• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2003

In this paper a 6 degree-of-freedom robot was studied for medical purpose. In the past the robot used for industry field was utilized for medical robot but in these days the robot used for rehabilitation. welfare, and service. This system was Proposed for a stroke patient or a patient who can not use one arm. A master-slave system was constructed to exercise either paralysis or abnormal arm using normal arms movement. Study on the human body motion result was applied to calculate a movement range of humans elbow and shoulder. In addition, a force-torque sensor is applied to estimate the rehabilitation extent of the patient in the slave robot. Therefore, the stability of the rehabilitation robot could be improved. By using the rehabilitation robot, the Patient could exercise by himself without any assistance In conclusion. the proposed system and control algorithm were verified by computer simulation and system experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1425-1433
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• 2011

We investigated an early rehabilitation training system that increase the intensity of patient rehabilitation training to shorten the time it takes for patients to progress to a secondary rehabilitation training stage by allowing patients incapable of self-ambulation. It consisted of tilting bed, unstable platform using strong springs and training program for lower limb rehabilitation. We performed experimental study on the muscular activities of tibialis anterior(TA), soleus(SO), gastrocnemius(GA) in the lower extremities during training of straight line, circle, quardrangle pattern during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$. The muscle activities were higher during tilting angle of $30^{\circ}$ than $60^{\circ}$. In straight line pattern, the muscle activities were higher by SO, GA and TA during medio-lateral direction, however, by TA, SO and GA during anterio-posterior direction. In circle and quardrangle pattern, the muscle activities were higher by TA, SO and GA during clockwise and counterclockwise direction. The results indicate that the early rehabilitation training system could be applied to improve the lower extremity muscular strength for elderly and patients, especially, stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2014

Objective: We developed a Motor-Assisted Rowing Machine (MARM) for Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), by modification of the Concept II rowing machine, so that the seats could be operated automatically in a backward and forward direction by a motor. Design: Case report. Methods: Motor rowing consisted of a chair with inclination control, a motor system, control button, monitor, program, leg supporter, safety belt, and seat. The patients were 2 men rowing athletes with SCI, classified as American Spinal Injury Association class B, participated in the study. Level of thoracic injury ranged from T8 to T10. The subjects rowed at a self-selected stroke rate with 50 watts. Two different rowing methods (static rowing without movement of the seat, dynamic rowing using MARM) were assigned to each participant during 10 minutes; 34 reflective markers were attached to their full bodies. Kinematic data were collected using the Vicon motion analysis system. Based on the full body model provided as a default by the equipment. In the rowing exercise, the rowing motions were divided into Drive Phase and Recovery Phase. Results: The two rowing methods differ in handle range, seat range, handle and seat ratio, handle velocity, and seat velocity during static and dynamic rowing. The rowing exercise using a rowing machine developed MARM increased tendency to the range of motion in the dynamic method compared to the static method. Conclusions: The newly developed MARM could be a useful whole body exercise for people with SCI.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

The requirement of rehabilitation is increasing from the stroke, spinal cord injury. One of the most difficult part is the upper limb rehabilitation because of its nervous complexity. A rehabilitation has effectiveness when a professional therapist treats in work at facility, but it has problems of an accessibility, a constant availability, a self-participation and taking lots of cost and time. In this paper, we test and experiment the accuracy and execution time of the pattern recognition algorithms like PCA, ICA, LDA, SVM to show the recognition possibility of it on the upper limb function from the 3D trajectory information which is gathered from stereo vision sensor(Kinect). From the result, PCA, ICA have low accuracy, but LDA, SVM have good accuracy to use for physical rehabilitation on the upper limb function.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

Objectives On the point of modern preventive medicine, Sasang Constitutional Meidicine(SCM) has the thoughts of preventive medicine. Modern preventive medicine has the three dimensional prevention; primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. The preventive thoughts of SCM concerning three dimensional prevention have been investigated in this article. Method Materials and references were collected about the prevention of SCM. Lee Jema's books such as Donguisusebowon, Gyeokchigo and Donguisusebowon Chobonguen were included. Result and Conclusions As the primary prevention of SCM, Regimen according to ages, explanation according to health index as Myeongmaeksilsu(命脈實數), moderation of four ruinous causes such as intoxication, seduction, opulence and authority, adequate social life and control of 4 kinds of emotions(sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure) are included. As the secondary prevention of SCM, explanation according to disease index, fragile Organs and frequently acquired diseases according to constitutions are included. As the tertiary prevention of SCM, rehabilitation for the stroke patients according to constitutions is included. In conclusion, SCM has all of 3 dimensional prevention methods although that might be applied with modern considerate modification.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 1996

This paper reviews physiological changes in the nervous system of patients with hemiparesis that may contribute to muscle weakness. The discussion includes the important role that alterations in the physiology of motor units, notably changes in firing rates and muscle fiber atrophy, play in the manifestation of muscle weakeness. This role is compared with the lesser role that spasticity of the antagonist muscle group appears to play in determining the weakness of agonist muscles. The contribution of other factors that result in mechanical restraint of the agonist by the antagonist is discussed relative to muscle weakness in patients with hemiparesis. More studies on patients with hemiparesis are required to assess what role muscle strength training should play in rehabiliting patients after a stroke.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.493-494
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• 2002

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.487-494
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical horseback riding training on trunk control, balance function in stroke patients. 15 stroke patients were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental(n=7) and control(n=8). All subjects received a routine physical therapy. The mechanical horseback riding training was for 30 min in the case of the EG subjects. This study was carried out approximately 8 weeks from March 4 to May 3. The assessment tools of this study involved the trunk control test, postural assessment scale for stroke, Berg balance scale and timed up and go test. The measurements were recorded before the intervention and after the intervention. In the cases of the EG subjects and CG subjects, the variables measured after the intervention significantly differed from trunk control test, postural assessment scale for stroke, Berg balance scale and timed up and go test before the intervention (p<.05). Also, there were significant differences in trunk control test, postural assessment scale for stroke, Berg balance scale and timed up and go test at post test between the 2 groups (p<.05). The findings indicate that mechanical horseback riding training exerts a positive effect on trunk control, balance function in stroke patients. Further studies are required to generalize the result of this study.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.46-91
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• 1994

l. Backgrounds of Studies Cerebrovascular accident. one of the three major causes of death among audults with cardiopathy and malignancy, has been on the increase in korea while it is on the decrease in European countries and Japan. Types of stroke undergo changes caused by prolongment of life expectancy. and social and economic variety. More patients of ischemic stroke show a tendency to increase now than those of hemorrhagic stroke in the past. Many clinical studies on medical cerebrovascular and oriental stroke of paralysis have been published. but few clinical studies on therapeutics of integrated oriental and western medicine are to be found. So I have made an attempt to study clinical observations and therapeutic responses of ischemic stroke under integrated oriental and western medicine. 2.Methods. Among the patients admitted into the clinic of Joong-Poong, Woo-Suk University Hospital from May 1. 1993 until April 30. 1994 those 56 patients who were diagnosed as ischemic stroke on Computed Tomography(CT) and showed no dubious symptom after examination of coagulation and bleeding time were classified into the following six steps and treated: l)diagnosis 2)emergency treatment 3)basic treatment 4)treatment of risk and provoking factors. and preceeding disease 5)complications and conservative therapy 6)rehabilitation. For a period of basic treatment both herb medication and urokinase therapy were applied at the same time. Intravenous injection has been given at a unit of 300.000 dosage a day as urokinase therapy during basic treatment. If they showed any dubious symptom in glucose tolerance test. fructose 500ml and urokinase 300.000 dosage were mixed and injected. In case of no symptom 5% DW 500ml was mixed with urokinase 300.000 unit. and injected at a speed of 15gtt per minute. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The level of ambulation has been improved from 42.9% when admitted to 73.2% when discharged in the degree of recovery. The level of severe function disorder has been remarkably decreased from 55.4% when admitted to 19.6% when discharged. 2) The treatment effect on the basis of therapeutic response of clinical and subjective symptom shows as follows: 7.1% Excellent. 35.7% Good. 37.5% Effective. 10.7% Stationary. and 8.9% Aggravated. The total recovery above effective shows 80.3%. Judging from the above results I think it proper to develop the model of better preventing and treating ischemic stroke through effective therapeutic and clinical studies of integrated oriental and western medicine.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify levels of activity of daily living, self-efficacy. stroke specific quality of life and need for self-help management program for patients with hemiplegia in the home. Data were collected from June to November, 2000 and subjects were 88 poststroke patients who lived in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of 5 scales: activities of daily living, self-efficacy, stroke specific qulaity of life and need for a self-help management program. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percent, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SAS(version 6.12) program. The results are as follows ; 1) Most of subjects were Partially independent in ADL, but they needed assist once to do dressing, bathing meal preparation and house keeping work. 2) The mean self-efficacy score was 54.89(range : 1 to 80) and the individual differences were large. 3) Subjects responded that they were satisfied on the stroke specific quality of life scale totaled 65.8%. This value is comparatively low, especially for social role(51.4%), family functioning(58.3%) and mood (62.2%). 4) The highest needs for self-help management programs were for physical therapy, stress management, and range of motion exercise and the lowest needs were for elimination management and training, family counseling, and speech therapy. 5) On the demographic variables, sex showed significant differences for the dependent variables. Females had higher scores than males for IADL, self-efficacy, stroke-specific quality of life, and need for self-help management. 6) Age had high negative correlation with ADL, self-efficacy and stroke specific quality of life. Age was also correlated with need for self-help management. In conclusion, there was a high correlation for ADL, Self-efficacy and Quality of life in poststroke patients of home. The patient with a stroke also had a strong need for self-help management programs especially physical therapy and stress management. Therefore rehabilitation programs based on self-efficacy enhancement need to be developed in order to promote independent living for patients with hemiplegia.