• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 2011

The load cell is a force sensor and a transducer that is used to convert a physical force into a electrical signal for weighing equipment. Most conventional load cells are widely used a metal foil strain gauge for sensing element when force being applied spring element in order to converts the deformation to electrical signals. The sensitivity of a load cell is limited by its low gauge factor, hysteresis and creep. But silicon-based sensors perform with higher reliability. This paper presents the basic design and development of the silicon type load cell with an SUS630 diaphragm. The load cell consists of two parts the silicon strain gauge and the SUS630 structure with diaphragm. Structure analysis of load cell was researched by theory to optimize the load cell diaphragm design and to determine the position of peizoresistors on a silicon strain gauge. The piezo-resistors are integrated in the four points of silicon strain gauge processed by ion implantation. The thickness of the silicon strain gauge was polished by CMP under 100 ${\mu}M$. The 10 mm diameter SUS630 diaphragm was designed for loads up to 10 kg with 300 ${\mu}M$ of diaphragm thickness. The load cell was successfully tested, the variation of ${\Delta}$R(%) of four points on the silicon strain gauge is good linearity properties and sensitivity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.407-414
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• 2024

Phosphorus is an essential but non-renewable nutrient resource critical for agriculture. Luxury phosphorus uptake allows microalgae to synthesize polyphosphate and accumulate phosphorus, but, depending on the strain of algae, polyphosphate may be degraded within 4 hours of accumulation. We studied the recovery of phosphorus from wastewater through luxury uptake by an engineered strain of Synechocystis sp. with inhibited polyphosphate degradation and the effect of this engineered Synechocystis biomass on lettuce growth. First, a strain (∆phoU) lacking the phoU gene, which encodes a negative regulator of environmental phosphate concentrations, was generated to inhibit polyphosphate degradation in cells. Polyphosphate concentrations in the phoU knock-out strain were maintained for 24 h and then decreased slowly. In contrast, polyphosphate concentrations in the wild-type strain increased up to 4 h and then decreased rapidly. In addition, polyphosphate concentration in the phoU knockout strain cultured in semi-permeable membrane bioreactors with artificial wastewater medium was 2.5 times higher than that in the wild type and decreased to only 16% after 48 h. The biomass of lettuce treated with the phoU knockout strain (0.157 mg P/m²) was 38% higher than that of the lettuce treated with the control group. These results indicate that treating lettuce with this microalgal biomass can be beneficial to crop growth. These results suggest that the use of polyphosphate-accumulating microalgae as biofertilizers may alleviate the effects of a diminishing phosphorous supply. These findings can be used as a basis for additional genetic engineering to increase intracellular polyphosphate levels.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.16 no.2 s.92
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• pp.101-106
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• 2007

Uniaxial displacement controlled tests were performed on annealed Type 304 stainless steel at room temperature. A servo-controlled testing machine and strain measurement on the gage length were employed to measure the response to a given input. The test results exhibit that the flow stress increases nonlinearly with the strain rate and the relaxed stress at the end of the relaxation periods depends strongly on the strain rate preceding the relaxation test. The rate-dependent inelastic deformation behavior is simulated using a new unified viscoplasticity model that has the rate-dependent format of nonlinear kinematic hardening rule, which plays a key role in modeling the rate dependence of relaxation behavior. The model does not employ yield or loading/unloading criteria and consists of a flow law and the evolution laws of two tensor and one scalar-valued state variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

In this paper, the low cycle fatigue(LCF) life tests were carried out under waveforms of asymmetric triangle($4{\times}10^{-3}$ and $4{\times}10^{-10}$ strain rate) and hold-time(1min and 10min) in strain control. In triangular waveform, the fatigue lives of fast-slow waveforms were decreased to about 63-73% and them of slow-fast waveforms were down to about 23-24% compared to them of fast-fast waveforms. The shapes of fracture surfaces were transgranular in fast-fast and fast-slow waveforms and intergranular in slow-fast ones. The fatigue lives of slow-fast waveforms were remarkedly shorter than them of hold-time waveforms even though cycle times of hold time waveforms were longer than them of slow-fast ones. The damage mechanisms of frature surfaces were mixed frature with both transgranular and intergranular, but intergranular fratures were r-type cavity in hold-time waveforms and w-type cavity in slow-fast ones.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.381-388
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• 2018

In this paper, forced vibration of micro cylindrical shell reinforced by functionally graded carbon nanotubes (FG-CNTs) is presented. The structure is subjected to transverse harmonic load and modeled by beam model. The size effects are considered based on strain gradient theory containing three small scale parameters. The mixture rule is used for obtaining the effective material properties of the structure. Based on sinusoidal shear deformation theory of beam, energy method and Hamilton's principle, the motion equations are derived. Applying differential quadrature method (DQM) and Newmark method, the frequency curves of the structure are plotted. The effect of different parameters including, CNTs volume percent and distribution type, boundary conditions, size effect and length to thickness ratio on the frequency curves of the structure is studied. Numerical results indicate that the dynamic deflection of the FGX-CNT-reinforced cylindrical is lower with respect to other type of CNT distribution.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1997

An adenosine deaminase inhibitor-producing bacterium was isolated from soil. An isolate exhibiting high adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity, was designated J-89, and classified as a strain of Bacillus subtilis on the basis of its morphological, phenotypic characteristics, the menaquinone content and cellular fatty acid composition. To confirm the taxonomic position of the strain we need more information such as DNA-DNA homology and other chemotaxonomic characteristics. In this paper we provisionally named strain J-89 as Bacillus sp. J-89 pending further chemotaxonomic study and analysis of adenosine deaminase inhibitor.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.76-84
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• 1999

The residual stress generated when the steel plates were produced, did not influence on the out-of-plane deformation and residual stress generated by welding. When the initial deflection shape was a concave(Type I), the out-of-plane deformation became the same shape as that of the initial deflection and its magnitude became small. When the initial deflection made a winding in the welding direction(Type III), the out-of-plane deformation became large in the plate width. The initial deflection shape did not influence on residual stress and plastic strain produced by welding.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of stepfamilies and the adjustment difficulties such families may experience. The study describes some sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of 117 stepfamilies. The independent variables were stresses due to adjustment difficulties, which were defined as "role strains". Sociodemographic variables included gender, family income level, length of time since remarriage, type of stepfamily, and the existence of any children born to the new marriage. The dependent variable was the extent of stepfamily adjustment, expressed as a scale. The factors influencing family adjustment included stepparent gender, family income level, type of stepfamily, and various role strain variables (family boundary ambiguity, role conflict, etc.). Practical recommendations for social work are made and possibilities for future research in this area are discussed based on the results of this study.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.495-502
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• 2023

In this study, stress relaxation tests were carried out by keeping silt type soil specimens under different strain levels. Decreases in the stress values with time data was collected to better understand the effect of the strain level on the relaxation properties of soil specimens. In addition, the stress relaxation effect on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values of the specimens was investigated with a series of tests. According to the results obtained from this study, the UCS values of the silt specimens significantly vary as a result of the stress relaxation effect. The UCS values were determined to increase with an increase of relaxation strain level to a threshold value. On the other hand, the UCS values were found to be affected adversely in case of high stress levels at the initiation of the relaxation, which are close to the peak level.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.545-547
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• 2023

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora of human skin and is occasionally associated with pathogenic infections. We report the complete genome sequence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strain Z0118SE0272 isolated from the residential environment sharing by a companion dog and dwellers. Resistance to cefoxitin was observed in the strain, whereas it was susceptible to erythromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mupirocin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and tigecycline. The strain Z0118SE0272 identified as sequence type 130 possessed the mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance, which composed the new type of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec elements lacking mecRI.