• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2008

압축플랜지의 설계는 단순히 종방향 보강재와 횡방향 보강재로 둘러싸인 서브패널(sub-panel)의 극한거동에 대해 적절한 안전율을 도입하여 이루어져 왔다. 그러나, 종방향 보강재의 수와 강성, 횡방향 보강재의 간격, 초기 변형량과 잔류응력의 분포 등 제 영향을 고려해서 압축플랜지 전체의 극한강도를 결정하는 것이 합리적이다. 본 연구에서는 Folded Plate 이론에 근거하여 압축플랜지에 대해 기하강성의 영향, 재료적 비선형성을 고려한 해석 프로그램을 개발하고 이를 바탕으로 국내에서 실제 시공된 강박스거더교의 압축플랜지에 적용하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2024

This study presents an energy analysis for large-strain cavity expansion problem based on the general strength criterion and energy theory. This study focuses on the energy dissipation problem during the cavity expansion process, dividing the soil mass around the cavity into an elastic region and a plastic region. Assuming compliance with the small deformation theory in the elastic region and the large deformation theory in the plastic region, combined with the general strength criterion of soil mass and energy theory, the energy dissipation solution for cavity expansion problem is derived. Firstly, from an energy perspective, the process of cavity expansion in soil mass is described as an energy conversion process. The energy dissipation mechanism is introduced into the traditional analysis of cavity expansion, and a general analytical solution for cavity expansion related to energy is derived. Subsequently, based on this general analytical solution of cavity expansion, the influence of different strength criterion, large-strain, expansion radius, cavity shape and characteristics of soil mass on the stress distribution, displacement field and energy evolution around the cavity is studied. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of theoretical solution is verified by comparing the results of typical pressure-expansion curves with existing literature algorithms. The results indicate that different strength criterion have a relatively small impact on the displacement and strain field around the cavity, but a significant impact on the stress distribution and energy evolution around the cavity.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1995

철근과 콘크리트의 부착성능에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 평가하기 위하여 부착실험을 수행하였다. 주요변수로는 콘크리트의 압축강도($f_c$'=340, 460, 650, $904kg/cm^2$), 콘크리트의 피복두께(25, 38, 51, 105, 110mm), 철근의 직경(D13, D22)으로 하였으며 구속철근의 효과와 철근간격은 고려하지 않았다. 철근이 일축인장력을 받을 때 철근의 전 부착길이에 걸쳐 응력이 일정하다는 가정하에 32개의 실험체를 제작, 실험하였다. 각 실험체별로 파괴모드를 고찰하였고, 부착응력.변위관계를 통하여 변수의 영향을 평가하였으며, 실험결과에 다른 최대부착응력을 ACI 규준의 상한선($700kg/cm^2$)을 초과하여도 부착응력 및 최대 부착응력이 증가하는 것으로 나타나 콘크리트 압축강도 상한선을 초과하는 경우 정착길이 산정시 압축강도 증가에 따른 영향을 고려하여야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.1138-1147
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• 2018

Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) is an important failure mechanism for Zircaloy tubes in the demanding environment of nuclear reactors. The threshold stress intensity factor, $K_{IH}$, and critical hydride length, $l_C$, are important parameters to evaluate DHC. Theoretical models of them are developed for Zircaloy tubes undergoing non-homogenous temperature loading, with new stress distributions ahead of the crack tip and thermal stresses involved. A new stress distribution in the plastic zone ahead of the crack tip is proposed according to the fracture mechanics theory of second-order estimate of plastic zone size. The developed models with fewer fitting parameters are validated with the experimental results for $K_{IH}$ and $l_C$. The research results for radial cracking cases indicate that a better agreement for $K_{IH}$ can be achieved; the negative axial thermal stresses can lessen $K_{IH}$ and enlarge the critical hydride length, so its effect should be considered in the safety evaluation and constraint design for fuel rods; the critical hydride length $l_C$ changes slightly in a certain range of stress intensity factors, which interprets the phenomenon that the DHC velocity varies slowly in the steady crack growth stage. Besides, the sensitivity analysis of model parameters demonstrates that an increase in yield strength of zircaloy will result in a decrease in the critical hydride length $l_C$, and $K_{IH}$ will firstly decrease and then have a trend to increase with the yield strength of Zircaloy; higher fracture strength of hydrided zircaloy will lead to very high values of threshold stress intensity factor and critical hydride length at higher temperatures, which might be the main mechanism of crack arrest for some Zircaloy materials.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.523-528
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• 2008

An open frame structure is fastened by bolt joints for strength and shock attenuation. Therefore the full finite element model of an open frame structure should be properly modeled including bolt joints for strength analysis of the frames and joint assemblies which are operated under multi-loading conditions such as driving, drop, inertia and torsional loads. Then the joints and frames must satisfy the specified allowable strength constraints. Because the full finite element model has a large number of elements to perform strength analysis, a detailed fine bolt analysis seems to be very expensive. Therefore bolts of the full finite element model are approximately modeled by constraints equations to constrain degree of freedoms between adjacent nodes. However, the constraints equation method can exaggerate stress results at the constrained nodes. Thus a detailed bolt analysis and a theoretical/experiential formula of bolts for a worst bolt joint are performed using reaction force applied both bolt and bolt joint. Finally, the results from the two methods are compared and discussed to verify the safety of the open frame structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2024

Liquefaction phenomenon refers to a phenomenon in which excess pore water pressure occurs when a dynamic load such as an earthquake is rapidly applied to a loose sandy soil ground where the ground is saturated, and the ground loses effective stress and becomes liquid. The laboratory repetition test for liquefaction evaluation can be performed through a repeated triaxial compression test and a repeated shear test. In this regard, this study attempted to evaluate the effects of the relative density of sand on the liquefaction resistance strength according to particle size distribution using repeated triaxial compression tests, and additional experimental verification using numerical analysis was conducted to overcome the limitations of experimental equipment. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the liquefaction resistance strength increased as the relative density increased regardless of the classification of soil, and the liquefaction resistance strength of the SP sample close to SW was quite high. As a result of numerical analysis, it was confirmed that the liquefaction resistance strength increased as the confining pressure increased under the same relative density, and the liquefaction resistance strength did not decrease below a certain limit even though the confining pressure was significantly reduced at a relatively low relative density. This is judged to be due to a change in confining pressure according to the depth of the ground. As a result of analyzing the liquefaction resistance strength according to the frequency range, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference from the laboratory experiment results in the basic range of 0.1 to 1.0 Hz.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 굴패각 혼합토의 전단강도 특성을 파악하고자 해성토에 굴패각 혼합율 0%, 25% 그리고 50%로 달리 한 후 $K_o$ 비배수 삼축압축 실험을 실시하였다. 또한 각 혼합비에 따라 유효 연직압을 200kPa, 300kPa 그리고 400kPa로 적용하였고, 유효 연직압 300kPa에 대해서 전단속도를 세가지로 달리하여 그에 따른 혼합토의 전단강도 특성을 알아보았다. 일련의 실험결과로부터 굴패각 혼합비가 증가할수록 굴패각 입자의 파쇄로 인해 전단강도가 증가함을 볼 수 있었으며, 전단속도는 굴패각 혼합토의 전단강도에 큰 영향을 미치지 못함을 확인하였다. 굴패각 혼합토의 실내실험과 Mayne, Bishop의 경험식을 토대로 비교 분석한 결과 비배수 전단강도는 실험값과 비슷한 경향을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 간극수압계수 예측은 혼합비 0%에서 경험식이 실험값과 보다 과대 평가를 보이고 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 일반 버팀보 공법을 개선한 조립식 버팀보 공법을 적용할 때 구조안정성에 대하여 검토하였다. 굴착단계별 가상의 최대 발생 토압력에 대해 좌굴되지 않도록 충분한 강성을 가지는에 대한 안정성검토를 실시하였다. 고강도 조립식 버팀보 공법은 상부플랜지에 일정한 간격으로 볼트 구멍이 천공되어 있는 공법이다. 구조물의 좌굴해석 결과 안전율은 약 5%정도 증가하였고, 발생응력이 허용응력보다 낮기 때문에 버팀보의 구조 안정성은 확보된 것으로 판단된다. 특히 고강도 버팀보 공법을 적용 시 축방향 압축응력은 약 16% 증가한다. 고강도 버팀보 공법은 공사기간을 단축할 수 있으며 추가 부재를 구매할 필요가 없어 경제적이다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Purpose: Physical and chemical properties of gold is most suitable to be restored of teeth to its original state. Recently zirconia was used instead of gold because of esthetical and intimacy of human body. Because of high strength and high abrasion resistance of zirconia, all zirconia artificial tooth lead to wear the original tooth of opposite site. To preserve this original tooth, zirconia artificial tooth covered with dental ceramic glass was used. When joining the zirconia core and dental ceramic glass, difference of their thermal expansion coefficient and wetting ability is generated the residual stress at interface lead to crack. In order to solve this problem, intermediate layer what is called zir-liner was imported to decrease the residual stress and increase the bonding strength. Methods: In this study, to identify the optimum conditions for manufacturing process, various methods to rough the surface of zirconia core were adopted, and vary the thickness of interlayer, and analyzed bond strength. Results: Bond strength of sanding specimens group showed higher than that of non-sanding specimens group, and once applied intermediate layer with sanding specimens showed highest bond strength with 28 MPa. SEM photomicrographs of zirconia cores fired at $1500^{\circ}C$ showed parallel straight lines in sanding and pockmarked surface in blasting surfaces as abrasion traces. Observation of the destruction section after shear test by SEM were carried out. Liner applied non-sanding group and non-liner applied sanding group all showed interfacial crack. Sandblasting group with non-liner showed remained dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. Sandblasting group with once applied liner showed partially remained liner and dental ceramic glass on the surface of zirconia. XRD analysis revealed that sandblasting group showed higher monoclinic peaks than other specimens group and this result was due to the high collision energy for stress induced phase transformation. Conclusions: A study on the improvement of bonding strength between zirconia and dental ceramic glass steadily carried out for the future to practical use.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1227-1250
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• 2016

Most of the research work has been conducted on K-joints under static loading. Very limited information is available in consideration of fatigue strength of K-joints with concrete-filled chord. This paper aims to describe experimental and numerical investigations on stress concentration factors (SCFs) of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints under balanced axial loading. Experiment was conducted to study the hot spot stress distribution along the intersection of chord and braces in the two specimens with compacting concrete filled in the chord. The test results of stress distribution curves of two specimens were reported. SCFs of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints were lower than those of corresponding hollow circular chord and square brace K-joints. The corresponding finite element analysis was also conducted to simulate stress distribution along the brace and chord intersection region of joints. It was achieved that experimental and finite element analysis results had good agreement. Therefore, an extensive parametric study was carried out by using the calibrated finite element model to evaluate the effects of main geometric parameters and concrete strength on the behavior of concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints under balanced axial loading. The SCFs at the hot spot locations obtained from ABAQUS were compared with those calculated by using design formula given in the CIDECT for hollow SHS-SHS K-joints. CIDECT Design Guide was generally quite conservative for predicting SCFs of braces and was dangerous for predicting SCFs of chord in concrete-filled circular chord and square braces K-joints. Finally SCF formulae were proposed for circular chord and square braces K-joints with concrete-filled in the chord under balanced axial loading. It is shown that the SCFs calculated from the proposed design equation are generally in agreement with the values derived from finite element analysis, which were proved to be reliable and accurate.