• Title/Summary/Keyword: Storm Water Management

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Development of an outline project cost calculation module for disaster prevention facilities in the living area due to winds and floods (풍수해 생활권 방재시설에 대한 개략 사업비 산정 모듈 개발)

  • Kim, Sol;Lee, Dong Seop;Lee, Jong Jin
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2023
  • Due to natural disasters such as heavy rain that occurred in the metropolitan area in August 2022, human casualties and property damage are increasing. Accordingly, the government is making efforts to respond to natural disasters, but due to the absence of related standards and standardized standards, problems such as increased construction costs and deterioration in construction quality for disaster prevention facility maintenance projects are occurring. Accordingly, a rough construction cost estimation module was developed and applied to 25 new pumping stations in Korea. As a result of the analysis, the accuracy of the rough construction cost derived through the module recorded 70% of the detailed design cost, which is 4% higher than the previously used rough construction cost accuracy of 66% by the Ministry of Environment. Accordingly, it is expected that the efficiency of the disaster prevention project can be increased if the developed module is used to calculate the rough construction cost for storm and flood disaster prevention in the future.

A Study on the Spatio-temporal Water Cycle Characteristics of the Gwan-ak Basin (관악산 유역의 시공간적 물순환 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Hyeonju;Kim, Yeonju;Kim, Gi Joo;Kim, Young-Oh
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.195-195
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    • 2022
  • 도림천의 최상류인 관악산 유역에 서울대학교 관악캠퍼스가 건설되었다. 이로 인해 물순환은 기존의 자연 상태에서 점점 변해 왔는데, 이는 하류 도림천의 홍수 및 수질 오염의 피해를 증가시켰다. 도시화된 서울대학교 관악캠퍼스의 물순환 회복은 하류 홍수피해 방지와 지속 가능한 친환경 캠퍼스를 위해 중요하나, 이에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SWMM(Storm Wastewater Management Model)을 활용하여 캠퍼스 내 물순환 현황을 시간과 공간에 대해 정량적으로 파악하고, 물순환 회복을 위해 지속 가능한 효율적인 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. 먼저 유역 현황 조사와 함께 SWMM 구축에 필요한 수문·기상학적 변수와 물리적 매개변수를 확립하였다. 수문·기상학적 변수로는 기상관측장비 ATMOS-41의 설치와 기상청 자료로부터 수집하였으며, 물리적 매개변수는 환경부의 자료를 활용하였다. 그 후, 서울대-도림천 배수분구에 대해 SWMM을 적용하여 월별로 유출량, 침투량, 그리고 증발산량을 모의하였다. 시간에 따른 물순환 분석의 경우 강수량 자료와 불투수율의 변화 정도에 따라 월별 물수지 비율을 파악하고, 공간에 따른 물순환 분석의 경우 동일한 기간에 대해 분할한 16개의 소유역 별 유출량과 유역의 평균 유출량을 비교하여 분석하였다. 대상 유역의 월별 물수지 비율을 모의하는데 효율성을 높이고자 배수 구역 및 관망을 세밀하게 나눈 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 시간에 따른 연평균 물수지 비율의 차이는 2020년 모의 결과와 최근 5년 평균(2015~2019년) 모의 결과 비교 시 각 물수지 항목별로 0.47~2.34%의 차이를 보였다. 공간적으로는 16개 소유역 중 저류시설을 포함한 9개 소유역의 표면 유출량이 유역의 평균 유출량보다 많게 모의 되었다. 또한, 유역을 구성할 때보다 관망을 구성할 때 높은 정확성이 요구됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 ATMOS-41을 통한 지속적인 수문·기상학적 요소의 모니터링과 SWMM 모델 구축을 통해 앞으로도 변경사항을 추가함으로써 친환경 캠퍼스로의 전환에 이바지할 것으로 기대한다.

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A Study on the Use of Geospatial Information-Based Simulation for Preemptive Response to Water Disasters in Agricultural Land (농경지 수재해 선제적 대응을 위한 공간정보기반 시뮬레이션 활용 연구)

  • Jung, Jae Ho;Kim, Seung Hyun;Kim, Dae Jin;Yang, Seung Weon
    • Smart Media Journal
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    • v.11 no.7
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    • pp.52-60
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    • 2022
  • Due to global warming and changes in the natural environment, flood damage to agricultural land due to wind and flood damage continues. Although disaster prevention projects have been continuously carried out since the founding of the country, progress has been insufficient compared to the sustained period, and huge costs are still being consumed. Therefore, it is necessary to use predictive simulation for pre-emptive response to inundation of farmland. In this paper, a case of immersion analysis simulation using a GIS(Geospatial Information System) based SWMM model was introduced, and the validity was confirmed through the error rate between our simulation result and the results of other models in the US and Korea. In addition, in the direction of using the simulation for agricultural land inundation, we presented various utilization methods to supplement the current agricultural land inundation-based information policy, such as the creation of flood traces. If simulation results from more regions are accumulated in the form of the flood analysis maps in the future, it is expected that they will be able to be utilized in various applications for preemptive response to and prevention of water disasters at the national level.

Applicability evaluation of GIS-based erosion models for post-fire small watershed in the wildland-urban interface (WUI 산불 소유역에 대한 GIS 기반 침식모형의 적용성 평가)

  • Shin, Seung Sook;Ahn, Seunghyo;Song, Jinuk;Chae, Guk Seok;Park, Sang Deog
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.57 no.6
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    • pp.421-435
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    • 2024
  • In April 2023, a wildfire broke out in Gangneung located in the east coast region due to the influence of the Yanggang-local wind. In this study, GIS-based RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) and SEMMA (Soil Erosion Model for Mountain Areas) were used to evaluate the erosion rate due to vegetation recovery in a small watershed of the Gangneung WUI(Wildland-Urban Interface) fire. The small watershed of WUI fire has a low altitude range of 10-30 m and the average slope of 10.0±7.4° which corresponds to a gentle slope. The soil texture was loamy sand with a high organic content and the deep soil depth. As herbaceous layer regenerated profusely in the gully after the wildfire, the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) reached a maximum of 0.55. Simulation results of erosion rates showed that RUSLE ranged from 0.07-94.9 t/ha/storm and SEMMA ranged from 0.24-83.6 t/ha/storm. RUSLE overestimated the average erosion rate by 1.19-1.48 times compared to SEMMA. The erosion rates were estimated to be high in the middle slope where burned pine trees were widely distributed and the slope was steep and to be relatively low in the hollow below the gully where herbaceous layer recovers rapidly. SEMMA showed a rapid increase in erosion sensitivity under at certain vegetation covers with NDVI below 0.25 (Ic = 0.35) on post-fire hillslopes. Gentle slopes with high organic content and rapid recovery of natural vegetation had relatively low erosion rate compared to steep slopes. As subsequent infrastructure and human damages due to sediment disaster by heavy rain is anticipated in WUI fire areas, the research results may be used as basic data for targeted management and decision making on the implementation of emergency treatment after the wildfire.

Evaluation of Sediment Yield Prediction and Estimation of Sediment Yield under Various Slope Scenarios at Jawoon-ri using WEPP Watershed Model (WEPP Watershed Version을 이용한 홍천군 자운리 농경지 토양유실 예측 및 경사도에 따른 토양유실량 평가)

  • Choi, Jaewan;Hyun, Geunwoo;Lee, Jae Woon;Shin, Dong Suk;Kim, Ki-Sung;Park, Younshik;Kim, Jonggun;Lim, Kyoung Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.441-451
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    • 2009
  • To evaluate the soil erosion best management practices, many computer models has been utilized over the years. Among those, the USLE and SWAT models have been widely used. These models estimate the soil erosion from the field using empirically-based USLE/MULSE in it. However, these models are not good enough to estimate soil erosion from highland agricultural watershed where severe storm events are causing soil erosion and muddy water issues at the receiving watersheds. Thus, physically-based WEPP watershed version was applied to a watershed, located at Jawoon-ri, Gangwon with very detailed rainfall data, rather than daily rainfall data. Then it was validated with measured sediment data collected at the sediment settling ponds and through overland flow. In this study, very detailed rainfall data, crop management data, soil data reflecting soil reconditioned for higher crop production were used in the WEPP runs. The $R^2$ and the EI for runoff comparisons were 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. For sediment comparisons, the $R^2$ and the EI values were 0.95 and 0.91. Since the WEPP provides higher accuracies in predicting runoff and sediment yield from the study watershed, various slope scenarios (2%, 3%, 5.5%, 8%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 28%, 30%) were made and simulated sediment yield values were analyzed to develop appropriate soil erosion management practices. It was found that soil erosion increase linearly with increase in slope of the field in the watershed. However, the soil erosion increases dramatically with the slope of 20% or greater. Therefore special care should be taken for the agricultural field with slope greater than 20%. As shown in this study, the WEPP watershed version is suitable model to predict soil erosion where torrential rainfall events are causing significant amount of soil loss from the field and it can also be used to develop site-specific best management practices.

Pollutant Loading Estimates from Watershed by Rating Curve Method and SWMM

  • Jeon, Ji-Hong;Yoon, Chun-Gyeong
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.419-425
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    • 2000
  • Rating curve method and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) were applied to estimate pollutant loading from Hwa-Ong watershed in Kyunggi-Do. Rating curves were derived from sampling sites and applied to the whole watershed. SWMM version 4.4 was calibrated by field data of sampling sites and applied to the whole watershed. The pollutant loading estimated by rating curve was slightly higher than the one by SWMM, but the difference was not significant considering diffuse pollution characteristics of wide variation. Land use effect of the subcatchments could not be incorporated logically in rating curve method and difficulty in extrapolation was experienced, therefore, the estimate by rating curve method was thought to be less confident. SWMM was satisfactory in estimation of pollution loading, and its great flexibility worked well to describe complex nonurban land uses. Neither of them could exactly describe complex natural phenomena, but SWMM was preferred in this study due to its flexibility and logical hydrologic processes including land use effects. Use of reasonable watershed model rather than rating curve method for watershed pollutant loading estimate can be more practical and is recommended.

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Characteristic Analysis of the Coefficient of Initial Abstraction and Development of its Formular in the Rural Watersheds - for the Small-Medium Watersheds in the Geum and Sapkyo River - (농촌유역에서의 초기강우손실 특성분석과 계수 산정식 개발 - 금강.삽교천 중소유역을 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Tai-Cheol;Lee, Jeong-Seon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2008
  • It is important to estimate accurate effective rainfall to analyse flood flow and long-term runoff for the rational planning, design, and management of water resource. The initial abstraction is also important to estimate effective rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) has developed a procedure and it has been most commonly applied to estimate effective rainfall. But the SCS method still has weak points, because of unnatural assumptions such as antecedent moisture conditions and initial abstraction. The coefficient of initial abstraction(K) is depending on the soil moisture condition and antecedent rainfall. The maximum storage capacity of Umax which is calibrated by stream flow data in the proposed watershed was derived from the DAWAST(DAily WAtershed STreamflow) model. The values of K obtained from 69 storm events at the five watersheds are ranging from 0.133 to 0.365 and its mean value is 0.207. Effective rainfall could be estimated more reasonably by introducing new concept of initial abstraction. The equation of $K=0.076Sa^{0.255}$ was recommended instead of 0.2 and it could be applicable to the small-medium rural watersheds.

Assessment of Feasibility of Rainfall-Runoff Simulation Using SRTM-DEM Based on SWMM (SWMM 기반 SRTM-DEM을 활용한 강우-유출 모의 가능성 평가)

  • Mirae Kim;Junsuk Kang
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.443-452
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    • 2024
  • The recent increase in impermeable surfaces due to urbanization and the occurrence of concentrated heavy rainfall events caused by climate change have led to an increase in urban flooding. To predict and prepare for flood damage, a convenient and highly accurate simulation of rainfall-runoff based on geospatial information is essential. In this study, the storm water management model (SWMM) was applied to simulate rainfall runoff in the Bangbae-dong area of Seoul, using two sets of topographical data: The conventional topographic digital elevation model (TOPO-DEM) and the proposed shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM)-DEM. To evaluate the applicability of the SRTM-DEM for rainfall-runoff modeling, two DEMs were constructed for the study area, and rainfall-runoff simulations were performed. The construction of the terrain data for the study area generally reflected the topographical characteristics of the area. Quantitative evaluation of the rainfall-runoff simulation results indicated that the outcomes were similar to those obtained using the existing TOPO-DEM. Based on the results of this study, we propose the use of SRTM-DEM, a more convenient terrain data, in rainfall-runoff studies, rather than asserting the superiority of a specific geospatial data.

Analyzing the effect of LID(Low Impact Development) using the CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool) (CAT을 이용한 LID(Low Impact Development) 효과 분석)

  • Jang, Cheol-Hee;Kim, Hyeon-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.278-278
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    • 2012
  • 최근 녹색도시를 지향하면서 도시 내에서의 물의 순환에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 도시계획 단계에서부터 물의 순환을 고려하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 국토해양부, 환경부, 소방방재청 및 지방자치단체들은 법령, 기준, 지침 및 조례 등을 제정하여 물순환을 도시개발 이전의 상태가 될 수 있도록 시설 설치를 유도하고 있다. 그러나, 개별시설들의 조합이 유역규모의 물순환에 미치는 영향 평가는 이루어지고 있지 못한 실정이다. 종래에는 홍수저감을 목적으로 홍수저류지와 침투시설에 대하여 설계하고 시공을 하였으나 장기적인 관점에서 LID 시설의 효과를 평가하여 도시 계획 단계에서 반영하지는 못하였다. 그리고 이들 개별 LID 시설(침투, 저류 등)에 대한 단위 시설의 규모 설계에 그치고 있어 개선 시설이 다중으로 조합되어 분산 계획되었을 경우, 유역 규모에서 물순환의 긍정적인 변화를 판단하기는 어려운 형편이다. 도시지역에서의 LID(Low Impact Development) 효과 분석과 연계된 유역 물순환 해석을 위하여 독일, 호주 및 미국에서는 STORM, Urban Developer, SUSTAIN(System for Urban Stromwater Treatment, and Analysis INtegratration) 및 SWMM LID(Storm Wastewater Management Model LID) 등의 모형을 출시하고 실무에 적용하고 있다. 그러나, 해외에서 개발된 기술은 국내의 유역 환경을 충분히 반영하기 어렵다. 저수지 혹은 하천에서의 취수 등과 같이 국내의 복잡한 물순환 형태를 반영하는데 한계가 있으며, 기존의 물순환 해석모형에 의한 LID 시설을 계획하는 방법은 홍수저감에 국한되어 있고, 하천 유량이나 지하수위 측정 자료가 부족한 대상지역에 대한 장기적인 유역 물순환 및 도시 개발과 같은 토지이용 변화가 물순환에 미치는 영향을 해석하는데 있어 제한이 있고, 개별적으로 설치된 LID 시설들이 유역의 물순환을 개선하는 효과를 종합적, 정량적으로 구현하는데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시 개발 지역의 장기간에 걸친 물순환의 변화를 예측하고 물순환을 개선시키는 대안 시설의 효과를 사전에 평가하는 것을 목표로 김현준 등(한국건설기술연구원, 2011)이 개발한 유역 물순환 해석 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 이용하였다. 특히, CAT은 사용자의 목적에 맞는 다양한 물순환 개선시설(침투시설, 저류지, 습지, 빗물저장 시설, 리사이클 및 외부급수 등)의 구현 및 모의가 가능하도록 개발되었다. 대상유역으로는 경기도 Y지구를 선정하였으며 도시개발 시나리오(전원도시 및 산업도시 등)에 따른 LID 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 대상지역에 대한 도시유형별 개발계획에 따른 개발 전 후 물순환 변화량 분석 및 LID 시설 계획에 의한 물순환 개선효과를 살펴보면 1998년부터 2007년까지의 평균 강우량을 1,271mm라고 할 때 산업도시의 경우 도시 개발 전의 증발산, 직접유출 및 기저유출은 각각 53%, 29%, 19%로 나타났으며 도시 개발 후 35%, 54%, 12%로 직접유출이 개발 전에 비해 86%나 증가하여 개발에 따른 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 이러한 개발에 따른 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 LID 시설을 계획하여 효과를 분석한 결과 증발산, 직접유출, 기저유출이 44%, 34%, 13%로 나타나 도시 개발 후의 왜곡된 물순환 체계가 개발전의 수준과 근접하게 나타나 LID 시설의 긍정적인 효과를 검토할 수 있었다. 이상에서와 같이 CAT 모형을 사용하여 도시유역의 물순환 체계를 진단하고, LID 시설의 효과를 평가할 수 있게 됨으로써 향후 도시유역에 대한 물순환 정상화를 실현하기 위한 정책 수립에 기초자료를 제공하고, 설계 실무에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Nutrient Balance in the Paddy Fields Watershed with a Source of River Water (하천관개지역 광역논에서의 영양물질의 물질수지)

  • Lee, Jeong Beom;Lee, Jae Yong;Li, Si Hong;Jang, Jeong Ryeol;Jang, Ik Geun;Kim, Jin Soo
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2014
  • The objective of this research was to investigate concentration and load of nutrients such as total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) total phosphorous (TP), and phosphate phosphorous ($PO_4$-P) in a 23.4-ha paddy fields watershed with river water source. Water samples for irrigation water, drainage water, ponded water and groundwater were collected, and irrigation and drainage water were measured at 5~10 day intervals during normal days and at 2~6 hours intervals during three storm events. The amount of irrigation water in the study area was over 2,000 mm, which is almost identical to that in the area irrigated from a large reservoir but much more than that in the area irrigated from a pumping station. Mean flow-weighted concentrations of TN and TP in irrigation water were 2.8 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively, higher than those in the area irrigated from a large reservoir or a pumping station. The ratios of irrigation load to total inflow load for TN and TP were 88 %, and the ratios of surface outflow load to total outflow load for TN and TP were over 90 %, indicating that total nutrient load may be greatly affected by water management. The nutrient loads per area in the study area were estimated as TN 21.1 kg/ha and TP 1.1 kg/ha. Especially, the TP load per area in the study area was smaller than that in the area irrigated from a large reservoir or a pumping station. This may be because outflow load is not high likely due to sedimentation of particulate P and irrigation water load is high due to high TP concentration in irrigation water and high amount of irrigation water.