• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2004

Polysaccharides were prepared from Orostachys japonicus by extration with hot steam water (OJPl). The OIPl fraction was further purified by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography to produce FI (polysaccharides) and FII (oligosaccharides) fraction. The average molecular masses o fFI and FII fraction were determined to be 3050 kDa and 13 kDa, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of OIPl was tested against 8 strains of bacteria and one strain of yeast by the disc diffusion method, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) method and broth dilution method. The OIPl exhibited a very strong growth inhibition to Candida albicans. The OIPl remarkably sup­pressed the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. The OIPl showed higher growth inhibition to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than propolis, positive control. When the anticancer activity of the OIPl, FI or FII was examined against human cancer cell lines and the Sarcoma 180 cells, these widely suppressed the proliferation of cell lines in the MTT assay and morphology study. Especially, they remarkably inhibited the growth of A549, HeLa and AGS cells. Also treatment of cancer cells with OJPl, FI or FII induced apoptotic cell death characterized by DNA fragmentation. The OJPl, FI or FII exhibiting various biological activities such as antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity is expected to be developed as new biohealth products.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

A demand of high bearing capacity of piles to resist heavy static loads has been increased. For this reason, the utilization of large diameter PHC piles including a range from 700 mm to 1,200 mm have been increased and applied to the construction sites in Korea recently. In this study, in order to increase the flexural strength capacity of the PHC pile, the large diameter composite PHC pile reinforced by in-filled concrete and reinforcement was developed and manufactured. All the specimens were tested under four-point bending setup and displacement control. From the strain behavior of transverse bar, it was found that the presence of transverse bar was effective against crack propagation and controlling crack width as well as prevented the web shear cracks. The flexural strength and mid-span deflection of LICPT specimens were increased by a maximum of 1.08 times and 1.19 times compared to the LICP specimens. This results indicated that the installed transverse bar is in an advantageous ductility performance of the PHC piles. A conventional layered sectional analysis for the pile specimens was performed to investigate the flexural strength according to the each used material. The calculated bending moment of conventional PHC pile and composite PHC pile, which was determined by P-M interaction curve, showed a safety factor 1.13 and 1.16 compared to the test results.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soy protein hydrolyzate on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity in the rat. Thirty-eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into five groups: casein, isolated soy protein (ISP), seoritae protein hydrolyzate (SH), soluble soy protein hydrolyzate (SS), and insoluble soy protein hydrolyzate (IS). The control diet (casein group) contained 20% casein protein and experimental diet contained 10% casein and 10% isolated soy-protein or soy-protein hydrolyzate. Fecal lipid content was increased and lipid apparent absorption rate was decreased significantly by the ISP group at the first week of experimental period. Blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were decreased by soy protein hydrolyzate groups than casein group. Liver total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were not different among groups, but showed decreasing tendencies in soyprotein hydrolyzate groups. The lipid lowering effect was prominent in the IS group among soy protein hydrolyzate groups. Total antioxidant activity showed increasing tendency in the seoritae hydrolyzate group. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities also showed higher tendencies in the seoritae hydrolyzate group than other groups. In conclusion, insoluble soyprotein hydrolyzate was more effective in lowering body lipids and seoritae hydrolyzate had higher antioxidant capacity among soy protein hydrolyzates.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

In the present study, mec complex typing and SCCmec typing were performed to analyze the molecular genetic characteristics of 20 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from clinical specimens and 4 strains isolated from the ICU environments of secondary medical institutions in a Chungnam province, Korea, from June to July of 2017. Among a total of 20 MRSA strains isolated from clinical specimens, 8 cases (40%) were SCCmec type II, one case (5%) was SCCmec type IVa, and 11 cases (55%) were not-typeable in SCCmec type analysis. Among 4 MRSA isolates from the ICU environment, one strain did not have the mecA gene and 3 strains were typed as SCCmec types II, III, and IVa, respectively. Data from the present study showed that the origin of MRSA isolated from the clinical specimens was different from those from the ICU environment in most cases but the origin was concordant in one case. In this case, MRSA might be transmitted by healthcare workers to the ICU environment. Further study with a large number of cases and other hospital infection-related microorganisms will be needed. This continuous follow-up study might provide useful information on infection control in medical institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2009

To understand the effect of attachment substrate on the growth of benthic microalgae, we experimentally investigated the growth of benthic microalgae Nitzschia sp. (Jinhae Bay strain) with additions of glass beads in different sizes. The glass beads used in this study are 0.09-0.15 mm (G1), 0.25-0.50 mm (G2), 0.75-1.00 mm (G3) and 1.25-1.65 mm (G4). No addition of glass beads used as controls. Highest specific growth rate (0.37/day) and maximum cell density ($9,232{\pm}840$ cells/mL) of Nitzschia sp. showed at the smallest glass beads (G1), and the specific growth rate and maximum cell density were decreasing with increasing size of glass beads (specific growth rate and maximum cell density of G4 was 0.24/day and $6,397{\pm}524$ cells/mL, respectively). Moreover, specific growth rate of the control experiment (0.23/day) was significantly lower than their of G1 to G3 experiment. The results indicated that the attachment substrate for benthic microalgae as Nitzschia sp. is important factor which affecting the growth rate as well as cell density. Therefore, the physiological experiment of benthic microalgae seems to be necessary to preliminary experiment, which is addition or not of the attachment suitable substrate and the grain size for the target species of benthic microalgae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.568-576
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• 2015

The marine microalga Pavlova viridis can grow fast and has the ability to accumulate essential nutrients for culturing marine animals, such as EPA and DHA, and it has been used as food for raring larval fish and prawn. The symbiotic relationship between the flagellate microalga Pavlova viridis and its associated bacteria was investigated. An axenic culture of P. viridis was obtained by repeated treatment of the microalga with an antibiotic cocktail. The axenic status was confirmed after sub-culturing three times in a sterile f/2 medium without an antibiotic. The axenic alga was then co-inoculated with five bacteria, arbitrarily designated as I1–I5, isolated from the alga to test the growth promotion of the algae. All bacterial strains promoted the growth of P. viridis, and bacterial isolate I3 was the most effective among the five bacteria tested. The cell number of P. viridis in the co-culture with I3 was significantly higher than that of the control culture. A sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene isolated from I3 revealed a 97% nucleotide sequence similarity to that of Citrobacter sp. The growth of strain I3 was also significantly enhanced by co-culturing with P. viridis, indicating a symbiotic relationship between the microalga and its associated bacterium. The association between the microalga and bacterium was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1636-1640
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• 2011

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, resulting in the loss of cognitive function. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) has been proposed to be a risk factor for the development of AD, but there is still controversy about that. In this study, we demonstrated the role of ALDH2 enzyme activity on amyloid-beta (A${\beta}$) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in mice brain following ethanol exposure for 8 weeks. Five male Aldh2 (+/+) and Aldh2 (-/-) mice, 8 weeks-old of age (C57BL/6J strain), in each group were exposed to ethanol for 8 weeks (2 g/kg wt./day) using gavage. Those in the control groups received 0.9% saline alone. Results showed a difference in expression level of A${\beta}$ in the hippocampus after ethanol exposure according to the ALDH2 enzyme activity (p<0.05), but not in the level of NF-${\kappa}B$). Our results suggest a possibility that ALDH2 enzyme activity may be an important role in the development of AD.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

For the control of pathogenic microorganisms, Bacillus spp. were isolated from diseased pepper fruits in Korea. Among them, Bacillus sp. IUB158-03 showed high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides and Botrytis cinerea. The strain was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics and Microlog analysis. The highest level of antifungal substances by B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 were obtained when the bacterium was cultured in medium containing 2% soluble starch, 3% yeast extract, 0.5% tryptone, 0.5% $NH_4H_2PO_4$, and 1% NaCl (pH 6.0) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. The antifungal substances were purified by butanol extraction, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified antifungal substance was confirmed $R_f$ 0.27 by TLC. This substance exhibited antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cineria, Alternata alternaria of plant pathogenic fungi and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Cryptococcus neoformans of human pathogenic fungi.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.308-312
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• 2000

The major fatty acids in the Zanthoxylum schinifolium seed oil were eicosenoic acid 30.88%, oleic acid 29.94%, linoleic acid 23.55% and palmitic acid 10.52%. Fatty acid profiles in the each lipid fractions by TLC of the Z. schinifolium seed oil showed the highest composition of eicosenoic acid in triglyceride fraction and oleic acid in other fractions. Mice (ddY male strain) being starved for 24 hr were injected into gastric directly 500 mg of the Z. schinifolium seed oil, and then blood samples were obtained 0, 3 and 6 hr after dosing. In our results, eicosenoic acid appeared to be significantly increased in the serum obtained from 3 and 6 hr after injection of the Z. schinifolium seed oil. In the control mice, however, the serum samples did not exhibited any change of the Z. schinifolium seed oil. Interestingly, eicosenoic acid was significantly increased in the liver of 6 hr mice after injection. In conclusion, eicosenoic acid was the major fatty acid in the Z. schinifolium seed oil, and this fatty acid was significantly increased in the serum obtained 3 and 6 hr after injection in mice.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Korean traditional Mackjang added with sea tangle powder. The content percentage of most of minerals among general composition increased by adding sea tangle powder. By the Ames test, the antimutagenic effect of ethanol extract of Korean traditional Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder was strongest exceeding the control, 10%, and 15% sea tangle additions. The ethanol extract (400$\mu$g/plate) of Mackjang added with 5% sea tang1e powder in the S. typhimurium TA 100 strain showed inhibition rate of 95.0% against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG. The inhibition rate of ethanol extract (400$\mu$g/plate) of Mackjang added with 5% sea tang1e powder in the S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains was 81.4% and 88.8%, respectively, against the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO. Under the same conditions, the suppression against B($\alpha$)P and Trp-P-1 in the TA98 and TA100 strains were 85.3% and 91.0%, and 96.5% and 96.5%, respectively. For the anticancer effects, an investigation was done on the cytotoxicity of Mackjang added with 5% sea tangle powder on the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human gastric carcinoma (KATOIII). The cytotoxicities were inhibited with increasing the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL Mackjang added with 5% sea tang1e powder showed relatively strong cytotoxicity of 61.2%, 61.8% and 66.8% against A549, KATOIII, and HepG2, respectively.