• Composites Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

본 연구는 무릎 인공관절의 이식 조직으로서 사용되는 이식 부품을 분석한다. 저탄성 티타늄 합금은 응력 차폐 현상을 해소하기 위해 적용되어진다. 이식 부품들의 응력 분포를 연구하기 위하여 시뮬레이션 해석이 수행되어진다. 저탄성 티타늄 합금의 탄성계수에 따른 등가응력 분포를 통하여 골격과의 상관 관계가 도출되고 연구된다. 이식 부품의 응력은 탄성계수가 감소함에 따라 처음에는 감소하다가 약 46 GPa 부근에서 가장 크게 감소하고 다시 증가한다. 이식 부품에 걸리는 응력의 감소는 골격에 더 큰 응력이 가해지게 되므로 응력차폐현상으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구 결과는 무릎 인공관절의 이식 부품과 같은 복합 재료의 안전한 설계를 개발하는데 필요한 자료로 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.570-577
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• 1994

The loss of water in the carbon steel balls and water region of the end shield for CANDU 6 reactor could lead to significant temperature gradient through the end shield structure which amy result in the excessive deformation. With an assumed end shield drained scenario, the heat deposition rates were calculated through the end shield associated with the central fuel channel during full power operation as an initial step to thermal stress analysis. The drained case was compared with that of water present normal case in therms of heat deposition rater and the total heating throughout the end shield regions. The compared results show that the heat deposition and the total heating remain almost the same between the two cases. It was found that the change of volume integrated flux in the end shield regions due to the loss of water contribute a negligible effect on the heat deposition in this region.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2020

In this paper, due to the need for cutting cement-soil group pile composite foundation under the 7-story masonry structure of Zhenghe District and the shield tunnel of Zhengzhou Metro Line 5, a field test was conducted to directly cut cement-soil single pile composite foundation with diameter Ф=500 mm. Research results showed that the load transfer mechanism of composite foundation was not changed before and after shield tunnel cut the pile, and pile body and the soil between piles was still responsible for overburden load. The construction disturbance of shield cutting pile is a complicated mechanical process. The load carried by the original pile body was affected by the disturbance effect of pile cutting construction. Also, the fraction of the load carried by the original pile body was transferred to the soil between the piles and therefore, the bearing capacity of composite foundation was not decreased. Only the fractions of the load carried by pile and the soil between piles were distributed. On-site monitoring results showed that the settlement of pressure-bearing plates produced during shield cutting stage accounted for about 7% of total settlement. After the completion of pile cutting, the settlements of bearing plates generated by shield machine during residual pile composite foundation stage and shield machine tail were far away from residual pile composite foundation stage which accounted for about 15% and 74% of total settlement, respectively. In order to reduce the impact of shield cutting pile construction on the settlement of upper composite foundation, it was recommended to take measures such as optimization of shield construction parameters, radial grouting reinforcement and "clay shock" grouting within the disturbance range of shield cutting pile construction. Before pile cutting, the pile-soil stress ratio n of composite foundation was 2.437. After the shield cut pile is completed, the soil around the lining structure is gradually consolidated and reshaped, and residual pile composite foundation reaches a new state of force balance. This was because the condensation of grouting layer could increase the resistance of remaining pile end and friction resistance of the side of the pile.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1686-1704
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• 2021

This study addresses the numerical simulation of the shield building of an AP1000 nuclear power plant (NPP) subjected to a large commercial aircraft impact. First, a simplified finite element model (F.E. model) of the large commercial Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft is established. The F.E. model of the AP1000 shield building is constructed, which is a reasonably simplified reinforced concrete structure. The effectiveness of both F.E. models is verified by the classical Riera method and the impact test of a 1/7.5 scaled GE-J79 engine model. Then, based on the verified F.E. models, the entire impact process of the aircraft on the shield building is simulated by the missile-target interaction method (coupled method) and by the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, which is at different initial impact velocities and impact heights. Finally, the laws and characteristics of the aircraft impact force, residual velocity, kinetic energy, concrete damage, axial reinforcement stress, and perforated size are analyzed in detail. The results show that all of them increase with the addition to the initial impact velocity. The first four are not very sensitive to the impact height. The engine impact mainly contributes to the peak impact force, and the peak impact force is six times higher than that in the first stage. With increasing initial impact velocity, the maximum aircraft impact force rises linearly. The range of the tension and pressure of the reinforcement axial stress changes with the impact height. The perforated size increases with increasing impact height. The radial perforation area is almost insensitive to the initial impact velocity and impact height. The research of this study can provide help for engineers in designing AP1000 shield buildings.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.365-370
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• 2005

Infrared (lR) detectors are widely used for such applications as thermoelstic stress analysis, medical diagnostics and temperature measurement. Infrared detectors commonly need to be refrigerated below 80 K, and thus a cooling system should be equipped together with the detector system. The cooling load, which should be removed by the cooling system to maintain the nominal operating temperature of the detector, critically depends on the insulation efficiency of the cryochamber housing the detector. Cryochamber considers the conduction heat transfer through a cold finger, the gases conduction and radiation heat transfer. The thermal loads of an infrared detector Cryochamber with radiation shield are investigated experimentally in present study. Since the effect of radiation heat transfer on thermal loads is significant, radiation shields is installed in the cold finger part to protect heat input through radiation. It is found that the thermal load can be substantially reduced by increasing the number of radiation shield.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2014

다양한 종류와 크기의 하중이 터널에 재하되는데, 본 연구에서는 쉴드 터널 내부에 작용하는 열차 진동하중이 연약 사질지반에 미치는 영향을 3차원 수치모델에 의하여 수치해석적으로 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 사인함수와 열차제원을 이용하여 열차진동의 형상과 주파수를 산정하고 속도충격률 및 노반압력을 계산하여 열차진동하중을 획득하였다. 계산된 열차진동하중을 3차원 유한차분해석망에 재하하여 Finn model을 이용한 유효응력해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 시간에 따른 과잉간극수압이력을 산정하였고 과잉간극수압비를 이용하여 액상화 가능성을 판정하였다. 그 결과 열차진동하중에 의하여 과잉간극수압이 발생함을 확인하였으나, 발생 정도는 미미함을 확인하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of an environmental intervention on sleep, reported emotions and job satisfaction of rotating shift nurses in intensive care unit. Methods: The study was a non-equivalent design with a comparison group. The participants in the study were 34 shift workers randomly assigned to one of two groups. The intervention for one group was the use of an eye shield for two weeks with the other group not receiving the treatment. Data on quality of sleep, stress, depression and job satisfaction were collected from both groups at the beginning and the end of the two week period. See note at bottom page. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA using the SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Quality of sleep and job satisfaction were more positively reported along with reports of less depression and stress by those nurses receiving the eyeshild intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest that the eyeshield intervention may be an effective intervention.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2022

철도는 정시성과 수송능력을 갖춘 여객 및 물류 운송 수단으로서 널리 사용되고 있다. 근래의 급격한 건설기술의 발전으로 철도는 대륙과 대륙, 대륙과 섬을 잇는 다양한 해저철도의 건설이 계획되고 있으며 국내에는 보령 해저터널(2021), 가덕 해저터널(2010) 등 유사 설계 및 시공 경험이 축적되고 있다. 그러나 최근 국내외적으로 다양한 규모의 지진이 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 지진위험에 대한 인식이 증대되고 있으며, 국내 지진의 발생빈도 또한 증가하고 있다. 해저터널에 대한 지진의 영향은 매우 복잡하나 주로 지반조건, 지진하중 등에 의하여 큰 차이를 보일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 외부수압이 작용하는 가상의 해저철도 쉴드터널에 대하여 지반구성과 지진파 의한 영향을 파악하기 위하여 토사, 암반, 복합지반 및 파쇄대로 구성된 4 가지 지반조건을 반영한 3차원 수치해석 모델을 구축하였다. 각 해석 모델에 대하여 장주기, 단주기, 그리고 장단주기 특성을 모두 가지는 인공지진파를 각각 적용하여 유한차분해석법에 의한 동적해석을 수행하여 변위 및 터널 부재력 응답을 검토하였다. 그 결과 터널 변위는 토사지반에서 터널 진행방향에 연직방향 지진하중이 작용 시 장주기파의 영향이 우세하고 암반지반에서는 단주기파의 영향이 우세한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 국부적 취약구간인 파쇄대에서는 인공지진파의 영향이 우세하였다. 터널 세그먼트의 부재력 검토 결과 지반 및 세그먼트의 구속효과로 인하여 지진하중이 변위보다 부재력에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2020

In the current work, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses have been conducted to investigate the behaviour of pre-existing single piles in response to adjacent tunnelling by considering the tunnel face pressures and the relative locations of the pile tips with respect to the tunnel. Via numerical modelling, the effect of the face pressures on the pile behaviour has been analysed. In addition, the analyses have concentrated on the ground settlements, the pile head settlements and the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. The settlements of the pile directly above the tunnel crown (with a vertical distance between the pile tip and the tunnel crown of 0.25D, where D is the tunnel diameter) with a face pressure of 50% of the in situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline decreased by approximately 38% compared to the corresponding pile settlements with the minimum face pressure, namely, 25% of the in situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline. Furthermore, the smaller the face pressure is, the larger the tunnelling-induced ground movements, the axial pile forces and the interface shear stresses. The ground settlements and the pile settlements were heavily affected by the face pressures and the positions of the pile tip with respect to the tunnel. When the piles were inside the tunnel influence zone, tensile forces were induced on piles, while compressive pile forces were expected to develop for piles that are outside the influence zone and on the boundary. In addition, the computed results have been compared with relevant previous studies that were reported in the literature. The behaviour of the piles that is triggered by adjacent tunnelling has been extensively examined and analysed by considering the several key features in substantial detail.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2021

도로와 철도터널에서는 비상시 대피를 위한 시설이 필수적이며, 제연 및 화재 진압을 위한 설비와 승객의 피난 통로가 그것이다. 장대 병설터널에서는 횡갱을 배치하여 화재 발생 반대편 터널로 대피하도록 계획된다. 병설 쉴드터널에서는 횡갱의 시공을 위해 기 시공된 본선터널의 영구 구조물인 세그먼트 라이닝을 철거하여 원지반을 노출하여야 한다. 현대의 대부분의 쉴드TBM이 막장을 격벽으로 차단한 폐쇄형 쉴드TBM임을 감안할 때, 원지반이 노출되는 횡갱의 시공은 쉴드터널의 시공단계에서 위험도가 높은 과정 중 하나이다. 특히, 지하수위 아래의 토사 쉴드터널의 횡갱 시공에서는 세그먼트 철거 및 굴착 중 토사지반의 안정성 확보를 위한 차수 및 굴착공법에 대한 면밀한 검토가 요구된다. 본 사례 연구에서는 토사지반에서 대구경 강관추진을 활용한 횡갱 굴착 공법의 시공 중 유의사항을 소개하고 시공 후 계측결과를 분석하였다. 본 사례 연구에서 소개되는 횡갱 굴착공법은 그라우팅으로 보강된 토사지반에 대구경 강관 추진 후 내부 굴착하는 공법으로써, 두 가지 메커니즘에 의해 토사지반에서 굴착 중 막장의 안정성을 확보한다. 첫 번째는 대구경 강관을 추진하여 막장 전방 토사지반의 전주면을 강관에 의해 선 지보 한다. 두 번째는 대구경 강관 추진으로 내부로 압입된 토사의 Plugging 효과에 의해 막장 전면의 지지효과를 얻을 수 있다. 추진력에 의한 강관의 변형 및 강관의 관통 완료 후 응력발생 계측결과로부터 대구경 강관 추진에 의한 횡갱 굴착공법이 토사지반에서 충분한 시공성과 안정성을 확보함을 확인하였다. 본 사례 연구의 토사 쉴드터널의 횡갱 시공공법은 유사한 현장조건에서 널리 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.