• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1988

SCK종양세포에 온열처리와 여러가지 sulihydryl-reacting agents을 처리하여 stress protein의 합성을 유도하고, 그 양상을 검토해 봄으로서 stress proteins의 합성유도와 denatured protein의 생성과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 세포에 cycloximid와 더불어 Zn또는 ME를 처리한 경우에는 stress protein의 합성이 일어나지 않았으나,온열처리 또는 IAA를 처리한 경우에는 stress protein의 합성이 유도되었다. 이 결과로 미루어 볼 때,stress protein의 유도 경로에는 두 가지가 있어서 새로운 단백질의 합성이 필요한 경로와 새로운 단백질의 합성과는 무관한 경로가 있는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 결국, 본 실험에서 사용한 stress들이 기존의 mature protein을 denature시키거나 (온열처리 또는 IAA),새로 합성된 immature protein을 denatur시키는 것,(Zn 또는 ME)으로 알려져 있으므로,stress에 의한 abnormal protein의 출현이 stress proteins의 합성을 유도하는 tigger의 구실을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 이 밖에 여러 가지 stress가 동시에 작용할 경우, 세포는 보다 강한 stress에 대해서 stress protein을 합성하여 대치하게 되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.108-119
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• 1985

Stress protein (SP) 遺傳子發現의 調節機構를 밝히기 위한 한가지 방편으로 환경의 stress와 pH가 SP의 合成誘導에 어떤 作用을 하는지를 SDS-PAGE를 이용해서 分析하였다. 蛋白質合成의 전반적 양상은 MEF와 SCK 세포에서 달랐으나 SP의 양상은 동일하였다. 그중에서 $SP_70$의 誘導와 感衰의 kinetics는 특히 흥미로웠다. $SP_70$의 kinetics는 酸性 pH와 正常 pH에서 類似하였으나 最大量의 SP 合成에 필요한 溫度와 그 處理時間은 pH에 의해 달리 나타나서, 酸性 pH 에서는 자은 溫度와 짧은 處理時間에서 나타나고 더욱 오래 지속되는 경향을 보였다. SP의 合成誘導와 SP mRNA의 축적은 actinomycin D에 의해 阻止되는 사실로 미루어 SP의 合成이 誘導되기 위해서는 새로운 mRNA의 合成이 필요함을 알수 있었고, cycloheximide 처리의 결과는 SP의 合成誘導에 앞서서 어떤 特異한 蛋白質의 合成은 일어나지는 않음을 알수 있었다. 이상과 같은 몇가지 實驗結果는 MEF와 SCK 세포에서 SP의 合成誘導는 일차적으로 轉寫水潗에서 調節되며, $SP_70$의 合成은 自動調節됨과 아울러 SP의 水潗은 세포늬 stress 상태와 相關關係가 있는 것으로 推論할수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.705-716
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• 2018

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a critical organelle for protein synthesis, folding and modification, and lipid synthesis and calcium storage. Dysregulation of ER functions leads to the accumulation of misfolded- or unfolded-protein in the ER lumen, and this triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which restores ER homeostasis. The UPR is characterized by three distinct downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival or apoptosis depending on the stressor, the intensity and duration of ER stress, and the cell type. Mammalian cells express the UPR transducers IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, which control transcriptional and translational responses to ER stress. Direct links between ER stress and immune responses are also evident, but the mechanisms by which UPR signaling cascades are coordinated with immunity remain unclear. This review discusses recent investigations of the roles of ER stress in immune responses that lead to differentiation, maturation, and cytokine expression in immune cells. Further understanding of how ER stress contributes to the pathogenesis of immune disorders will facilitate the development of novel therapies that target UPR pathways.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2012

2-deoxy-D-glucose(2DG)-caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibits protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues. However, the accurate regulatory mechanisms, which determine the inflammatory response of chondrocytes to ER stress via protein tyrosine phosphorylation, have not been systematically evaluated. Thus, in this study, we examined whether protein phosphorylation at tyrosine residues can modulate the expression and glycosylation of COX-2, which is reduced by 2DG-induced ER stress. We observed that protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitors, sodium orthovanadate (SOV), and phenylarsine oxide (PAO) significantly decreased expression of ER stress inducible proteins, glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), and CCAAT/ enhancer-binding-protein- related gene (GADD153), which was induced by 2DG. In addition, we demonstrated that SOV and PAO noticeably restored the expression and glycosylation of COX-2 after treatment with 2DG. These results suggest that protein phosphorylation of tyrosine residues plays an important role in the regulation of expression and glycosylation during 2DG-induced ER stress in rabbit articular chondrocytes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2010

Modification of proteins by the reversible covalent addition of the small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) protein has important consequences affecting target protein stability, sub-cellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. SUMOylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions, which resembles the process of ubiquitination. In this study, we characterized the SUMOylation system from an important crop plant, rice, and show that it responds to cold, salt and ABA stress conditions on a protein level via the accumulation of SUMOylated proteins. We also characterized the transcriptional regulation of individual SUMOylation cascade components during stress and development. During stress conditions, majority of the SUMO cascade components are transcriptionally down regulated. SUMO conjugate proteins and SUMO cascade component transcripts accumulated differentially in various tissues during plant development with highest levels in reproductive tissues. Taken together, these data suggest a role for SUMOylation in rice development and stress responses.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1997

Thin study measured dietary intakes in late pregnancy and psychological stress during the period of gestation and examined the roles of diet and psychological stress in pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. Study subjects were 98 pregnant women who delivered infants at 2 general hospitals in Taejon city. Mean weight gain during pregnancy was 14.6$\pm$4.89Kg. Mean infant birth weight was 3.39$\pm$0.62kg in males and 3.28$\pm$0.43Kg in females. Mean energy and protein intake levels were adequate, but mean iron and calcium intakes were only 61.2$\pm$14.9% and 79.1$\pm$18.2$\%$ of RDA, respectively. Fat intake which constitutes 22.0$\pm$4.3$\%$ of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 22.0$\pm$4.3$\%$ of total energy intake, and animal protein intake which constitutes 53.7$\%$ of total protein intake were moderately high. Though mean energy, fat, animal protein, and meat protein intakes in the low psychological stress group were higher than those in the middle or high stress group, psychological stress did not significantly affect pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight. High intakes of nutrients except for dairy protein, iron, and niacin were associated with higher pregnancy weight gain and high intakes of protein and meat protein were associated with higher infant birth weight. It is concluded that dietary intakes during pregnancy has effects on pregnancy weight gain and infant birth weight, and psychological stress has no direct effect on them.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine the effects of protein sources on the curation of gastric ulceration, protein metabolism, and nitrogen balance in rats with gastric ulcer induce by restraint and water immersion stress. After the rats were fed 10% casein diet for 3 weeks, four groups of the rats were forced in 5$\times$5$\times$15cm plexiglass cage. The restraint and water immersion stress was carried at 20$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ for 8-hour. The other one group(control group) was not exposed to stress. After stress 4 kinds of different diets containing 20% protein were given for 5 days. The protein sources were casein, whey protein, soy protein, gluten. The control group was fed to 10% casein diet. The results were as follows ; the weights of rats were not different among the diet groups During the experiment period follows ; the weights of rats were not different among the diet groups during the experiment period (for 5 days). The ulcer index of rats fed 10% gluten and soy protein diet was significantly higher than those of casein and whey protein diet groups(p<0.05). The level of serum albumin was not significantly different among diet groups. But hematocrit and the level of $\alpha$-amino-N, BU and UUN of plant protein diet groups were higher than animal diet groups, the urinary hydroxyproline of soy protein group was the highest and the whey protein was the lowest. The digestibility and BV of nitrogen of gluten diet group were significantly higher than those of casein and whey protein diet groups(p<0.05). The animal proteins had more curative effects of ulcer than plant animals. The results of this study provide useful information concerning diet therapy for the patients with gastrointestinal diseases and the field of enteral diet materials.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk protein and blood amino acid profile in dairy cows. Methods: Twelve dairy cows with the similar parity, days in milk and milk yield were randomly divided into two groups with six cows raised in summer and others in autumn, respectively. Constant managerial conditions and diets were maintained during the experiment. Measurements and samples for heat stress and no heat stress were obtained according to the physical alterations of the temperature-humidity index. Results: Results showed that heat stress significantly reduced the milk protein content (p<0.05). Heat stress tended to decrease milk yield (p = 0.09). Furthermore, heat stress decreased dry matter intake, the concentration of blood glucose and insulin, and glutathione peroxidase activity, while increased levels of non-esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Additionally, the concentrations of blood Thr involved in immune response were increased under heat stress (p<0.05). The concentration of blood Ala, Glu, Asp, and Gly, associated with gluconeogenesis, were also increased under heat stress (p<0.05). However, the concentration of blood Lys that promotes milk protein synthesis was decreased under heat stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that more amino acids were required for maintenance but not for milk protein synthesis under heat stress, and the decreased availability of amino acids for milk protein synthesis may be attributed to competition of immune response and gluconeogenesis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2002

To determine the anti-stress effect of KCG(加味天麻鉤藤飮) extract on sprague-dawley rats. we conducted a research about the change of weight, activity, reactivity, c-fos protein, cytotoxicity against PC12 cell line and heal shock protein. 1) KCG extract siginificantly inhibited the decrease of body weight induced by stress, compared with the control group. 2) KCG extract had no siginificant effect in the activity and reactivity of rats between the control and the experimental groups. 3) KCG extract siginificantly restrained c-fos protein manifestation, compared with the control group. 4) KCG extract siginificantly restrained heat shock protein, compared with the control group. These results suggested that KCG might be usefully anti-stress effect.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 1998

Amino acid analogs, like other inducers of stress response, induce the synthesis of stress proteins in mammalian cells. In this study, Drosophila Kc cells, in which translation is tightly controlled during stress response, was treated with proline analogs, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AzC) and 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (dh-P). Kc cells exposed to AzC or dh-P induced the synthesis of several proteins which had the same molecular weights as known heat shock proteins. However, in Kc cells, normal protein synthesis still continued in the presence of amino acids analogs unlike in heat-shocked cells. For the induction of stress response, the incorporation of dh-P into the protein was not essential, but the incorporation of AzC was. The stress protein synthesis was regulated mainly at the transcriptional level by AzC, whereas it was regulated by dh-P at the transcription level and possibly posttranscription level. During recovery, the stress protein synthesis stopped sooner in analog-treated cells than in heat-shocked cells even though the accumulated amount of Hsp70 was much less in proline analogstreated cells. It could be concluded that the proline analogs, AzC and dh-P, induced stress response through a different mechanism from heat shock.