• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1997 no.05
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 1997

In this paper, we consider the aortic sinus baroreceptor, which is the most representative baroreceptors sensing the variance of pressure in the cardiovascular system(CVS), and propose heart activity control model to observe the effect of delay time in heart period and stroke volume under the regulation of baroreflex in arotic sinus. The proposed heart activity baroreflex regulation model contains CVS electric circuit sub-model, baroreflex regulation sub-model and time delay sub-model. In these models, applied electric circuit sub-model is researched by B.C.Choi and the baroreflex regulation sub-model transforms the input, the arotic pressure of CVS electric circuit sub-model, to outputs, heart period and stroke volume by mathematical nonlinear feedback. We constituted the time delay sub-model to observe sensitivity of heart activity baroreflex regulation model by using the variable value to represent the control signal transmission time from the output of baroreflex regulation model to efferent nerve through central nervous system. The simulation object of this model is to observe variability of the CVS by variable value in time delay sub-model. As simulation results, we observe three patterns of CVS variability by the time delay. First, if the time delay is over 2.5 sec, arotic pressure, stroke volume and heart rate is observed nonperiodically and irregularly. Second, if the time delay is from between 0.1 sec and 0.25 sec, the regular oscillation is observed. Finally, if time delay is under 0.1 sec, then heart rate and arotic pressure-heart rate trajectory is maintained in stable state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2016

Many medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of edema, jaundice, and gonorrhea in traditional Oriental medicine. This screening study was designed to search the positive inotropic effects of herbal extracts in beating rabbit atria. Aquarius extracts of twenty six herbs were examined in atrial mechanical dynamics such as pulse pressure and stroke volume and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), one of the main hormones involved in the regulation of the body fluid and blood pressure homeostasis in perfused beating rabbit atria. Sophora flavescens Ait., Rheum officinale Baill., Acorus gramineus Sol., Chelidonium majus L., Pulsatilla koreana Nakai., Reynoutria japonica Houtt., Euphorbia lathyris L., Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farwell, Poncirus trifoliata Rafin., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Kochia scoparia Schrad. significantly increased stroke volume and pulse pressure. However, those herbal extracts were not induced ANP secretion. We clarified the eleven herbal extracts for the positive inotropic effect independent of ANP secretion in beating rabbit atria. Thus these results provide a beneficial data for the treatment of the impairment of body fluid and blood pressure in traditional Oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.28-41
• /
• 2023

Objectives: This study was aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic feasibility using pulse parameters as a way to establish safe dose guidelines for herbal prescription containing Ephedra herb (Ephedra intermedia Schrenk & C.A.Mey) on weight loss, and to provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines for clinical use. Methods: Forty-two volunteers were recruited to participate in a study examining the changes in pulse wave characteristics following the ingestion of Gambi-hwan, a herbal prescription containing ephedra, over a period of 4 weeks, and pulse wave measurements were taken before and after the administration. Pulse wave parameters were measured in this study using a 3-dimensional radial pulse tonometry device (DMP-Lifeplus). In addition, questionnaire, blood pressure, temperature, and body composition were also measured as secondary measures. Results: Fifteen minutes after administration of Gambi-hwan, the non-adverse event group (non-AE) exhibited a statistically significant increase in several power and pressure-related parameters, including h1, h5, systolic area, pulse area, and pulse width, while the AE group showed a trend of decreasing stroke volume and increasing Radial Augmentation Index (RAI), w, and w/t. After 4 weeks of administration, both groups exhibited significant changes in pulse rate, w/t, RAI, t3/t, stroke volume (SV), and stroke volume Index (SVI). Notably, there are significant differences between AE group and non-AE group in w/t, SV, and SVI. Conclusions: These findings suggest that pulse parameters may be a useful way to establish safe dosing guidelines for weight loss herbal prescription containing ephedra. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to develop evidence-based guidelines for clinical use.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2022

■Objective The purpose of this case report is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatment on a patient with pontine infarction complaining of discomfort due to aggravated voiding dysfunction after the onset of the stroke. ■Methods The patient was hospitalized for 44 days and treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion, and interferential current therapy(ICT). We checked the amount of self-voided volume and postvoid residual urine volume(PVR), and asked the patient to subjectively evaluate the degree of discomfort due to voiding dysfunction. ■Results After 44 days of hospitalization, the patient responded that the subjective discomfort due to residual urine remained 30% and delayed urine remained 50% compared to the day of admission. The maximum amount of PVR was 234 ml on the 3^rd day, and the minimum amount of PVR was checked on 25^th and 35^th day as 0 ml. ■Conclusions This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment may be effective in the treatment of voiding dysfunction after stroke.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.30 no.11
• /
• pp.939-946
• /
• 2020

Stroke is one of the leading causes of neurological disability worldwide and stroke patients exhibit a range of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric impairments. GPR88 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is highly expressed in striatal medium spiny neurons; its deletion results in poor motor coordination and motor learning. There are currently no studies on the involvement of GPR88 in stroke or in post-stroke brain function recovery. In this study, we found a decrease in GPR88 protein and mRNA expression levels in an ischemic mouse model using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. In addition, we observed that, among the three types of cells derived from the brain (brain microvascular endothelial cells, BV2 microglial cells, and HT22 hippocampal neuronal cells), the expression of GPR88 was highest in HT22 neuronal cells, and that GPR88 expression was downregulated in HT22 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. Moreover, pretreatment with RTI- 13951-33 (10 mg/kg), a brain-penetrant GPR88 agonist, ameliorated brain injury following ischemia, as evidenced by improvements in infarct volume, vestibular-motor function, and neurological score. Collectively, our results suggest that GPR88 could be a potential drug target for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2005

Backgrounds: Intracerebral hemon-hage is one of the most devastating types of stroke. Ginseng radix, the root of Panax Ginseng, C. A. MEYER (Araliaceae), is one of the most famous medicinal herbs with various therapeutic applications. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of aqueous extract of Ginseng radix on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal cell death in rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: Step-down avoidance task, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used for this study. Results: The present results show that hemorrhage-induced lesion volume and apoptotic neuronal cell death in the striatum were significantly suppressed by treatment with Ginseng radix, resulting in enhancement of short-ten-n memory. Conclusions: We have shown that Ginseng radix has a neuroprotective effect on stroke, and aids the recovery from central nervous system sequelae following stroke.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2003

In a diesel engine, air-fuel mixture formation and ignition delay period have great influence on the performance of engine. Their main factors are combustion chamber shape, fuel injection system. air volume, air flow and so on. So, the combustion process in the cylinder is complex because of many factors which have direct and indirect effects on it. In this study, we take into consideration of scavenging pressure and scavenging temperature that are hewn as the main factor to the combustion process of two-stroke D.1. diesel engine. It is taken a picture of the combustion flame process for combustion chamber of re-entrant type and cylindrical type. So, it is applied to the basis data of combustion chamber design from an image analysis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2022

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of wearing a mask and different mask filters on the respiratory function of stroke patients. Methods : A total of 15 stroke patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The respiratory functions were compared between participants with and without masks and among respiratory functions with three different mask filters. The order of using masks was non-wearing masks, Dental masks, KF80 masks, and KF94 masks; the difference in respiratory volumes among these conditions were measured. For accuracy of the measurement, sufficient education on the respiratory measurement method was provided to the researcher, and the heart rate of the participants was estimated to confirm their stability before the measurements. To ensure accuracy, the subjects were educated on the researchers' respiratory measurement methods. Each measurement was followed by 10 min breathing stability before replacing the next mask. Results : The results of this study showed that the difference in respiratory functions, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), in stroke patients was statistically significant among different masks (p<.05). Afterwards, the values of FVC, FEV₁, and MVV in stroke patients wearing masks were significantly lower than those of the non-masked control group (p<.05). The difference in respiratory functions with different mask filters showed no statistical significance (p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed that participants wearing any of the masks presented a lower respiratory function than that of those without using masks; additionally, no difference in respiratory functions was observed with differences in mask filters. Therefore, wearing a mask for a prolonged period is confirmed to affect breathing in stroke patients with weak respiratory function.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.1 s.19
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2007

In the post-genome era, analysis of the cellular transcriptome using microarray or the cellular proteome using a 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry are most widely used. Stroke is one of the most important causes of death along with cancer and cardiac disease. When pathological change of cells in developed from cerebral ischemia accompanied by stroke administration of neuroprotective drugs before stroke can decreases the degeneration of neuronal cells. The purpose of the present study was to assess the neuroprotective effect and protein expression after administration of P004, middle cerebral artery model of cerebral ischemia in rats. SD rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. P004 (1,000 mg/kg) was administered 2 times at 0, 90 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Rats were killed at 48 hours, and infarct area and volume were determined by histology and computerized image analysis. We investigated the protein expression profile on the global ischemia induced by MCAo. This proteomic analysis enable us to identify several proteins differently expressed in infarct brain tissue. The aims of this study were to do investigation comparing the neuroprotection activities of P004 and to understand the mechanism of acted as neuroprotective drug.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.619-627
• /
• 2012

This study was experimentally investigated on the effects of spring stiffness applied to linear compressor chambers. The springs prevented piston head from colliding with engine cover, stored the kinetic energy and regenerated the kinetic energy. The linear engine has two combustion chambers and four compressor chamber. The combustion chamber bore size was 30 mm, maximum stroke was 31 mm and effective stroke volume was 25.45 cc respectively. The spring stiffness was varied such as 0, 0.5, 1.00, 2.9 and 14.7 N/mm. The linear engine was fueled with premixed LPG (propane 99%) and air by pre-mixture device. As an experimental result, The stroke, piston velocity and the piston frequency were increased by high spring stiffness. Also, thermal efficiency was grown. because the increased stroke made the higher compression ratio. In conclusion, electric power and efficiency were improved.