• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.657-665
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture applied at the ST36 point on blood pressure and endothelial dependent vasodilation in hypertensive patients. Methods : 24 hypertensive patients were recruited and randomized to a study group (12 subjects) or a control group (12 subjects). Both groups took FMD (endothelial-dependant, flow-mediated dilation) measurement and then acupuncture needles were inserted at ST36 for the study group. In the control group, they took sham acupuncture as a control. FMD was rechecked after 10-min acupuncture treatment. Blood pressure was measured before and after acupuncture treatment. Results : FMD increased significantly in the study group after acupuncture (9.5${\pm}$2.0% to 11.1${\pm}$2.2%), but not in the control group. In both groups, there were no changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusions : Acupuncture on ST36 appears to improve endothelial dysfunction of hypertensive patients and this might result from inducing activation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical impairments and daily activities on the basis of the outcome measurements in stroke patients. Seventy-six stroke patients participated in this study. Two physical therapists evaluated 3 clinical common measurements, i.e., the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Multiple regression analysis was used, as the dependent variables were the BBS and FIM; the independent variables were post-stroke duration, FMA of Upper Extremity (FMU), and FMA of Lower Extremity (FML). In the regression equation of the BBS, the coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was .383, and the FML was found to be the most important variable for determining the BBS score. In the regression equation of the FIM, $R^2$ was .531, and the FML was found to be the most important variable for determining the FIM. These results suggest that there is a need to determine the function of activities on the basis of the physical impairments of stroke patients. More variable measurement tools on the levels of body function and structure, as well as activity limitations are required.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

Insamsansa-eum (Renshenshanzha-yin, ISE) is a new medicine developed to prevent and treat atherosclerotic diseases. To explore antiatherosclerotic effects of ISE, we evaluated the effects of ISE on serum lipids of hypercholesterolemic rats in vivo, as well as its antioxidant activities in vitro. In vitro, ISE showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging activities, and inhibited hemolysis induced by 2,2' -azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH) in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, ISE significantly inhibited increase of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) values in both high cholesterol diet and Triton WR-1339 models. It also significantly inhibited decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) value in the high cholesterol diet model. Collectively, our data suggest that ISE has the potential to control the risk of atherosclerosis development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the effect size for pulmonary function and gait capacity of treadmill exercise in stroke patients. In addition, we aimed to examine the current status of treadmill interventions and compare the effect sizes of treadmill training to provide evidence-based practice for future development and application. Methods : The meta-analysis study was conducted using research articles that applied treadmill exercise to stroke patients and were published between January 2005 and February 2020. For a systematic meta-analysis, we conducted a search using the PICOS framework and selected 25 domestic stroke- and treadmill-related studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program was used to calculate the effect sizes for lung function and gait capacity (6-minute walk test and 10 m walk test). As Cohen's d has a tendency to overestimate the effect size, we used Hedge's g to increase the accuracy in computing the effect size. Results : Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the total effect size of treadmill exercise was 0.535, which was statistically significant, with a medium effect size (p<0.05). The effects of treadmill exercise in stroke patients were divided into dependent variables, namely pulmonary function (0.372) and gait capacity (0.584). In addition, for gait capacity, the effect sizes were evaluated for both the 6-minute walk test (0.756) and the 10 m walk test (0.514). Conclusion : This study provides objective evidence of the effectiveness of treadmill-based gait training programs. We hope that the results of this study will help support the development and implementation of treadmill-based gait training in stroke patients. Treadmill training is expected to improve not only pulmonary function, but also the gait capacity of stroke patients. Long-term investigations on the effects of treadmill training in stroke patients are necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the functional state of stroke patients after discharge from hospital. Methods : The data was provided from a hospital in Wonju, Gangwon-do. The subjects of the analysis were those who were admitted to the emergency room due to stroke from July to December 2016. The dependent variable was the patient's functional status as measured by the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Independent variables were demographic factors (age, sex, and marriage status), transportation and distance factors (transportation, travel distance), inpatient factors (lengths of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Tissue plasminogen activator, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Hierarchial regression analysis was applied for the analysis. Results : In the hierarchical regression analysis, Model 3, including socio-demographic factors, transportation, distance factors, and inpatient factors, was the best fitted model. It showed that functional status of stroke patients was positively associated with age, length of stay, CCI, NIHSS, and negatively associated with unmarried status. Conclusions : Results indicated that management of stroke requires care from the pre-disease stage, and a customized education program policy is needed for high-risk stroke patients who are older and have comorbid illness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2011

Purpose: Family-caregivers of stroke patients usually go through hardship and life style changes during the protracted course of a family member's rehabilitation. There is need for programs to educate family-caregivers to better manage the medical crisis. In this study an evaluation was done of the degrees of burden and well-being experienced by primary family-caregivers following video-guided education (VGE) on rehabilitation and family lifestyle changes. Method: Fifty-eight primary family-caregivers of stroke patients on a neurological ward were divided into VGE (29) and control (29) groups. VGE was started within 7 days of patient admission. Interventions included VGE, counseling, and demonstration - re-demonstration. The control group received standard education but not VGE. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, ANCOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SAS program. Results: The VGE group had a significantly lower score for total burden (F=7.19, p=.010) and for sub-scale of time-dependent burden (F=8.44, p=.005) than the control group. There was a negative correlation between primary family-caregiver burden and well-being (r=-.7151, p<.001). Conclusion: Results suggest that the rehabilitation program using VGE was an effective nursing intervention to reduce the burden of primary family-caregivers of stroke patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of task-oriented arm training for chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. The experimental design in this study was the pre-test and post-test with control group for 4-week intervention. Thirty patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke were recruited from 2 rehabilitation units. The subjects were divided randomly into experimental and control groups. The experimental group conducted task-oriented approach, involving 3 subparts of upper extremity activities, and the control group involved in the general upper extremity exercises. Functional movements of the upper extremities were assessed using clinical measures, including the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity Section, Box and Block Test, and Action Research Arm Test. The score of Fugl-Meyer Assessment showed greater increases in the experimental group than in the control group after training. The improvement in Box and Block Test between pre-test and post-test measurements was significantly greater after task-oriented arm training compared to general upper extremity exercises. Action Research Arm Test scores also improved after task-oriented arm training compared to exercises in the control group. The task-oriented arm training improves the gross and fine motor activities and encouraging the use of the paretic arm through activity dependent intervention expedites the recovery of functional activities in the upper extremities for chronic hemiparetic stroke.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-117
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a self-monitoring rehabilitation program based on the Bandura's self-efficacy theory on the activities of daily living (ADL), 6-minute walking distances, self-efficacy and quality of life (QoL) among stroke patients after three to six months. Methods: The participants consisted of 29 patients in the experiment group and 28 patients in the control group who admitted at rehabilitation specific hospital. Self-monitoring program developed by the researcher lasted twice a week for 8 weeks from August to September, 2013. Results: ANCOVA showed that all of dependent variables of this study, ADL and 6-minute walking distances as a physical function, self-efficacy and QoL for intervention group were higher than those for control group(p<.001). Conclusion: The self-monitoring rehabilitation program based on the self-efficacy theory was found to be effective in improving physical function, self-efficacy and QoL for early post-stroke patients. Early rehabilitation program for stroke patients was recommended to consider the self-monitoring of current physical and psychosocial status as a strategy of self-management.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.48-57
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• 1994

The specific power output and thermal effeciency of any two-stroke engine are dependent on its scavenging behavior. Among the many factors which influence on the scavenging process, the cylinder head shape is one of the important factor. Hence in this study three different type models of cylinder head shape which are the cylindrical, the spherical and the arbitrary shape are studied to show the effects of the turbulent scavenging process in the cylinder with one inlet port, two side ports and one exhaust port. A modified version of KIVA-II which strip out of or add planes of cells across the mesh above the piston for flow simulation of two-stroke engine is used. The $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulent model is used. The results show that the flow in a two-stroke engine cylinder of the spherical head shape among the three different type model is a desirable for efficient scavenging.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

Objective: Patients with stroke generally diminished ankle range of motion, which decreases balance and walking ability. This study aimed to determine the effect of ankle self-mobilization with movement (s-MWM) on ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, timed up and go test, and dynamic gait index in patients with chronic stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial design Methods: Twenty-four post-stroke patients participated in this study. The participants were randomized into the control (n = 12) and self-MWM groups (n = 12). Both groups attended standard rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes per session. In addition, self-MWM group was performed 3 times per week for 8 weeks. All participants have measured ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, timed up and go test, and dynamic gait index in before and after the intervention. Results: After 8 weeks of training, self-MWM group showed greater improvement in ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, timed up and go test, and dynamic gait index than in the control group (p<0.05). Further, self-MWM group had significantly improvement in all dependent variables compared to the pre-test (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our investigation demonstrates that self-MWM is beneficial for improving functional ability. Also, self-MWM was superior to control with respect to improving ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion, timed up and go test, and dynamic gait index.