• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.142-143
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• 2014

In this study, as to enhance the efficiency and workability, binder contained 3 types of gels have been used to replacement the OPC. Fundamental properties and length change of the concrete have been tested to evaluate the effect of different binders. The following results could be made as the conclusion. When the binder contained 3 types of gels used, the flowability increased, whereas the air content decreased. There showed some different air content when the component of binder changed but the difference was consider as limit. For the strength properties, with the using of binder contained 3 types of gels increased the strength. Specimen of FA20SF5 showed the better strength and lower length change of drying shrinkage than other specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.563-575
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• 2009

This research has found logical data directly influencing forming consideration set and attitude and attitude strength under the choosing situation based on memory-base proposed by Priester et. al (2004). We've examined the possibility of model extension through physical salient strength according to the location of product display as an external stimulate factor and attitude and attitude strength, consideration set and role on variable choice. Especially, this research practically proposed the method measuring directly the attitude on behavior instead of seeing the intension of behavior or behavior by measuring the behavior itself based on existing experiment methods and applied logistics regression analysis. In conclusion, this research confirmed the possibility of generalization of this model by verifying appropriateness through logical background and actual analysis based on stimulus-base proposed model characters as an integrated model relation between attitude in stimulus-based relation and decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.4-11
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• 2009

Anatomical features of both leaves and stems of the four mistletoes in Korea (Viscum album var. coloratum, Korthalsella japonica, Loranthus yadoriki, L. tanaka) and of their secondary haustorial structure within several host plants were investigated. Among the four mistletoes, there were diagnostic characters of the anatomy of leaves and stems which enabled us to distinguish the four taxa. Leaves were observed to have three distinct characters including unifacial or bifacial leaves, the number of vascular bundles in the midveins, and the level of development of sclerenchyma cells. There were four diagnostic characters of stems: overall morphology of stems in transverse view, degree of cuticle development, arrangement of vascular bundles, and features of the sclerenchyma and pith. In order to determine secondary haustorial traits, the research focused on the seven host plants of L. yadoriki and on the five host plants of K. japonica. The following features were found to be important: presence or absence of an aerial runner root, the shape of the haustorial strand and flange, the degree of penetration into host tissues, and their development of shaft in transverse view, the development both of secondary haustorial cells and short tracheid in hyphae. Korthalsella japonica and L. yadorki were clearly distinguished by these characters. The secondary haustorial forms in each host were somewhat different, due to varying degrees of development in the strength of the host plants' wood. However, qualitative characters like the final position of the secondary haustorial penetration into host tissues and the development of short tracheid cells were not only affected by the degree of development of the host plants, but also useful for the systematic study.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.319-323
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• 1991

To determine how closely related to field lodging for several characters affecting the field lodging for several characters affecting field lodging, and to obtain the basic information for selection of lodging resistance genotype, an experiment was conducted with 10 varieties from May to Oct., 1990 at the experimental field in Sunchon Xational University. Culm length, dry weight per unit culm length (W/1), bending moment per unit culm diameter (W1/d), lodging index (L), bending load ratio (W1/P), and index of critical lodging load(W$_{s}$$^{2}$/1$^4$) were the most closely related characters to field lodging. Culm length showed highly significant positive correlation coefficient with field lodging(r=0.7607), but it may be undesirable to judge lodging resistance of genotype by culm length itself without consideration of culm stiffness. Considering the difficulty and time-consuming to measure the character, clum length, W/1, W1/d, and W$_{s}$$^{2}$/1$^4$ were easy to measure and hence would be the most useful variables to judge the lodging resistance of genotype. Culm diameter, cross sectional area of culm, thickness of culm wall, and the second inertia moment of cross section of culm were not correlated with field lodging at all. Breaking strength of culm showed significantly negative correlation coefficient (r=-0.3986) with field lodging.ing.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2001

This study examinated the application in construction field and the development of waterproofing material system by the spray water-soluble rubber asphalt to solve the problems of synthetic polymer sheet and gio membrane(A mat sheet of Bentonite) that had been used domestic waterproofing material in advance. As the result of study, characters of study water-soluble rudder asphalt are the follows: 1) The amount of water absorption was '0.06'g and the seepage quality was '0'g in result. 2) The tensile strength was about 30.7kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2 and the elongation was about 72.4% in result. 3) After reliance of temperature test had been ended, the tensile strength was about 72.4kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2 in low temperature and about 30.7kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2 in normal temperature. 4) After acid and alkaline treatment had been ended, the tensile strength was about 19.7kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and about 21.9kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2 in result. 5) After chlorine ion treatment had been ended, the tensile strength was 28.5kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and the elongation was 250% in result. 6) The impact performance was subsided at 1.5m height. 7) After promotion weathering had been ended, the tensile and elongation was about 26.0kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2, 214% in result. So, this study can propose the spray water-soluble rubber asphalt to satisfy the and durability of waste filled land.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to discover the difference in stimulation effect when the volume and insertion method of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture was varied. Methods : 48 healthy people were randomly injected with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 cc of mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture, perpendicularly or transversely at acupoints $LI_9$ and $LI_{10}$. The subjects noted their level of stimulation on a 100 mm visual analog scale(VAS) immediately after, 3 minutes after, and 5 minutes after the treatment. Results : There was no significant statistical difference in the stimulation strength between perpendicular injection and transverse injection pharmacopuncture. There was significant statistical difference in the stimulation strength when the volume of pharmacopuncture was varied. As the volume of pharmacopuncture increased from 0.1 cc to 0.3 cc, and to 0.5 cc, the stimulation strength increased as well. Conclusions : We found that volume of pharmacopuncture may be a controlling element for mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture. Additional study is needed for pharmacopuncture's stimulation adjusting factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 1995

The feasibility study of using converter slag as a solidifying agent of digested sewage sludge cake has been performed. The availability of converter slag as solidifying agent has been investigated by several trial tests. Based on the trial test results, the optimum mixing ratios of sludge cake and solidification additive are estabilished. Finally the solidification characters of sludge cake are elucidated by SEM and EDS. It is ascertained that converter slag with a small amount of quicklime enhences the solidification. From the result of pH test, overall pH of specimens tends to decrease slowly with curing time. After solidifying specimens had been cured for 7 days, these are water-cured for 24 hours. The weight and strength of all the specimens are nearly the same regardless of the mixed ratios of solidifying agent. The result of leaching tests for four heavy metal ions, Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, Pb and Cu show that the leaching strength becomes below the decision criteria of the specific wastes, respectively. The SEM observation of the delicate structure shows that needlelike crystals appear after solidification which are not observed before. From the EDS analysis, it is found that the main ingredients of needlelike crystals are Ca, Si, Al and O.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2014

Mudstone is a very common rock that, when in contact with water, can exhibit considerable volume change and breakdown. This behavior of mudstone is frequently encountered in geotechnical engineering and has a considerable influence on infrastructure stability. This is particularly important in the present work, which focuses on mitigating the harmful properties of mudstone. The samples studied are of Permian Age mudstone from Shandong Province, China. Modification tests using organic silicone additive material were carried out. The mechanisms of physical properties modification of mudstone were comparatively studied using corresponding test methods, and the modification mechanism of organic silicone additive material acting on mudstone was analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn. The surface texture and characters of mudstone changed dramatically, surface character turns from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after organic silicone additive material modification. The changes in the surface character indicate a reduction in the water sensitivity of mudstone. After modification, the shape of porosity and fracture of mudstone changed unremarkable, and the total and free expansion ratios decreased obviously, whereas the strength increased markedly.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.3 s.55
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• pp.127-134
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• 2009

This study investigated their properties of spalling resistance and residual compressive strength after fire test corresponding to various ISO, RABT heating curves, and contents of hybrid organic fiber of high strength concrete. The results were summarized as following. As fundamental characters of concrete with hybrid organic fiber, the flowability was directly declined as the increase of fiber contents, and air contents were decreased or increased a little bit, but there was not big difference. The compressive strength was gradually declined sluggishly at 28 days. As properties of fire resistance, in case of RABT heating curves, compare with ISO heating curves a spalling aspect showed till range that has much contents of hybrid organic fiber, but they are mostly peeling spalling, which means spalling aspect didn't happen to inside. In conclusion, in case of W/B 25% high strength concrete, the spalling was prevented over 0.04% of contents of fiber at ISO heating curve and over 0.10% of contents of fiber at the RABT heating curve. In case of spalling was prevented, mass reduction rate according to the change of heating temperature curves showed around 7% at ISO heating curves and around 9% at RABT heating curves. The residual compressive strength rate corresponding to the change of heating temperature curves showed 50%~60% at ISO heating temperature curves and 30%~35% at RABT heating temperature curves in case of spalling was prevented.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.410-417
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• 2000

In this study the effects of specifics surface area of cement, addition amount of gypsum and substitution ratio of gypsum anhydrite ont he physical properties of cement mortars were investigated by measruements of setting time, flow, compressive strength and hydration heat evolution rate. The results showed that fluidity of mortars was increased by 40 wt.% of maximum flow change with the decreasing specific surface area of cement from 3,500$\textrm{cm}^2$/g to 3,300${\pm}$50$\textrm{cm}^2$/g and affected by the relationship between the cement and balancing between the chemical activityof cement and solubility of calcium sulfate are desirable to prevent the fluidity of concrete from decreasing by high temperature in summer season.