• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.613-616
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• 2006

The purpose of the this study of to define the critical corrosion amount of the steel cause the cracking of concrete cover. The major variables of the critical corrosion amount are concrete strength and thick of the concrete cover. In this experiment, the constant of stress concentration is added by a new variable. As a result of the experiment, it is confirmed to less decrease in the critical corrosion amount following the constants of stress concentration increased. Besides, electric currents were measured through a generator of constant voltage. When connecting constant voltage with corrosion circuit, it was discovered that magnitude of the change come out similarly between displacement on the concrete cover and electric current according to time.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2018

Outdoor exposure tests using of 7B04 aluminium alloy samples including plate, tensile and various SCC samples were carried out in Tuandao station, Shandong province (East of China) and Wanning station, Hainan province (South of China). Corrosion characteristics including weight loss, microstructure, tensile strength and SCC susceptibility were investigated. The corrosion rates in Tuandao and Wanning showed high to low and the corrosion rates changed to the following equation of $w=at^b$ (b<1). The corrosion of 7B04 aluminium alloy in Wanning was more serious than that in Tuandao. Pitting appeared at early stage of expose test, and it can be changed to general corrosion with test time extension. The 7B04 aluminium alloy of which specimen shapes are forging and thick plate also showed SCC (Stress corrosion cracking) in the marine atmosphere. The higher SCC sensitivity was observed in Wanning station than in Tuandao station. The 7B04 aluminium alloy with a high stress level was more sensitive to SCC. Intergranular and transgranular or a mixed mode of cracking can be observed in different marine exposure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.749-769
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• 2003

The structural deterioration of concrete structures due to reinforcement corrosion is a major worldwide problem. Service life of the age-degraded concrete structures is governed by the protective action provided by the cover concrete against the susceptibility of the reinforcement to the corrosive environment. The corrosion of steel would result in the various corrosion products, which depending on the level of the oxidation may have much greater volume than the original iron that gets consumed by the process of corrosion. This volume expansion would be responsible for exerting the expansive radial pressure at the steel-concrete interface resulting in the development of hoop tensile stresses in the surrounding cover concrete. Once the maximum hoop tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracking of cover concrete would take place. The cracking begins at the steel-concrete interface and propagates outwards and eventually resulting in the through cracking of the cover concrete. The cover cracking would indicate the loss of the service life for the corrosion-affected structures. In the present paper, analytical models have been developed considering the residual strength of the cracked concrete and the stiffness provided by the combination of the reinforcement and expansive corrosion products. The problem is modeled as a boundary value problem and the governing equations are expressed in terms of the radial displacement. The analytical solutions are presented considering a simple 2-zone model for the cover concrete viz. cracked or uncracked. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various parameters of the proposed models. The time to cover cracking is found to be function of initial material properties of the cover concrete and reinforcement plus corrosion products combine, type of rust products, rate of corrosion and the residual strength of the cover concrete. The calculated cracking times are correlated against the published experimental and analytical reference data.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1988

The effects of PWHT (poste weld heat treatment) and stress simulating the residual stress during PWHT in weld HAZ of low and high strength steels on corrosion fatigue crack growth were evaluated. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Fatigue crack growth rate of HAZ in air and 3.5% NaCl solution was slower than that of parent due to the signgularity in weld HAZ. 2. In the case of HT-80, 3.5% NaCl solutio nacts to accelerate the crack growth for all specimens, and the sensitivity of as-weld to corrosion environment was the greatest among other PWHT specimens. 3. Corrosion fatigue crack growth of parent, as-weld and PWHT speciments ofr SS41 as well as SM53B was retarded in comparison with the fatigue crack growth in air. 4. There was a tendency that crack growth of PWHT specimens subjected $10kg/mm^2$ was faster than that of PWHT specimens without stress during PWHT. 5. The retardation phenomenon of crack growth in corrosion environment is attributed to the crack branching decreased .DELTA.K due to the corrosion products and multi-cracks.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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• pp.20-25
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• 2008

Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) of materials exposed to oilfield environment containing hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) has been recognized as a materials failure problem. Laboratory data and field experience have demonstrated that extremely low concentration of $H_2S$ may be sufficient to lead to SSC failure of susceptible materials. In some cases, $H_2S$ can act synergistically with chlorides to produce corrosion and cracking failures. SSC is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in high strength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials. In the heat-affected zones adjacent to welds, there are often very narrow hard zones combined with regions of high residual stress that may become embrittled to such an extent by dissolved atomic hydrogen. On the base of understanding on sulfide stress cracking and its mechanism, SSC resistance for the several materials, those are ASTM A106 Gr B using in the oil industries, are evaluated.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.266-273
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• 2004

The objective of this study is an understanding of stress corrosion cracking of metals that is recognized to mostly limit the lifetime of the structural materials by comparing the features of delayed hydride cracking of zirconium alloys with those of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ni-based alloys and hydrogen cracking of stainless steels. To this end, we investigated a dependence of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) velocity on the applied stress intensity factor and yield strength, and correlated a temperature dependence of the striation spacing and the DHC velocity. We reviewed a similarity of the features between the DHC of zirconium alloys, the SCC of Ni-based alloys and turbine rotor steels, and the hydrogen cracking of stainless steels and discussed the SCC phenomenon in metals with our DHC mode.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

PSC(Prestressed Concrete)는 전단면을 유효하게 사용할 수 있으므로 교량 및 암거와 같은 구조물에 가장 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 내부의 텐던은 항상 높은 인장하중을 받는 상태에 노출되므로 부식환경에서 더욱 주의를 해야한다. 본 연구는 동일한 부식조건에서 프리스트레싱 하중에 따라 변화하는 부식전류 및 내력저하에 대한 연구이다. 이를 위해 초기 프리스트레싱 하중의 0.0%, 20.0%, 40.0%수준으로 가력한 뒤, ICM(Impressed Current Method)를 이용하여 촉진부식실험을 수행하였다. 초기 하중이 증가할수록 부식전류와 부식량은 증가하였으며 최대하중의 감소가 선형적으로 발생하였다. 초기하중이 20%에서 40%로 증가할 때, 부식전류량은 124.4%와 168.0% 수준으로 증가하였으며, 최종 파괴시의 하중은 87.8% 및 78.4%수준으로 감소하였다. 동일한 전압인가 시 부식속도와 내력저하는 인가한 초기 프리스트레싱 하중에 비례함을 알 수 있다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.210-229
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• 2021

To safely operate domestic nuclear power plants approaching the end of their design life, the material degradation management strategy of the components is important. Among studies conducted to improve the soundness of nuclear reactor components, research methods for understanding the degradation of reactor internals and preparing management strategies were surveyed. Since the IGSCC (Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking) initiation and propagation process is associated with metal dissolution at the crack tip, crack initiation sensitivity was decreased in the hydrogenated water with decreased crack sensitivity but occurrence of small surface cracks increased. A stress of 50 to 55% of the yield strength of the irradiated materials was required to cause IASCC (Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking) failure at the end of the reactor operating life. In the threshold-stress analysis, IASCC cracks were not expected to occur until the end of life at a stress of less than 62% of the investigated yield strength, and the IASCC critical dose was determined to be 4 dpa (Displacement Per Atom). The stainless steel surface oxide was composed of an internal Cr-rich spinel oxide and an external Fe and Ni-rich oxide, regardless of the dose and applied strain level.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2008

High strength 7xxx series Al-Zn-Mg alloy have been investigated for using light weight automotive parts especially for bump back beam. The composition of commercial 7xxx aluminum has the Zn/Mg ratio about 3 and Cu over 2 wt%, but this composition isn't adequate for appling to automotive bump back beam due to its high resistance to extrusion and bad weldability. In this study the Zn/Mg ratio was increased for better extrusion and Cu content was reduced for better welding. With this new composition we investigated the effect of composition on the resistivity against stress corrosion cracking. As the Zn/Mg ratio is increased fracture energy obtained by slow strain rate test was decreased, which means degradation of SCC resistance. While the fracture energy was increased with Cu contents although it is below 1%, which means improvement of SCC resistance. These effects of composition change on the SCC resistivity were identified by observing the fracture surface and crack propagation.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.537-544
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• 2003

This paper deals with stress corrosion cracking behavior of high strength steel exposed to marine environments. The objective is to determine the time to failure as a function of hydrogen concentration and tensile stress in the wires. A crack growth curve is modeled using finite element method (FEM) program. The coupled hydrogen diffusion-stress analyses of SCC were programmed separately. The first part is calculating stress and stress intensity /sup 1)/factor of a cylindrical shell, prestressing tendon or suspension bridge wires, from the initiation of cracks to rupture. Virtual crack extension method, contour integral method, and crack tip elements are used for the calculation of stresses in front of the crack tip. Comparisons of the result show a good agreement with the analytical equations and wire tests. The second part of the study deals with the programming of hydrogen diffusion, affected by hydrostatic stress, calculated at the location of boundary of plastic area around the crack tip. The results of paper can be used in the design and management of prestressed structures, cable stayed and suspension bridges. Time dependent correlated parallel reliabilities of a cable, composed of 36 wires, were evaluated by the consideration of the deterioration of stress corrosion cracking.