• Title/Summary/Keyword: Strand method

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Rapid and Efficient Molecular Cloning of Rat Liver Full-length LDH A-cDNA (효율높은 cloning system을 통한 Rat Liver 전장 낙산탈수소효소 A-cDNA의 제조 및 분리동정)

  • 노옥경;배석철;이승기
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.116-125
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    • 1987
  • It is still difficult and time consuming to obtain cDNA sequences that contain the entire nucleotide sequence of the corresponding mRNA. A rapid and high efficient cloning method to obtain full-length cDNA segments is thus developed. The cloning procedure described here consists of the construction of oligo(dT)-tailed vector primer using pWR34 plasmid, polyadenylation of mRNA-cDNA heteroduplex using terminal deoxytransferase, and replacement of MRNA strand with DNA by RNase H and DNA polymerase I. The restriction endonuclease analysis shows that the size of inserted-cDNA is in the range of 1.5~4.0 kb long suggesting that most of cloned cDNA are full-length or nearly full-length cDNA. The plasmid-DNA recombinants obtained were 4$\times$$10^5$~$10^{6}$ per $\mu\textrm{g}$ of rat liver poly (A$^+$)mRNA, which is 4 to 10 fold higher cloning efficiency in comparison to the presently used methods for full-length cDNA cloning. The results indicate that the described cloning system is much simpler, less time consuming, and very efficient cloning method to construct a cDNA library.

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Burning Rate Testing of Double Base Solid Propellants using Ultrasound (초음파를 이용한 Double Base형 고체추진제의 연소속도 측정)

  • Song, Sung-Jin;Ko, Sun-Feel;Kim, Hak-Joon;Oh, Hyun-Taek;Kim, In-Chul;Yoo, Ji-Chang;Jung, Jung-Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.247-250
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    • 2006
  • In the previous study, we have developed an ultrasonic measurement system and analysis technique for borning rate testing of solid propellants using ultrasound. And then, using the developed system, burning rate of composite propellants were measured. So, in this study, we performed measurement of double base solid propellant, which has non-linear homing rate as pressure increasing, using the developed system in order to evaluate capability of ultrasonic method. Furthermore, accuracy of measured homing rates using ultrasound was verified by comparison to homing rate measured by the strand burner method.

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Numerical assessment of post-tensioned slab-edge column connection systems with and without shear cap

  • Janghorban, Farshad;Hoseini, Abdollah
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2018
  • Introduction of prestressed concrete slabs based on post-tensioned (PT) method aids in constructing larger spans, more useful floor height, and reduces the total weight of the building. In the present paper, for the first time, simulation of 32 two-way PT slab-edge column connections is performed and verified by some existing experimental results which show good consistency. Finite element method is used to assess the performance of bonded and unbonded slab-column connections and the impact of different parameters on these connections. Parameters such as strand bonding conditions, presence or absence of a shear cap in the area of slab-column connection and the changes of concrete compressive strength are implied in the modeling. The results indicate that the addition of a shear cap increases the flexural capacity, further increases the shear strength and converts the failure mode of connections from shear rigidity to flexural ductility. Besides, the reduction of concrete compressive strength decreases the flexural capacity, further reduces the shear strength of connections and converts the failure mode of connections from flexural ductility to shear rigidity. Comparing the effect of high concrete compressive strengths versus the addition of a shear cap, shows that the latter increases the shear capacity more significantly.

A study on fracture toughness evaluation and crack growth behavior in FRP (SMC material) (FRP(SMC재)의 균열成長 擧動과 破壞인성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 김정규;박진성
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.472-478
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    • 1989
  • Using the SMC(sheet moulding compound) composite material consisting of E-glass chopped strand mat and unsaturated polyester resin, three-point bending tests are carried out to evaluate the elasto-plastic fracture toughness by means of R curve. The crack extension is experimentally observed with the ink staining method. The point of stable crack growth is discussed in consideration of the load-load point displacement curve, the damage behavior of the notch vicinity, and the R-curves. The damage zone of the notch vicinity was composed of the initiation and growth of subcracks as well as those of the main crack. The point of stable crack growth can be defined as the inflection point in the R curves and its point also concurrs with the proportional limit on the load-load point displacement curve.

Evaluation on Flexural Behavior of Double-tee Slabs with the Least Depth from Optimization Process (최적이론에 의하여 설계된 최소 깊이 더블티 슬래브의 휨거동 평가)

  • 유승룡;김대훈;유재천
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.141-152
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    • 1999
  • Precast prestressed double-tee slab may be designed by the PCI Design Handbook. It is based on the bridge construction and is required for reorganization for the use of buildings in the domestic construction environments. Much enhanced sections are developed from the reforming process on the determined design factors in the previous experimental works on double tees. Pre-determined shape, reinforcement detail, and 5000 psi concrete strength can not be expected as the best solution for the domestic construction requirements because large amount of use on that systems are anticipated. Flexural tests are performed on four full-scale 12.5m proto-type models, "least depth double tee", which are resulted from the optimization process. Domestic superimposed live load regulation, domestic material properties which is available to product, building design requirements and economy in construction are considered as the main factors to establish. the first two sections are double tee section for 1.2 ton/$\m^2$ market live load with straight and one-point depressed strands and the second two are for 0.6 ton/$\m^2$ parking live load with those strand types. All of the specimens tested fully comply with the flexural strength requirements as specified by ACI 318-95. However, the research has shown that following improved considerations are needed for better result in practice. The locations and method of connection for the lowest bottom mild bar, connection method between precast and cast-in-place concrete, and dap-end reinforcement are need to be improved.

Force monitoring of steel cables using vision-based sensing technology: methodology and experimental verification

  • Ye, X.W.;Dong, C.Z.;Liu, T.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.585-599
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    • 2016
  • Steel cables serve as the key structural components in long-span bridges, and the force state of the steel cable is deemed to be one of the most important determinant factors representing the safety condition of bridge structures. The disadvantages of traditional cable force measurement methods have been envisaged and development of an effective alternative is still desired. In the last decade, the vision-based sensing technology has been rapidly developed and broadly applied in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM). With the aid of vision-based multi-point structural displacement measurement method, monitoring of the tensile force of the steel cable can be realized. In this paper, a novel cable force monitoring system integrated with a multi-point pattern matching algorithm is developed. The feasibility and accuracy of the developed vision-based force monitoring system has been validated by conducting the uniaxial tensile tests of steel bars, steel wire ropes, and parallel strand cables on a universal testing machine (UTM) as well as a series of moving loading experiments on a scale arch bridge model. The comparative study of the experimental outcomes indicates that the results obtained by the vision-based system are consistent with those measured by the traditional method for cable force measurement.

Association of polymorphisms in bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B gene exon-9 with litter size in Dorset, Mongolian, and Small Tail Han ewes

  • Jia, Jianlei;Chen, Qian;Gui, Linsheng;Jin, Jipeng;Li, Yongyuan;Ru, Qiaohong;Hou, Shengzhen
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.949-955
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    • 2019
  • Objective: The present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in exon-9 of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B (BMPR-1B) gene (C864T) with litter size in 240 Dorset, 232 Mongolian, and 124 Small Tail Han ewes. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 596 ewes and genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol: chloroform extraction method. The 304-bp amplified polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed for polymorphism by single-strand conformation polymorphism method. The genotypic frequency and allele frequency of BMPR-1B gene exon-9 were computed after sequence alignment. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test was used to analyze the association of genotypic frequency and litter size traits with in each ewe breed, where the phenotype was directly treated as category. Results: The results indicated two different banding patterns AA and AB for this fragment, with the most frequent genotype and allele of AA and A. Calculated Chi-square test for BMPR-1B gene exon-9 was found to be more than that of p value at the 5% level of significance, indicating that the population under study was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all ewes. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test analyses indicated litter size differences between genotypes was not the same for each breed. The 304-bp nucleotide sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis, and the C864T mutation significantly affected litter size in singletons, twins and multiples. The heterozygosity in exon-9 of BMPR-1B gene could increase litter size for all the studied ewes. Conclusion: Consequently, it appears that the polymorphism BMPR-1B gene exon-9 detected in this study may have potential use in marker assisted selection for litter size in Dorset, Mongolian, and Small Tail Han ewes.

A case study on perforation under Daejeon station building by Front-Jacking method (Front-Jacking공법에 의한 대전역사 하부 관통사례)

  • Kim, Yong-Il;Hwang, Nak-Yeon;Jeong, Du-Seok;Cha, Jong-Hwi;Lee, Nae-Yong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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    • 2006.03a
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    • pp.195-203
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    • 2006
  • The crossing construction under railroad have two methods which are cut and cover and trenchless method. first, cut and cover method is an extremely limited method concerning non-running time. Whereas, trenchless method is free from restriction such as train speed and running time, and has the strong points of safe and rapid construction. Front Jacking method, one of the trenchless methods, is frequently applied recently due to its stability during construction and vantage of assuring schedule reliability. The procedure is that after minimizing interlocking friction with structure and earth pressure due to jacking the small steel tube, pulling the precast box manufactured at the field in the ground using PC strand and hydraulic Jack. This method is able to be applied regardless of section size and length of box and condition of ground. And that is also pro-environmental. This paper presents the case of Daejeon E. W. perforate Road Project applied with the Front Jacking method.

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A Case Study on Construction of Front-Jacking method in Daejeon E.W. perforate Road Project (대전 동서관통도로 Front-Jacking공법 시공사례)

  • Kim Yong-Il;Hwang Nak-Yeon;Cha Jong-Whi;Jang Sung-Wook;Lee Nai-Yong
    • Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.646-654
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    • 2005
  • The crossing construction under railroad have two methods which are cut and cover and trenchless method. First, cut and cover method is an extremely limited method concerning non-running time. Whereas, trenchless method is free from restriction such as train speed and running time, and has the strong points of safe and rapid construction. Front Jacking method, one of the trenchless methods, is frequently applied recently due to its stability during construction and vantage of assuring schedule reliability. The procedure is that after minimizing interlocking friction with structure and earth pressure due to jacking the small steel tube, pulling the precast box manufactured at the field in the ground using PC strand and hydraulic Jack. This method is able to be applied regardless of section size and length of box and condition of soil. And that is also pro-environmental. This paper presents the case of Daejeon E. W. perforate Road Project applied with the Front Jacking method.

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An improved modal strain energy method for structural damage detection, 2D simulation

  • Moradipour, Parviz;Chan, Tommy H.T.;Gallag, Chaminda
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.105-119
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    • 2015
  • Structural damage detection using modal strain energy (MSE) is one of the most efficient and reliable structural health monitoring techniques. However, some of the existing MSE methods have been validated for special types of structures such as beams or steel truss bridges which demands improving the available methods. The purpose of this study is to improve an efficient modal strain energy method to detect and quantify the damage in complex structures at early stage of formation. In this paper, a modal strain energy method was mathematically developed and then numerically applied to a fixed-end beam and a three-story frame including single and multiple damage scenarios in absence and presence of up to five per cent noise. For each damage scenario, all mode shapes and natural frequencies of intact structures and the first five mode shapes of assumed damaged structures were obtained using STRAND7. The derived mode shapes of each intact and damaged structure at any damage scenario were then separately used in the improved formulation using MATLAB to detect the location and quantify the severity of damage as compared to those obtained from previous method. It was found that the improved method is more accurate, efficient and convergent than its predecessors. The outcomes of this study can be safely and inexpensively used for structural health monitoring to minimize the loss of lives and property by identifying the unforeseen structural damages.