• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2021

PURPOSE: This study compared the cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the cervical muscles of straight neck patients and normal participants during a craniocervical flexion exercise (CCFE) using computerized tomography (CT) to investigate the effects of CCFE on the cervical curve. METHODS: Eighteen subjects were recruited for this study. Nine subjects were allocated to the straight neck group (subjects with pain and a cervical lordosis angle of less than 20°); the remainder formed the control group (subjects with a cervical lordosis angle greater than 20°). The CSA of the subjects' neck flexors (longus colli, longus capitis, and sternocleidomastoid) were measured by CT during rest and CCFE in the supine position, and the range of motion (ROM) of neck flexion was measured using a C-ROM instrument in a sitting. RESULTS: The straight neck group had a significantly smaller CSA of the longus colli, longus capitis, and sternocleidomastoid than the control group (p < .05). Both the straight neck and control groups showed statistically significant increases in the CSA of the neck flexors during CCFE compared to that at rest (p < .05). In addition, the straight neck group showed a significantly smaller ROM of neck flexion than the control group (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide more concrete evidence for therapists by demonstrating that CCFE improves the neck function by strengthening the neck flexors and increasing the neck stability for straight neck patients. Therefore, it is necessary to perform CCFE and neck extension exercises to rehabilitate straight neck patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of morphological Change of cervical spine to apply to neck retraction and extension regarding the straight deformity of cervical spine. Methods: A 40-year male subject with straight deformity of cervical spine participated in this study. The study subject underwent a cervical lateral radiography on the static position, neck retraction and neck extension on standing. Measurement method were using computer-based digital radiogram on a picture achieving computer system forthe centroid method, Cobb's angle and Jackson's angle. Results: Neck retraction was increased kyphosis on the C2-4 with lordosis on the C5-7. Neck extension was increased lordosis on the C2-7. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neck retraction was increased kyphosis and neck extension was increased lordosis based on the straight deformity of cervical spine. Therefore, we should be consider that neck extension exercise when increased lordosis for the patients of straight deformity of cervical spine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2021

This study was conducted not only to find out the effect of straight body exercise on neck pain, necks disability and neck length change of turtle neck syndrome patients but also to provide fundamental data for this field in the future. Number of 60 persons were selected by pre-test and divided to 21 persons in straight body exercise group, 19 persons in exercise group and 20 persons in control group(non-exercise group). 5 kinds of straight body exercise were applied in straight body exercise group, 8 kinds of strengthening cervical vertebral exercise were applied in exercise group and no exercise was applied in control group. Neck pain, necks disability index and neck length were measured before and after exercise and 10 weeks later as well. The data were analyzed by SPSS(v18.0). In straight body exercise group and exercise group, neck length, neck pain and necks disability index were significantly decreased after eight weeks of exercise and there was no significant difference in control group. Neck length which was checked every week in straight body exercise group and exercise group was significantly decreased and there were significant differences after 3 weeks.. After 2 weeks of 8 weeks exercise, neck length, neck pain and necks disability were checked again in post test and those results were maintained just like 8 weeks exercise status. As above results, it was more efficient in the straight body exercise group than exercise group and control group to decrease neck pain, necks disability and neck length of turtle neck syndrome patients. Furthermore, after 2 weeks of 8 weeks exercise, the results were maintained just like 8 weeks exercise status. Therefore, the author consider that straight body exercise will be effective exercise for turtle neck syndrome patients, and this study would provide fundamental data for this field in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.754-770
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• 2000

The definite objects of this study are as follows ; 1. The study presents concrete objects of the shape of adult women's neck and shoulder after comparing and analyzing the features of five age groups ; the former young age, the latter young age, the former middle age, the latter middle age, the latter middle age and the old age. 2. The study presents concrete objects of adult women's neck and shoulder by the body types ; bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type in order to be examined the body types. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. The shape of neck and shoulder needs the several concrete objects of each types because of the variable factors in size and body types. But the concrete objects of the types referred in five age groups contain all the important factors and enable to design the body suitable clothes. 2. This study shows that generally bend-forward type contains rising shoulder and lean-back type contains drooping shoulder, and straight type contains average value of neck and shoulder. The results of this study developed the body-suitable clothes of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The somatotype classification of this study was to manufacture well-fitted clothes for middle-aged women. The somatotype classification of the upper body of lateral view was based on previous studies, and 4 postures, straight posture, leaning back posture, bent forward posture, and swayback posture were selected for this study. The front of leaning back posture was longer and wider than that of straight posture, and its front neck depth was deeper. Its front interscye breadth was wider and back interscye breadth was narrower. S.N.P. B.P. front waistline length, waist front length, front diagonal length, chest shedder length, front waistline shoulder line length were longer, and S.N.P. scapular back waistline length, back length, back shoulder length, back diagonal length, shoulder line back waistline length were shorter. On the contrary, the front of bent forward posture was shorter and narrower than that of straight posture, and its back neck depth was deeper. The properties of swayback posture were similar to those of bent forward posture. Its front was shorter and narrower, but the results of front neck depth and back neck depth were like those of straight posture.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-105
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between cervical spine curvature and thermography on neck pain patients. Methods : The cervical spine curvature was assessed on lateral view of plain radiograph by three measurements(Depth of cervical curve, Method of Jochumsen, Angle of cervical curve), then the neck pain patients were divided into straight curvature group(Straight group), normal curvature group(Control I), and no neck pain group(Control II) was selected by random sampling. I measured temperature of the both side Pungji(風池, G20), Kyonjong(肩井, G21), Chonjong(天宗, SI11) by thermography examination on Experimental group(Straight group) and control group(Control I, II), then analyzed the temperature statically with student's t-test, ANOVA. Results : The temperature of six point on Straigt group was lower than that of Control I, but had no significant difference(p>0.05). The temperature of six point on Straigt group was lower than that of Control II. The descent of temperature on Lt. Pungji(風池, G20), Lt. Kyonjong(肩井, G21), Rt. Chonjong(天宗, SI11) had significance(p<0.05). There is no corelation between onset period and mean temperature of six points. Conclusions : Thermography represnets the presence of neck pain, but has no correlation with straight of cervical curvature.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2004

Objectives : To investigate and compare the curvature of the cervical spine of the patients with whiplash and insidious onset neck pain. Method : Clinical study carried out in 33 insidious onset neck pain outpatients and 34 whiplash onset neck pain inpatients in Conmaul Oriental Hospital. Cervical spine curvature was measured using five measuring Methods. Type of cervical spine curvature was analyzed by Jochumsen method. Ishihara Index. T-test was used to compare the cervical spine angle of the two groups. Results : The prevalence of 'straight' and 'kyphotic' cervical spines was 46.5% in the insidious onset cases and 26.47% in the whiplash onset cases. In Jackson's angle, Jochumsen method, Ishihara Index, and Park's method, angle of the Cervical spine curvature was significantly lower in the insidious onset cases. (P<0.01) Conclusion : The results suggest that the cervical spine of neck pain patients is 'straight' and 'kyphotic' and more significant in insidious onset cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.456-464
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• 2017

Objective : Although little is known about its origins, neck pain may be related to several associated anatomical pathologies. We aimed to characterize the incidence and features of chronic neck pain and analyze the relationship between neck pain severity and its affecting factors. Methods : Between March 2012 and July 2013, we studied 216 patients with chronic neck pain. Initially, combined tramadol (37.5 mg) plus acetaminophen (325 mg) was administered orally twice daily (b.i.d.) to all patients over a 2-week period. After two weeks, patients were evaluated for neck pain during an outpatient clinic visit. If the numeric rating scale of the patient had not decreased to 5 or lower, a cervical medial branch block (MBB) was recommended after double-dosed previous medication trial. We classified all patients into two groups (mild vs. severe neck pain group), based on medication efficacy. Logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the factors associated with neck pain severity. Results : A total of 198 patients were included in the analyses, due to follow-up loss in 18 patients. While medication was successful in reducing pain in 68.2% patients with chronic neck pain, the remaining patients required cervical MBB. Lateral cervical curvature, such as a straight or sigmoid type curve, was found to be significantly associated with the severity of neck pain. Conclusion : We managed chronic neck pain with a simple pharmacological management protocol followed by MBB. We should keep in mind that it may be difficult to manage the patient with straight or sigmoid lateral curvature only with oral medication.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.766-776
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• 2017

This clinical study was conducted to evaluate the clinical effects of a concave neck of external connection type implant fixture designed for platform switching on the peri-implant tissue responses. Two types of implants with different neck designs were implanted in 20 patients. For the experimental group, the bioseal(BS) implant fixtures with 's' shaped concave profile on the neck were used, and non-bioseal(NBS) implant fixtures with a straight profile on the neck were used as control(Total of 40 implants, NBS: n = 19, BS: n=21). During the one-year period after implant placement, implant survival rate, marginal bone resorption, bleeding, plaque, and complications were evaluated. The survival rate of NBS and BS group was 94.74% and 90.48%, respectively. There was no significant difference on marginal bone resorption, bleeding and plaque between the two groups (P>.05). Within the limits of the present study, implants with a concave neck design showed similar clinical results to implants with a straight neck design on the peri-implant tissue responses. Longitudinal clinical studies are necessary to confirm more effective clinical results.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.770-782
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• 2001

The definite objects of this study are as follows; 1. The study presents the methods of the designing collar pattern and bodice pattern by each concrete object after comparing and analyzing the factors among the features which are in need of clothes designing. 2. The object of this study is to make body-suitable ready-made clothes by comparing and analyzing the methods of designing collar pattern and bodices pattern presented by each concrete objects and Bunka Pattern. The results of this study are as follows; 1 . The results of this study developed the body-suitable bodice pattern of bend-forward type, straight type and lean-back type Compared with the Bunka pattern by physical function test, this study was rated high in the aspects of the shape of neck and shoulder. 2. The collar pattern was designed according to each type. The front center rising point of straight type is 2.5cm, lean-back type is 3.0cm and bend-forward type is 1.5cm. Compared with the Bunka pattern by physical function test, this study is rated high in the aspects of the shape. To confirm the increase and change of the measure definitely, the complete examination of each subject is necessary. This developed and investigated pattern must be supplemented more by comparing and analyzing with other pattern and body types.