interpretation is required since it is an indirect comparison.

Fukuoka 연속 지진의 관측자료를 이용한 수평 응답스펙트럼 특성 분석 (Analysis of Characteristics of Horizontal Response Spectrum of Ground Motions from Fukuoka Earthquakes Series)

  • 김준경
    • 터널과지하공간
    • /
    • 제24권5호
    • /
    • pp.354-365
    • /
    • 2014
  • 2005년 3월 20일 규모 6.5의 후쿠오카 본진이 발생하였고 이후 발생한 규모 3.7 이상의 15 개 중규모 후쿠오카 지진으로부터 관측된 지반진동 파형을 이용하여 수평 응답스펙트럼을 분석하였다. 결과를 국내 원자력 관련 구조물의 내진설계 기준과 국내 일반 구조물 및 건축물 내진설계기준과 각각 비교하였다. 수평성분 178개 지반진동을 이용하여 고유진동수별 지반응답을 구하고 최대 지반 가속도 값을 이용하여 정규화 분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과는 응답값에 대한 진앙거리 의존성이 대단히 크다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 국내 원자력시설물의 내진기준인 Regulatory Guide 1.60과 비교한 결과는 일부 구간 즉 약 8 ~ 10 Hz 구간과 약 16 ~ 20 Hz의 2개의 구간에서 표준편차를 더한 값이 Regulatory Guide 1.60 보다 약간 초과함을 보여 주었다. 또한 국내 일반 구조물 및 건축물 내진설계 응답스펙트럼을 3 개 지반조건에 적용한 결과는 거의 모든 주기 대역에서 분석된 응답스펙트럼이 SE 지반조건의 설계 응답스펙트럼(500년 재래주기, 지진구역 1, SE 지반조건)을 초과하고 있다. 500년 재래주기는 가장 약한 내진 설계기준에 해당하기 때문에 거의 모든 주기 대역에서 본 연구로부터 분석된 응답스펙트럼이 해당 기준을 초과하고 있다. 신뢰성을 보다 증가시키기 위해 향후 한반도 및 한반도 주변 해외 발생지진으로부터 관측된 지진자료를 대폭적으로 보강하여 관측 지진자료의 다양성을 유지하는 것이 필요하다.

경주지진에 의한 곡선교량의 내진 안전성 평가 (Seismic Performance Evaluation of Curved Bridges by Gyeong-Ju Earthquakes)

  • Jeon, Jun-Tai
    • 한국재난정보학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제14권1호
    • /
    • pp.43-50
    • /
    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 곡선형 보의 선형탄성 3D Solid 유한요소 모델을 구축하고 외력이 작용하였을 때 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 유한요소 해석결과와 이론해 결과의 오차는 대부분의 위치에서 1% 내외로 발생하는 것으로 보아 이론해와 잘 부합한다고 판단된다. 검증된 유한요소 모델을 이용하여 시간이력해석을 수행하였으며 시간이력해석결과 경주 지진파 적용 시 가장 작은 결과가 나타났으며 이는 경주 지진파의 특성이 고주파 성분의 영역의 특성을 보이기 때문이다. 또한 곡선형 보의 곡률중심을 $45^{\circ}$로 감소시켜 동적 해석을 수행하였을 때 Lomaprieta 지진파의 Von-Mises 결과가 647.824MPa로 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

Pounding analysis of RC bridge considering spatial variability of ground motion

  • Han, Qiang;Dong, Huihui;Du, Xiuli;Zhou, Yulong
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • 제9권5호
    • /
    • pp.1029-1044
    • /
    • 2015
  • To investigate the seismic pounding response of long-span bridges with high-piers under strong ground motions, shaking table tests were performed on a 1/10-scaled bridge model consisting of three continuous spans with rigid frames and one simply-supported span. The seismic pounding responses of this bridge model under different earthquake excitations including the uniform excitation and the traveling wave excitations were experimentally studied. The influence of dampers to the seismic pounding effects at the expansion joints was analyzed through nonlinear dynamic analyses in this research. The seismic pounding effects obtained from numerical analyses of the bridge model are in favorable agreement with the experimental results. Seismic pounding effect of bridge superstructures is dependent on the structural dynamic properties of the adjacent spans and characteristics of ground motions. Moreover, supplemental damping can effectively mitigate pounding effects of the bridge superstructures, and reduce the base shear forces of the bridge piers.

Seismic behavior of the shallow clayey basins subjected to obliquely incident wave

  • Khanbabazadeh, Hadi;Iyisan, Recep;Ozaslan, Bilal
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
    • /
    • 제31권2호
    • /
    • pp.183-195
    • /
    • 2022
  • Under the effects of the near-field earthquakes, the incident angle of the incoming wave could be different. In this study, the influences of some parameters such as incident angle, basin edge, peak ground acceleration level of the bedrock motion as well as different clay types with different consistency on the amplification behavior of the shallow basins are investigated. To attain this goal, the numerical analyses of the basins filled with three different clay types are performed using a fully nonlinear method. The two dimensional models of the basins are subjected to a set of strong ground motions with different peak ground acceleration levels and three different incident angles of 30◦, 45◦ and 90◦ with respect to the horizontal axes. The results show the dominant effect of the obliquely subjected waves at most cases. The higher effect of the 45◦ incident angle on the basin response was concluded. In the other part of this study, the spectral amplification curves of the surface points were compared. It was seen that the maximum spectral amplification of different surface points occurs at different periods. Also, it is affected by the increase in the peak acceleration level of the incoming motions.

Input energy spectrum damping modification factors

  • Onur Merter;Taner Ucar
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • 제26권3호
    • /
    • pp.219-228
    • /
    • 2024
  • This study examines damping modification factors (DMFs) of elastic input energy spectra corresponding to a set of 116 earthquake ground motions. Mean input energy per mass spectra and mean DMFs are presented for both considered ground motion components. Damping ratios of 3%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% are used and the 5% damping ratio is considered the benchmark for DMF computations. The geometric mean DMFs of the two horizontal components of each ground motion are computed and coefficients of variation are presented graphically. The results show that the input energy spectra-based DMFs exhibit a dependence on the damping ratio at very short periods and they tend to be nearly constant for larger periods. In addition, mean DMF variation is obtained graphically for also the damping ratio, and mathematical functions are fitted as a result of statistical analyses. A strong correlation between the computed DMFs and the ones from predicted equations is observed.

한반도 지각 구조로 인한 이상 강진동 관측 및 해석 (Large Ground Motion Related to Crustal Structure in Korea)

  • 김광희;강수영;민동주;석봉출;류용규
    • 한국지구과학회지
    • /
    • 제29권7호
    • /
    • pp.559-566
    • /
    • 2008
  • 2007년 1월 20일 규모 4.8의 오대산 지진 관측기록을 사용하여 강진동 발생에 있어서 지각구조의 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 강진동을 발생시키는 위상을 규명하였으며, 지진위험성 평가에 있어서의 의미를 고찰하였다. 관측자료와 파형모사 분석 결과, 지각-맨틀 경계에서 반사된 파가 예상보다 큰 지진동을 발생시킴을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 우리나라와 같은 지진활동이 많지 않은 지역에서도 지진위험저감 연구에서 지각구조를 고려하여야 함을 보여주고 있다.

Maximum damage prediction for regular reinforced concrete frames under consecutive earthquakes

  • Amiri, Gholamreza Ghodrati;Rajabi, Elham
    • Earthquakes and Structures
    • /
    • 제14권2호
    • /
    • pp.129-142
    • /
    • 2018
  • The current paper introduces a new approach for development of damage index to obtain the maximum damage in the reinforced concrete frames caused by as-recorded single and consecutive earthquakes. To do so, two sets of strong ground motions are selected based on maximum and approximately maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) from "PEER" and "USGS" centers. Consecutive earthquakes in the first and second groups, not only occurred in similar directions and same stations, but also their real time gaps between successive shocks are less than 10 minutes and 10 days, respectively. In the following, a suite of six concrete moment resisting frames, including 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 stories, are designed in OpenSees software and analyzed for more than 850 times under two groups of as-recorded strong ground motion records with/without seismic sequences phenomena. The idealized multilayer artificial neural networks, with the least value of Mean Square Error (MSE) and maximum value of regression (R) between outputs and targets were then employed to generate the empirical charts and several correction equations for design utilization. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed damage index, calibration of the new approach to existing real data (the result of Park-Ang damage index 1985), were conducted. The obtained results show good precision of the developed ANNs-based model in predicting the maximum damage of regular reinforced concrete frames.