• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1142-1145
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• 1996

Long term-storage of citrus oranges after harvest has been hindered mainly by molds The goal of this research was to collect and identify those molds, which would help find a way to extend shelf-life after harvest. During the period of 1994 to 1995, fourteen different strains were isolated and purified from putrefied fruit (Citrus unshiu var.) that was stored at room temperature under open air. The storage disease was caused by the following molds: Penicillium italicum, 25.8%, Monilia candida, 19.8%; Alternaria citri, 18.1%; Mucor hiemalis, 11.0%; Phomopsis citri, 6.6%; Botrytis cinerea. 5.5%; Phoma citricarpa, 3.8%; Glomerella cingulata, 3.8%; P. digitatum, 1.1%; other molds, 4.5%; Most of the strains showed pectinolytic activity and putrefaction. These citrus fruit-putrefying molds will be used as target strains for the control of microorganisms during post-harvest storage.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2003

To study the interaction between rice weevil and storage molds, the preference of rice weevil to the four mold species (Aspergilus candidus, A. niger, A. flavus and Penicillium spp.) and the resulting reproduction of the rice weevil were observed. The rice weevil preferred rice grains contaminated with the molds to autoclaved ones regardless of the mold species tested. Among the four mold species, A. candidus and Penicillium sp. were highly preferred than the others. Reproduction of the rice weevil was higher on the grains contalminated with A. candidus and Penicillium sp., than on autoclaved ones, but was lower on the grains contaminated with A. flavus. The partial disagreement between preference and reproduction of the rice weevil might be a suggestion that both the weevil behavior adapting nutritional requirements and the process of the long intensive coadaptation of the rice weevil and storage molds requiring similar moisture niche are the major components of the population interaction between the weevil and molds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1999

Microbiological quality of commercial white ginseng was examined, together with investigation on its water absorption pattern and radiosensitivity of molds isolated from the samples. Comparative effects of phosphine fumigation and gamma irradiation on microbial control and disinfestation of the samples packed in a commercial laminated film and stored for six months at ambient(20oC, 70% RH) and accelerated(40oC, 90% RH) conditions were studied. Commercial white ginseng was contaminated with coliforms by 103~104CFU/g and molds by 102~104CFU/g and thus decontamination process was required for hygienic quality and storage stability. Phosphine fumigation showed no sterilizing effects on microbes contaminated, while gamma irradiation at around 5kGy was effective for decontaminating microorganisms, showing D10 values of 0.48~0.60kGy for isolated molds. Even though the storage insects, Plodia interpuctella Hubner and Lasioderma serricorne(cigarette beetle) were easily destroyed by phosphine fumigation, gamma irradiation less than 5kGy was found effective for both purposes to improve biological quality of stored white ginseng, thereby extending the storage life of packed samples resulting from increased critical moisture content by about 1%(Aw 0.76).

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2007

Effects of aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) treatment on the microbial growth and the quality of iceberg lettuce during storage were examined. Lettuce samples were treated with 0, 5, 10, and 50 ppm of $ClO_2$ solution and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment significantly decreased the populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds, and coliforms on the shredded lettuce. Fifty ppm $ClO_2$ treatment reduced the initial populations of total aerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds, and coliforms by 1.77, 1.34, 1.10 log CFU/g, respectively. Aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment caused negligible changes in the Hunter color L, a, and b values during storage. Sensory evaluations exhibited that there were no significant changes among treatments. These results indicate that the aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment can be useful in improving the microbial safety of the iceberg lettuce during storage and extending the shelf life.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.636-640
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• 2009

The effect of post-cut vanillin treatment at high concentrations on changes of quality and microorganism in fresh-cut apples was studied. Apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) were sliced, treated by dipping in different vanillin solution, 0, 40, 80, and 120 mM, packed in polyethylene bag, and then stored for up to 3 weeks at $4^{\circ}C$. Changes in total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, browning, soluble solids, and titratable acidity during storage were investigated. Growth of total aerobic bacteria throughout storage was strongly inhibited by vanillin regardless of treatment concentrations. Growth of yeast and molds was inhibited by vanillin of all concentrations until 2 weeks of storage. Levels of browning index, soluble solids, and titratable acidity were not significant difference among the treatment conditions until 2 weeks of storage. However, when stored for 3 weeks, browning index increased more at 80 or 120 mM vanillin, while soluble solids and titratable acidity more be decreased by 120 mM vanillin as compared with other treatment conditions. These results show that the usage of vanillin in processing of fresh-cut apples had a limitation for maintaining quality.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Recently, research and commercialization related to the field of cell-based therapeutic drug development has been actively conducted. In order to maintain cell viability and prevent contamination, refrigeration preservation devices, such as CRF (controlled rate freezer) or vapor type LN2 tanks have been developed. On the other hand, the storage container for liquid nitrogen tanks currently on sale minimizes the flow structure to prevent structural defects when stored in a liquid nitrogen tank having a high thermal conductivity than vapor nitrogen. If the cell-based treatment drug is stored in the gaseous LN2 tank as it is, the cell survival after thawing is greatly reduced. It was estimated that the existing storage container structure was a factor that prevented the rapid entry and circulation of gaseous nitrogen into the container. Therefore, this study intends to propose a new supercellular storage container model that can maintain the mechanical strength while maximizing the fluid flow structure. To this end, we estimated that the structural change of the storage container effects on the equivalent stress formed around the through-holes of them when exposed to a cryogenic environment using thermal-structural coupled field analysis. As a result of storage experiments in the gas phase tank of the cell-based therapeutic agent using the developed storage container, it was confirmed that the cell growth rate was improved from 66% to 77%, which satisfied the transportation standards of the FDA(Food and Drug Administration) cell-based therapeutic agent.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.2 s.19
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• pp.71-75
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• 1974

A study was conducted to investigate the relationships between the rice weevil and associated storage molds. The results are as follows; 1. All of the developmental stages of the rice weevils are carrying some storage molds in their bodies, and the order of magnitute in the number was the adult, larva and pupa. 2. The molds persist in the body of the rice weevil for 10 days who.1 they were fed on the mold free wheat, and the most persistant mold species was A. candidus. 3. When the mold free weevils were reared on the pure culture of the molds on the wheat, the number of eggs laid by the Lveevil were the greatest for A. candidus. following A. ruber, and the . least number Lvere obtained with A. niger 4. The rice weevil could complete in the pure mold culture on the wheat except for A. niger where the larvae had developed by 2nd or 3rd instars. 3. The shortest developmental periods was obtained with A. candidus and the first adult emerged in 4th week. 6. The unfavorable effects of A. niger on the development of the rice weevil might be associated with the fast growth of the mold together with some unknown effects. 7. There seems to be a protocooperative interaction between these two oraganisms having been developed through the long evolutionary course in common habitat.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1995

Microbiological and organoleptic qualities of boiled anchovies were evaluated during storage for 8 months at different temperatures and packaging methods. Microbial populations of marketing samples were 106~107 CFU/g in aerobic bacteria, 103~106 CFU/g in yeasts/molds and 103~105 CFU/g in coliforms, respectively, which were the highest in retail sample, followed by in military goods and wholesale sample. Moreover, anchovies supplied for retail sale and military goods were contaminated with sanitary indicative microbes. The samples stored at ambient condition(15~33$^{\circ}C$, RH 5$0^{\circ}C$95%) lost their marketable quaity mainly due to microbial propagation prior to 6 months, irrespective of packaging methods, corrugated-cardboard box and laminated-film(nylon 15${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/PE 100${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). However, cooling(5~1$0^{\circ}C$) as well as well as freezing temperatures($\leq$-18$^{\circ}C$) following laminated-film packaging were effective for keeping the organoleptic qualities of stored anchovies up to 8 months. The population of yeasts and molds was shown the quality-indicative criteria for stored anchovies and their critical levels were 5.00 log counts/g, showing a higher negative-correlationship(r=-0.901) with changes in organoleptic quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2022

Packages of different atmospheres (air (control), 100% CO₂, vacuum, and vacuum + O₂ absorber) were prepared for 0.4 kg rice cake (ddukgukdduk) using gas-barrier plastic film and stored at 10℃ for 11 days. The stored products were evaluated in their packages atmosphere, total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, texture and sensory quality during storage period. In the air package, the O₂ concentration decreased from initial 21% to 16% on storage 4 days and the CO₂ concentration increased to 23% on storage of 11 days, which resulted from the growth of microorganisms. CO₂ concentration decreased from initial 98% to 36% on storage 11 days in the 100% CO₂ package. It is reasoned that CO₂ was dissolved into the product reducing the volume of the package. Vacuum and vacuum +O₂ absorber package maintained shrunk vacuum condition until 11 days of storage. Total aerobic bacteria count increased significantly in the control package (6.41 log (cfu/g) after 11 days) compared to the 100% CO₂ package (4.96 log (cfu/g) after 11 days). Yeast and molds were 6.66 in control package, 3.43 in 100% CO₂ package, 4.66 in vacuum package, and 3.78 in vacuum + O₂ absorber package after 11 days. There was no significant difference between control and the other treatments for the texture of the stored products. Sensory quality was the worst in control package on the storage of 8 days. All treatment groups except control improved the quality preservation, but vacuum and vacuum + O₂ absorber packages suffered from cracking of the product. Thus 100% CO₂ flushing is suggested as a desired packaging condition.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.356-360
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• 1999

Growth-inhibitory effects of citrus oils and agricultural fungicides, which were on the market, on several molds isolated from putrefied citrus fruits were investigated. When fungicidal activities of 11 kinds of synthetic agrochemicals against 6 species of molds, Alternaria alternata, Rhizopus sp., Botrytis cinerea, Monilia candida, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum, were investigated, agrochemicals containing mancozeb or fluazinam as an effective component had the broadest fungicidal spectrum. Agrochemicals containing iprodione, benomyl, azoxystrobin or thiophanate were less effective on the molds and those containing conazole derivative were intermediately effective. Resistance of the molds to the agrochemicals were species- and agrochemical-dependent. Among those molds tested, Penicillium italicum and Alternaria alternata showed relatively higher level of survival in the presence of synthetic fungicides. On the other hand, when the molds were exposed to citrus oils by direct contact, no cell could survive regardless of the species. The fungicidal activity of citrus oils was also confirmed by paper disk method and microscopic observation. These results suggested that citrus oils had broad killing activity against molds. Therefore, it would be necessary to design method for the application of citrus oils in order to improve post-harvest storage of citrus fruits.