• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

Recently, single cell gel electrophoresis, also known as comet assay, is widely used for the detection and measurement of DNA strand breaks in vitro and in vivo in many toxicological fields such as radiation exposure, human monitoring and toxicity evaluation. As well defined, comet assay is a sensitive, rapid and visual method for the detection of DNA strand breaks in individual cells. Briefly, a small number of damaged cells suspended in a thin agarose gel on a microscope slide were lysed, unwinded, electrophoresed, and stained with a fluorescent DNA binding dye. The electric current pulled the charged DNA from the nucleus such that relaxed and broken DNA fragments migrated further. The resulting images which were subsequently named for their appearance as comets, were measured to determine the extent of DNA damages. However, some variations could be occurred in procedures, laboratories's conditions and kind of cells used. Hence, to overcome and to harmonize these matters in comet assay, International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedure (IWGTP) was held with several topics including comet assay at Washington D.C. on March, 1999. In spite of some consensus in procedures and conditions in IWGTP, there are some problems still remained to be solved. In this respect, we attempted to set the practical optimal conditions in the experimental procedures such as lysis, unwinding, electrophoresis and neutralization conditions and so on. First of all, we determined optimal lysis and unwinding time by using 150 $\mu$M methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) which is usually used concentration. And then, we determined optimal positive control concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and MMS in the presence and absence of S9 metabolic activation system, respectively.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

Perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene, PCE), a dry cleaning and degreasing solvent, can enter ground-water through accidental leak or spills. PCE can be degraded to trichloroethylene (TCE), 1, 1-dichloroethylene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) as potential bio-product. These compounds have been reported that they can cause clinical diseases and cytotoxicity. However, only a little genotoxic information of these compounds has been known. In this study, we investigated DNA single strand breaks of PCE, TCE, DCE and VC by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, (comet assay) which is a sensitive, reliable and rapid method for DNA single strand breaks with mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. From these results, $37.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PCE, $189\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TCE and $56.4\;{\mu}g/ml$ of DCE were revealed significant DNA damages in the absence of S-9 metabolic activation system meaning direct-acting mutagen. And in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system, $41.5\;{\mu}g/ml$ of PCE, $328.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ of TCE and $949\;{\mu}g/ml$ of DCE were induced significant DNA damage. In the case of VC, it was revealed a significant DNA damage in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Therefore, we suggest that chloroethylene compounds (PCE, TCE, DCE and VC) may be induced the DNA damage in a mammalian cell.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.247-250
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• 2011

We designed an effective screening method for double strand DNA (dsDNA) binders using DNA-modified magnetic particles. Hairpin DNA was immobilized on the surface of magnetic particle for a simple screening of dsDNA binding materials in a solution containing various compounds. Through several magnetic separation and incubation processes, four DNA-binding materials, DAPI, 9AA, AQ2A, and DNR, were successfully screened from among five candidates. Efficiency of screening was demonstrated by HPLC analysis using a C2/18 reverse-phase column. In addition, their relative binding strengths were verified by measuring the melting temperature ($T_m$). If hairpin DNA sequence is modified for other uses, this magnetic bead-based approach can be applied as a high-throughput screening method for various functional materials such as anti-cancer drugs.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.95-103
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• 1999

혼합형 고체추진제의 저압하에서의 연소특성을 연소속도측정, 점화 및 정상 연소현상 관찰, 그리고, 소화표면의 구조 관찰의 측면에서 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 OVSB 장치를 제작하였으며, 저압 연소속도 측정기법을 정립하여 혼합형 고체추진제의 저압 연소속도를 측정하였고, OVSB의 연소실에 장착된 창을 통하여 추진제의 점화 및 연소현상을 비디오 카메라를 사용하여 초당 30 장의 속도로 촬영하여 분석하였다. 또한, 급속감압법을 이용하여 얻은 추진제의 소화표면의 구조를 주사전자현미경으로 분석하였다. 시험 대상 추진제들은 대기압 이하(2.0∼15psia)의 저압하에서 압력 지수가 0.6∼0.88로 높은 압력의존성을 보였으며, 추진제에 포함된 금속입자(Al) 함량이 연소속도와 압력 지수에 크게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 금속함량이 클수록 연소속도가 빨랐으며, 압력 지수는 작았다. 시험대상 추진제들은 2.0psia 부근에서 자체 소화되는 특성을 보였다. 그리고, 연소표면에서의 AP 입자의 분해속도가 바인더의 분해속도 보다 느렸으며, 낮은 압력으로 인해 바인더가 쉽게 기체상태로 승화하는 것으로 판단되었다. Al이 다량 함유된(17.5%) 추진제가 점화성이 우수하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

Large superconducting magnets such as ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Research) or KSTAR (Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) magnet system adopted a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) using a forced-flow cooling system. Main optimization criteria for the conductor design of superconducting magnet system are stability margin and CICC cooling requirements. A zero-dimensional method is applied for the calculation of stability and the conductor optimization. In order to increase conductor performance, three different strands, ITER HP-I and HP-II, and KSTAR HP-Ⅲ, are tested. The strand characteristics of KSTAR HP-Ⅲ are measured in the Samsung's PPMS and Jc measurement system, and applied for this study. Also, the strand diameters, 0.81 mm and 0.78 mm are considered for this study, due to design change. Based on this result, the proposed configuration of CICC has been fabricated.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1998

One of the areas in the continuous casting process that up to this point, has not been definitively instrumented is a method of reliably locating the part of a continuously cast strand that remains liquid for a period after the outer portion has solidified. To solve the problem. Electromagnetic Trandsducers(EMAT) which operate across an air gap without the need for a coupling medium has been developed. The system was designed to employ a through transmission technique which enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio. The Al 75$\times$75mm and 75$\times$100mm simulators with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mm hole respectively has been produced in order to verify the developed EMAT system and to measure to liquid core in continuous casting strand. The system developed can be employed for the optimization of torch cutting speed and for the final cut length of the bloom as well as calculation of average bloom temperature.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2011

After the first report that electrons with sub-ionization energy of DNA could cause single strand breaks or double strand breaks to DNA, there have been various studies to investigate the mechanisms of DNA damage by low-energy electrons. In this paper, we examined the possibility of using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the dissociation patterns of the molecular bonds by electron irradiation on DNA thin films and tried to establish the method as a general tool for studying the radiation damage of biomolecules by low energ yelectrons. For the experiment, pBR322 plasmid DNA solution was formed into the films on tantalum plates by lyophilization and was irradiated by 5-eV electrons. Un-irradiated and irradiated DNA films were compared and analyzed using the XPS technique.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVII)
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• pp.622-622
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• 2005

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 내부용적이 200 cc와 700 cc인 closed bomb을 이용하여 30,000 psi까지 HTPB/AP 추진제의 연소 특성을 고찰하였다. 장전 밀도에 따라 closed bomb법에 의해 측정한 결과 연소속도는 $1,000{\sim}5,000$ psi 범위에서 strand burner법에 의해 측정한 추진제의 연소속도와 잘 일치하였으며, 측정 압력이 6,000 psi 부근에서 압력 지수가 급격히 증가하는 현상을 보였다. Closed bomb의 내부용적이 각각 200 cc와 700 cc일 때 측정된 연소속도는 내부용적의 크기에 상관없이 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 강성벽체가 됫채움 모래로부터 바깥쪽으로 수평이동할 경우에, 다양한 이동단계 에서 발생되는 정적 및 동적수평토압의 크기를 예측키 위해 Sokolovskii의 한계평형이론을 변형한 해석방법을 제시하였다. 제시된 해석방법을 토대로 얻어진 결과치와 Fang및 Sherif등이 밝힌 실험치가 벽체의 다양한 이동단계에서 잘 일치하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 또한 벽체뒷면을 연직으로 하는 대신에 됫채움쪽으로 일정한 각도만큼 경사지게 하였을때 예상되는 정적 및 동적수평토압 합력의 감소효과도 분석하였다. 이외에도, 옹벽설계에 중요시 되는 벽마찰각 및 됫채움 모래의 내부마찰각 크기등이 정적수평토압 및 동적수평주동토압의 합력에 미치는 영향도 검토하였다.