• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.5
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• pp.627-644
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• 2022

In past major earthquakes (1994 Northridge, 1995 Kobe, Chi-Chi 1999, Kocaeli 1999), significant damages occurred in the liquid storage tanks. The basic failure patterns were observed to be the buckling of the tank wall and uplift of the anchorage system. The damages in the industrial facilities and nuclear power plants have caused the spread of toxic substances to the environment and significant fires. Seismic isolation can be used in liquid storage tanks to decouple the structure and decrease the structural demand in the superstructure in case of ground shaking. Previous studies on the use of seismic isolation systems on liquid storage tanks show that an isolation system reduces the impulsive response but might slightly increase the convective one. There is still a lack of understanding of the seismic response of seismically isolated liquid storage tanks considering the fluid-structure interaction. In this study, one broad tank, one medium tank, and one slender tank are selected and designed. Two- and three-dimensional elastomeric bearings are used as seismic isolation systems. The seismic performance of the tanks is then investigated through nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses. The effectiveness of each seismic isolation system on tanks' performance was investigated. Isolator tension forces, modal analysis results, hydrodynamic stresses, strains, sloshing heights and base shear forces of the tanks are compared. The results show that the total base shear is lower in 3D-isolators compared to 2D-isolators. Even though the tank wall stresses, and strains are slightly higher in 3D-isolators, they are more efficient to prevent the tension problem.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-235
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• 2014

The demand of natural gas is gradually increasing as a clean fuel in the world. Therefore, LNG storage tanks and related facilities of the importance of leading a community-based facility have emerged. The seismic design of LNG storage tank including seismic analysis have been developed steadily. But, the seismic analysis and design techniques for LNG storage tanks are lacking, in Korea. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an analysis model that LNG storage tanks in isolation system can describe the behavior. Further, LNG storage tank capable of ensuring safety and economy, it is necessary to develop design techniques. The studies have suggested seismic design procedures of LNG storage tanks with isolation system including triple-FPB and idealized complex hysteresis model of triple-FPB.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2147-2155
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• 2022

Nuclear safety-related underground liquid storage tanks, such as those used to store fuel for emergency diesel generators, are critical components for safety of hundreds of existing nuclear power plants (NPP) worldwide. Since most of those NPP will continue to operate for decades, a beyond design base (BDB) seismic screening of safety-related underground tanks in those NPP is beneficial and essential to public safety. The analytical methodology for buried tank subjected to seismic effect, including a BDB seismic evaluation, needs to consider both soil-structure and fluid-structure interaction effects. Comprehensive analysis of such a soil-structure-fluid system is costly and time consuming, often subjected to availability of state-of-art finite element tools. Simple, but practically and reasonably accurate techniques for seismic evaluation of underground liquid storage tanks have not been established. In this study, a mechanics based solution is proposed for the evaluation of a cylindrical underground liquid storage tank using hand calculation methods. For validation, a practical example of two underground diesel fuel tanks in an existing nuclear power plant is presented and application of the proposed method is confirmed by using published results of the computer-aided System for Analysis of Soil Structural Interaction (SASSI). The proposed approach provides an easy to use tool for BDB seismic assessment prior to making decision of applying more costly technique by owner of the nuclear facility.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.363-366
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• 1999

This paper describes the behavior of prestressed concrete storage tanks under cryogenic temperatures by thermal stress analysis. In concrete tanks to store up LNG, a thermal shock can occur over a global area resulting from the sudden filling of the outer tank with cryogenic storage contents. Analysis results show that internal surface of concrete tank is cooled down rapidly. Tank is subjected mostly to thermal constraint moment due to temperature gradient across its section. Constraint moment may cause tensile stresses beyond tensile strength in the wall. Problems related with concrete cracking due to temperature gradient have been considered.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.754-761
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• 2013

Urban floods are usually caused by the lack of drainage capacity. Hence, sewer capacity expansion methodology by replacing small pipes with bigger ones is primarily applied as a flood control measure. However, this approach is often unreasonable because of the costs and time involved. Thus, the installation of underground rainwater storage tanks with the two advantages of flood control and water conservation is proposed. This study compared the effectiveness of flood control by both the sewer expansion methodology and rainwater storage tanks using the Storm Water Management Model. Three cases were simulated in this study. The first case analyzed flood reduction by the storm sewer expansion methodology. The simulation results indicate that the overflow volume from manholes was reduced by 49% with this methodology. The second case analyzed flood reduction by installation of rainwater storage tanks. The simulation results indicate that the overflow volume was reduced by 62%. However, these two cases could not prevent urban floods completely. Hence, the third case analyzed the joint application of the storm sewer expansion methodology and rainwater storage tanks. In this simulation, flooding did not occur. Consequently, the results of this study clearly show that underground rainwater storage tanks are more effective for flood control than capacity expansion of storm sewer. Furthermore, the joint application of these two flood control measures is more effective than their separate application.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3_4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2002

Accidental gaseous losses from industrial processes can pose considerable health and environmental risks but assessing their health, safety and environmental impact is problematic. Improved understanding and simulation of the dispersion of emissions in the vicinity of storage tanks is required. The present study aims to assess the capability of the turbulence closures and meshing alternatives in a commercially available CFD code for predicting dispersion in the vicinity of cubes and circular cylindrical storage tanks. The performance of the $k-{\varepsilon}$ and Reynolds Stress turbulence models and meshing alternatives for these cases are compared to experimental data. The CFD simulations are very good qualitatively and, in many cases, quantitatively. A mesh with prismatic elements is more accurate than a tetrahedral mesh. Overall the Reynolds stress model performs slightly better than the $k-{\varepsilon}$ model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.533-543
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• 2000

To prevent major cracking and failure during earthquakes, it is important to design reinforced concrete liquid storage structures, such as water and fuel storage tanks, properly for the hydrodynamic pressure loads caused by seismic excitations. There is a discussion in recent Codes that most of the base shear applied to liquid containment structures is resisted by inplane membrane shear rather than by transverse flexural shear. The purpose of this paper is to underline the importance of the membrane force system in carrying the base shear produced by hydrodynamic pressures in both rectangular and cylindrical tank structures. Only rigid tanks constrained at the base are considered. Analysis is performed for both tall and broad tanks to compare their behavior under seismic excitation. Efforts are made to quantify the percentage of base shear carried by membrane action and the consequent procedures that must be followed for safe design of liquid containing storage structures.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.315-318
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• 2009

Hydrogen is the ideal candidate as an alternative energy carrier, so many hydrogen storage methods are investigated. The hydrogen storage method using metal hydride is good candidate as energy sources for portable devices because hydrogen-storage as metal hydride shows large volumetric storage density. In this study, we investigated the variations of hydrogen charging/discharging performance of metal hydride tanks at different temperature conditions. We charged metal hydride tanks with hydrogen in low temperature because of the exothermic reactions of hydrogen absorption while we discharged in high temperature to provide sufficient heat because of the endothermic reactions of desorption. In addition, we investigated the difference of hydrogen charging/discharging performance between two tanks having different sizes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.1 s.30
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• pp.7-12
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• 2006

The quantity of gas which can be supplied by LPG storage tank become a standard of selection. In the absence of the maximum evaporation rates from LPG storage tanks by tank capacity, continuation using time, air temperature, it is in a problem for the dissemination of LPG Storage tanks. In this paper, we showed the maximum evaporation rates from LPG storage tanks by tank capacity, air temperature, continuous using time and remaining level.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.335-355
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• 2022

It's important to note that the number of studies on the lateral vibration of steel liquid storage tanks has been quite modest in the past. The aim of this research has to look at the variables that affect vibration of storage tanks and to highlight the characteristics of a construction that hasn't received much attention in the literature. The storage tank has pre-sized in the study, and aluminum and steel have chosen as components. The specified material qualities and the factors utilized in the investigation has used to calculate vibration frequency values. The resulting calculations are backed up by tables and graphs, and it's an important to look into the parameters that affect the vibration frequencies that will occur on the designed storage tank vary. In the literature, water tanks are usually modelled as lumped masses. The horizontal stiffness of the column on which it is placed is assumed to be constant throughout. This is an approximation method of solving this problem. The column is handled in this study with a more realistic approach that fits the continuum mechanics in the analysis. The reservoir part is incorporated directly into the problem as the boundary condition.