• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제42권9호
• /
• pp.672-685
• /
• 2019

Currently, liver transplantation is the only available remedy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Conservation of transplanted liver graft is the most important issue as it directly related to patient survival. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death by inactivating cellular membrane-derived lipid aldehydes. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during living-donor liver transplantation is known to form reactive oxygen species. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether CBR1 transcription might be increased during liver I/R injury and whether such increase might protect liver against I/R injury. Our results revealed that transcription factor Nrf2 could induce CBR1 transcription in liver of mice during I/R. Pre-treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, increased CBR1 expression, decreased liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, and reduced I/R-related pathological changes. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery model of human normal liver cell line, it was found that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lowered in cells overexpressing CBR1. Conversely, CBR1 knockdown cells expressed elevated levels of oxidative stress proteins compared to the parental cell line. We also observed that Nrf2 and CBR1 were overexpressed during liver transplantation in clinical samples. These results suggest that CBR1 expression during liver I/R injury is regulated by transcription factor Nrf2. In addition, CBR1 can reduce free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. Taken together, CBR1 induction might be a therapeutic strategy for relieving liver I/R injury during liver transplantation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제9권10호
• /
• pp.75-101
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 노인용 기능성 게임 개발을 위해 중노년층 1030명을 대상으로 여가행동과 여가콘텐츠, 게임행동과 게임콘텐츠, 기능성게임 수용의지 파악을 위한 설문을 실시하고, 결과를 토대로 수요도 및 게임 요구사항을 분석한 것이다. 분석결과 노인은 건강과 휴식, 재미, 자기계발, 스트레스 해소를 위해 등산을 비롯한 정적여가활동 및 동적여가활동을 즐기고 있었는데, 궁극적으로 여가활동 중 게임활동 선호율은 낮으나, 기능성 게임을 통해 재미와 유익함을 얻을 수 있도록 건강게임이나 시뮬레이션 게임, 치료용 게임, 체험형 스포츠 게임 등 기능성 콘텐츠를 개발해 보급한다면 이용의지는 중년층에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 성별, 연령별, 학력수준별, 소득수준별, 가족규모별로 일부의 수요가 다르게 나타나므로, 노인집단의 인구학적 변인을 토대로 한 게임 콘텐츠 개발을 고려해야 한다. 즉, 기능성 게임개발에 주요 목표층을 구체화하는 작업이 요구되며, 다양한 실험과 효과성 검증을 통해 편리한 이용과 기능에 대한 신뢰, 그리고 심미적 만족감을 높일 수 있도록 수요자 중심 연구개발이 지속되어야 한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 2010

This study was to fabricate the porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles with anthocyanin (as a model antioxidant) for pulmonary drug delivery. The highly porous PLGA microparticles were prepared by the waterin-oil-in-water ($W_1/O/W_2$) multi-emulsion method, followed by the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate (AB) in $W_1$ phase to the base of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor at $50^{\circ}C$, making a porous structure in PLGA microparticles. Herein, hyaluronate (HA), a viscous polysaccharide, was incorporated in the porous microparticles for sustained anthocyanin release. In in vitro release studies, the anthocyanin release from the porous microparticles with HA continued up to 24 hours, while the porous microparticles without HA released 80 wt.% of encapsulated anthocyanin within 2 hours. In addition, these microparticle are expected to be effectively deposited at a lung epithelium due to its high porosity (low density) and avoid alveolar macrophage's uptake in the lung due to its large particle size. We believe that this system has a great pharmaceutical potential as a long acting antioxidant for relieving the oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.456-463
• /
• 2018

현대사회에서의 재난발생 증가 및 피해는 지역경제의 부정적 영향으로 나타난다. 특히 지역경제 침체는 지역주민들의 삶의 질을 악화시키고, 정신적 물질적 피해를 발생시킨다. 따라서 안정적이고 지속가능한 지역경제 발전을 위한 지역경제 회복력 강화가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 세월호 참사 이후 진도군의 지역경제의 회복력 지표를 산정하고, 재난발생 이후의 경제수준 추이를 시계열자료를 통해 분석하여 향후 경제회복력을 고려한 지역의 위기관리 복구 정책의 개선방안에 대해 제언하고자 한다. 연구결과 지역 경제를 대표하는 지방재정, 지방소득세는 지역경제 탄력성의 개선효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었으나 주민경제상태, 지역의 경기변동, 외부경제유인 요인과 관련한 지역경제 탄력성 개선은 보이지 않고 있었으며, 주민의 생활수준 및 심리적 스트레스가 매우 높아 위기 내성에 따른 장기적 문제가 발생할 우려를 보인다. 연구 결과에 따른 정책적 시사점은 침체된 이미지 극복을 위한 지역 자체적 자원 활용을 통한 지역경제 탄력성 개선, 지속가능한 장기적인 경제회복 정책을 구축, 지역주민의 재난영향에 따른 스트레스 해소를 위한 심리 치료와 관련한 정부 및 지자체의 지원이 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.390-400
• /
• 2021

Background: We recently showed that gintonin, an active ginseng ingredient, exhibits antibrain neurodegenerative disease effects including multiple target mechanisms such as antioxidative stress and antiinflammation via the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a spinal disease characterized by neurodegenerative changes in motor neurons with subsequent skeletal muscle paralysis and death. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS are still elusive, and therapeutic drugs have not yet been developed. We investigate the putative alleviating effects of gintonin in ALS. Methods: The G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse ALS model was used. Gintonin (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) administration started from week seven. We performed histological analyses, immunoblot assays, and behavioral tests. Results: Gintonin extended mouse survival and relieved motor dysfunctions. Histological analyses of spinal cords revealed that gintonin increased the survival of motor neurons, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, choline acetyltransferase, NeuN, and Nissl bodies compared with the vehicle control. Gintonin attenuated elevated spinal NAD(P) quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression and decreased oxidative stress-related ferritin, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1-immunoreactive microglia, S100β-immunoreactive astrocyte, and Olig2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes compared with the control vehicle. Interestingly, we found that the spinal LPA1 receptor level was decreased, whereas gintonin treatment restored decreased LPA1 receptor expression levels in the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse, thereby attenuating neurological symptoms and histological deficits. Conclusion: Gintonin-mediated symptomatic improvements of ALS might be associated with the attenuations of neuronal loss and oxidative stress via the spinal LPA1 receptor regulations. The present results suggest that the spinal LPA1 receptor is engaged in ALS, and gintonin may be useful for relieving ALS symptoms.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 2016

프로피오닌산혈증은 propionyl-CoA carboxylase(PCC)의 결핍으로 인한 드문 상염색체 열성 유전 대사 질환이다. 이는 분지 아미노산 대사 장애로 혈장과 소변에서 프로피오닌산과 다른 대사 산물들의 축적되게 된다. 감염, 질병 혹은 스트레스 등 이화작용을 유발하는 스트레스적인 상황은 빈번하게 응급 혹은 입원 치료가 필요하며 심각한 경우에는 환자가 혼수나 사망에 이를 수도 있다. 하지만 이런 잦은 입원과 응급실 방문은 환자와 가족들에게 일상생활을 힘들게 하는 등 많은 스트레스가 된다. 이에 저자들은 프로피오닌산혈증 환자에게 중심정맥관을 유치하고 가정 간호를 통해 계획적으로 예방적인 수액 치료를 유지하여 급성 대사 위기로 인한 잦은 입원을 예방하였고 환자와 가족들의 부담을 줄이는데 기여할 수 있었다. 또한 이 환자에게서 확인된 돌연변이가 이전에 보고된 바 없는 새로운 돌연변이로 확인되어 이를 같이 보고하는 바다.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2013

For the coating of diamond films on WC-Co tools, a buffer interlayer is needed because Co catalyzes diamond into graphite. W and Ti were chosen as candidate interlayer materials to prevent the diffusion of Co during diamond deposition. W or Ti interlayer of $1{\mu}m$ thickness was deposited on WC-Co substrate under Ar in a DC magnetron sputter. After seeding treatment of the interlayer-deposited specimens in an ultrasonic bath containing nanometer diamond powders, $2{\mu}m$ thick nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were deposited at $600^{\circ}C$ over the metal layers in a 2.45 GHz microwave plasma CVD system. The cross-sectional morphology of films was observed by FESEM. X-ray diffraction and visual Raman spectroscopy were used to confirm the NCD crystal structure. Micro hardness was measured by nano-indenter. The coefficient of friction (COF) was measured by tribology test using ball on disk method. After tribology test, wear tracks were examined by optical microscope and alpha step profiler. Rockwell C indentation test was performed to characterize the adhesion between films and substrate. Ti and W were found good interlayer materials to act as Co diffusion barriers and diamond nucleation layers. The COFs on NCD films with W or Ti interlayer were measured as less than 0.1 whereas that on bare WC-Co was 0.6~1.0. However, W interlayer exhibited better results than Ti in terms of the adhesion to WC-Co substrate and to NCD film. This result is believed to be due to smaller difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the related films in the case of W interlayer than Ti one. By varying the thickness of W interlayer as 1, 2, and $4{\mu}m$ with a fixed $2{\mu}m$ thick NCD film, no difference in COF and wear behavior but a significant change in adhesion was observed. It was shown that the thicker the interlayer, the stronger the adhesion. It is suggested that thicker W interlayer is more effective in relieving the residual stress of NCD film during cooling after deposition and results in stronger adhesion.