• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2011

This is the third of several companion papers dealing with the derivation of material constants for ductile failure criteria under hydrostatic stress. It was observed that the ultimate engineering stresses and elongations at fracture from tensile tests for round specimens with various notch radii tended to increase and decrease, respectively, because of the stress triaxiality. The engineering stress curves from tests are compared with numerical simulation results, and it is proved that the curves from the two approaches very closely coincide. Failure strains are obtained from the equivalent plastic strain histories from numerical simulations at the time when the experimental engineering stress drops suddenly. After introducing the new concept of average stress triaxiality and accumulated average strain energy, the material constants of the Johnson-Cook failure criterion for critical energies of 100%, 50%, and 15% are presented. The experimental results obtained for EH-36 steel were in relatively good agreement with the 100% critical energy, whereas the literature states that aluminum fits with a 15% critical energy. Therefore, it is expected that a unified failure criterion for critical energy, which is available for most kinds of ductile materials, can be provided according to the used materials.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.142-152
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• 2004

서로 다른 두 종류의 폴리스타일렌(PS)을 injection 기계를 이용하여 인장 시편을 만들고, 온도와 인장 속도에 따른 crazing 거동 특성을 연구하기 위하여 다양한 시험을 하였다. 기계적물성은 craze 형성뿐만 아니라 다양한 시험 변수에 의해 영향을 받으며, brittle-ductile transition 이하의 온도에서의 인장 응력 및 최대 신율은 분자량, 인장 속도의 증가 및 온도의 감소에 따라 증가하며 craze의 수와 평균 길이 또한 증가한다. Crazing 응력도 동일한 형태로 증가함을 보여준다. 그러나, 이러한 특성은 인장 강도에 미치는 영향과 비교했을 때 보다 의존도는 상대적으로 낮다. Craze 형성과 성장에 필요한 시간으로 설명할 수 있는 crazing 응력과 인장 응력간의 차이는 분자량, 인장 속도에 따라 비례적으로 그리고, 온도가 감소함에 따라 증가함을 보여 준다. Crazing 은 ${\beta}$-relaxation 온도 근처에서 활성화된다. 이 온도에서는 crazing 응력이 급격하게 감소함을 나타낸다. 인장 평가시 craze 밀도가 적용된 응력에 따라 기하 급수적으로 증가되는데, 개시 단계에서는 craze는 서서히 형성되며, 일단 일정한 수만큼의 craze가 형성이 되면 craze 밀도가 급속도로 증가했다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 사질토지반의 거동을 상세히 모사할 수 있는 탄소성모델 및 말뚝절편 수치해석을 적용하여 말뚝지름에 따른 사질토지반에 설치된 현장타설말뚝의 주면마찰거동을 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과는 현재 사용되는 설계방법과 비교하여 극한주면마찰력과 t-z거동을 잘 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝지름이 감소함에 따라 말뚝-지반 경계면 및 주위지반에 국부적으로 발생되는 체적팽창과 이에 따라 말뚝주면에 발현되는 유효수평응력이 더 크게 발생하기 때문에 극한주면마찰력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝지름이 감소함에 따라 t-z곡선 기울기의 증가는 말뚝재하에 따라 발생하는 세가지 전단단계(초기, 체적팽창, 및 일정체적 전단단계)가 일찍 발현되기 때문인 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 현장타설말뚝의 말뚝지름에 따른 극한주면마찰력에 대한 영향은 사질토지반의 상대밀도가 증가하고 구속압이 감소할수록 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1393-1400
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to validate local failure criteria, which were proposed based on the notched-bar specimen tests combining with finite element (FE) simulations, using the results of real-scale pipe failure tests. This study conducted burst test using wall-thinned pipe specimens, which were made of 4 inch Sch.80 ASTM A106 Gr.B carbon steel pipe, under simple internal pressure at ambient temperature and performed associated FE simulations. Failure pressures were estimated by applying the failure criteria to the results of FE simulations and were compared with experimental failure pressures. It showed that the local stress based criterion, given as true ultimate tensile stress of material, accurately estimated the failure pressure of wall-thinned pipe specimens. However, the local strain based criterion, which is fracture strain of material as a function of stress tri-axiality, could not predict the failure pressure. It was confirmed that the local stress based criterion is reliably applicable to estimation of failure pressure of local wall-thinned piping components.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.515-527
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• 2020

This paper presents a stress field approach for the shear capacity of stirrup-reinforced concrete beams that explicitly incorporates the contribution of principal tensile stresses in concrete. This formulation represents an extension of the variable strut inclination method adopted in the Eurocode 2. In this model, the stress fields in web concrete consist of principal compressive stresses inclined at an angle θ combined with principal tensile stresses oriented along a direction orthogonal to the former (the latter being typically neglected in other formulations). Three different failure mechanisms are identified, from which the strut inclination angle and the corresponding shear strength are determined through equilibrium principles and the static theorem of limit analysis, similar to the EC-2 approach. It is demonstrated that incorporating the contribution of principal tensile stresses of concrete slightly increases the ultimate inclination angle of the compression struts as well as the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. The proposed stress field approach improves the prediction of the shear strength in comparison with the Eurocode 2 model, in terms of both accuracy (mean) and precision (CoV), as demonstrated by a broad comparison with more than 200 published experimental results from the literature.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chain installation condition on stress distribution that could eventually cause disastrous failure from sudden deformation and geometric rupture. Methods: Fractographic method used for the failed chain indicates that over-stress was considered as the root cause of failure. 3D modeling and finite element analysis for the chain, used in a crane hook, were performed with a three-dimensional interactive application program, CATIA, commercial finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamic software, ANSYS. Results: The results showed that the state of stress was changed depending on the initial position of the chain that was installed in the hook. Especially, the magnitude of the stress was strongly affected by the bending forces, which are 2.5 times greater (under the simulation condition currently investigated) than that from the plain tensile load. Also, it was noted that the change of load state is strongly related to the failure of parts. The chain can hold an ultimate load of about 8 tons with only the tensile load acting on it. Conclusion: The conclusions of this research clearly showed that a reduction of the loss from similar incidents can be achieved when an operator properly handles the installation of the chain.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 1990

Mechanical components and structures are a major part of complex systems and the conseguences of their failure can be extremely costly. The ultimate goal of design engineers is to optimize these mechanical and structural design from the point of view of cost, reliability, weight, volume, maintainability and safety. An essential requirement of design optimization is to develop mathematical models for reliability at design stage. This paper is to minimize the cost of resources subject to the constraint that the reliability of the system must meet a specified level. The lagrange multiplier method is used to optimize the lognormal stress-lognormal strength problem. This optimization problem can be reduced to a search problem in one variable. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the optimization problem.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.1472-1482
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• 2017

Zirconium alloy cladding tube specimens were irradiated at $380^{\circ}C$ up to a fast neutron fluence of $7.5{\times}10^{24}n/m^2$ in a research reactor to investigate the effect of neutron irradiation on hydride reorientation and mechanical property degradation. Cool-down tests from $400^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$ under 150 MPa tensile hoop stress were performed. These tests indicate that the irradiated specimens generated a smaller radial hydride fraction than did the unirradiated specimens and that higher hydrogen content generated a smaller radial hydride fraction. The irradiated specimens of 500 ppm-H showed smaller ultimate tensile strength and plastic strain than those characteristics of the 250 ppm-H specimens. This mechanical property degradation caused by neutron irradiation can be explained by tensile hoop stress-induced microcrack formation on the hydrides in the irradiation-damaged matrix and subsequent microcrack propagation along the hydrides and/or through the matrix.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.285-290
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• 1994

The influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of concrete is important for fire-resistance studies and also for understanding the behavior of containment vessel, such as nuclear reactor pressure vessels, during service and ultimate condition. The present study is to clarify the damage/deterioration of concrete structures that are subjected to high temperature exposure. To this end, comprehensive experiments are conducted. The major test variables are the peak temperatures, rate of temperature increase, and sustained duration at peak temperature. The results include weight loss residual compressive strength and stress-strain curve. From those results, residua compressive strength formula and stress-strain relationship are proposed.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.291-300
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• 1994

The influence of elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties of concrete is important for fire-resistance studies and also for understanding the behavior of containment vessel, such as nuclear reactor pressure vessels, during service and ultimate condition. The present study is to clarify the damage/deterioration of concrete structures that are subjected to high temperature exposure. To this end, comprehensive experiments are conducted. The major test variables are the peak temperatures, rate of temperature increase, and sustained duration at peak temperature. The results include weight loss residual compressive strength and stress-strain curve. From those results, residua compressive strength formula and stress-strain relationship are proposed.