• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Seed dehiscence of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer) is affected by moisture, temperature, storage conditions and microbes. Several microbes were isolated from completely dehisced seed coat of ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Younpoong at Gumsan, Korea. We investigated the potential of five Talaromyces flavus isolates from the dehiscence of ginseng seed in four traditional stratification facilities. The isolates showed antagonistic activities against fungal plant pathogens, such as Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia nivalis, Botrytis cinerea, and Phytophthora capsici. The dehiscence ratios of ginseng seed increased more than 33% by treatment of T. flavus GG01, GG02, GG04, GG12, and GG23 in comparison to control (28%). Among the treatments, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 showed the highest of stratification ratio of ginseng seed. After 16 weeks, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 significantly enhanced dehiscence of ginseng seed by about 81% compared to the untreated control. The candidate's treatment of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 showed the highest decreasing rate of 93% in seed coat hardness for 112 days in dehiscence period. The results suggested that the pre-inoculation of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 found to be very effective applications in improving dehiscence and germination of ginseng seed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.52-67
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• 2011

The research investigates the identification of necessary geographic information needed by forest fire suppression helicopter pilots, and the ways to acquire the required information from public institutions. Firefighting helicopter pilots demand 7 physical geographic and 13 human geographic data. Applying the geographical information acquired from Korean public institutions, the following 15 characteristics (3 physical geographic, 12 human geographic) can be found: altitude and highlands, river, high population and urban areas, roads, national park and state boundaries, fuel re-supply facilities, freshwater areas, cultural assets, (LPG)gas charging stations, gas stations, ammunition storage areas, ground power cables, and steel towers. Within the database of physical geography, there is a need for improvement on bird habitat details. Also, the availability of visibility, wind directions, and wind velocity data is limited and therefore requires refining. The location of refueling areas can be obtained by applying information received from institutions to the GIS spatial analysis.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

An FLNG (floating liquefied natural gas) or LNG FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) unit is a notable offshore unit with the increasing demand for LNG. The liquefaction process on an FLNG unit is the most important process because it determines the economic feasibility, but would be a hazard source because of the large quantity of hydrocarbons. While a high efficiency process such as C3MR has been preferred for onshore liquefaction processes, a relatively simple process such as the SMR (single mixed refrigerant) or DMR (dual mixed refrigerant) liquefaction process has been selected for offshore units because they require a more compact size, lighter weight, and higher safety due to their space limitation for facilities and long distance from shore. It is known that an SMR has the advantages of a simple configuration, small footprint, and lower risk. However, with an increased production rate, the inherent safety of SMR needs to be evaluated because of its small train capacity. In this study, the potential explosion risks of the SMR and DMR liquefaction processes were evaluated at the conceptual design stage. The results showed that an SMR has a lower overpressure than a DMR at the same frequency, only with a small production capacity of 0.9 MTPA. With increased capacity, the overpressure of the SMR was higher than that of the DMR. The increased number of trains increased the frequency in spite of the small amount of equipment per train. This showed that the inherent risk of an SMR is not always lower than that of a DMR, and an additional risk management strategy is recommended when an SMR is selected as the concept for an FLNG liquefaction process compared to the DMR liquefaction process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.56-71
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• 2003

Waste landfills have been the center of environmental problems and they must be restored due to environmental pollution, disgusting landscape, and cost of management. It is suggested that they be recycled urban space as cities expand. Specially, nonsanitary waste landfills which have no pollution prevention facilities cause serious problems. Restoring the landfills as parks and golf courses, so on makes more benefits because of cheap use land, closeness to urban area, flat topography applicable to parks and golf courses, and high land values after restoration and the changes to local recreation sites. Restoration of waste landfills is a complex, costly, and interdisciplinary work. But, the waste landfill is a manmade ecosystem. Control, restoration and postmanagement of waste landfills are very important problems. The role of vegetation prevents soil erosion, reduces soil water storage, and obstructs leachate seepage. Early restoration makes derelict lands into man park artificially geared to soil, vegetation, landforms and hydrology. But, Ideal restoration is to make stable ecosystem nature-friendly and compatible with surrounding landscape without more management. Landscape is structured hierarchically with patches and stands as small components and forms forest as large components. Therefore, landscape formation of the waste landfills needs much restoration process. There are many ecological restoration techniques for the waste landfills. Those are divided into artificial and natural methods. The artificial method is anthropogenic plantings while the natural method is to trigger and use succession processes. The most important thing in the restoration of waste landfills is to consider the final restoration objectives of each waste landfill. According to these objectives, the depth of covering layer, planting degree, and structural design should be determined. The effective restoration methods should be selected of artificial and natural options.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

A series of experiments using atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma coupled with transition metal catalysts were performed to remove ethylene from agricultural storage facilities. The non-thermal plasma was created by dielectric barrier discharge, which was in direct contact with the catalyst pellets. The transition metals such as Ag and $V_2O_5$ were supported on ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$. The effect of catalyst type, specific input energy (SIE) and oxygen content on the removal of ethylene was examined to understand the behavior of the hybrid plasma-catalytic reactor system. With the other parameters kept constant, the plasma-catalytic activity for the removal of ethylene was in order of $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ from high to low. Interestingly, the rate of plasma-catalytic ozone generation was in order of $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, implying that the catalyst activation mechanisms by plasma are different for different catalysts. The results obtained by varying the oxygen content indicated that nitrogen-derived reactive species dominated the removal of ethylene under oxygen-lean condition, while ozone and oxygen atoms were mainly involved in the removal under oxygen-rich condition. When the plasma was coupled with $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, nearly complete removal of ethylene was achieved at oxygen contents higher than 5% by volume (inlet ethylene: 250 ppm; gas flow rate: $1.0Lmin^{-1}$; SIE: ${\sim}355JL^{-1}$).

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1978

To get the goal of self-supply of food grain, improvement of post-harvest grain operations in rural area is under consideration as an important task of agriculture in Korea. This is study is focused on elimination of losses and deteriorations of grain and reduction of labour requirements and funds for post-harvest grain operations. The purpose of this study are presentation of basic data referring to conventional post-harvest grain operations in rural area and suggestion of improving methods for the operations, and also finding out reasonable operating processes of the operations. The result of this study are follows; 1. Grain drying in-the-filed which is performed before threshing has major factors of grain loss during drying, and so should be restrained as possible. Combine harvesting system is recommended among other king of mechanized harvesting systems for restraining in-the-field drying and securing available labors for drying. 2. It is predicted that mechanical grain drying could be prevalent when combine harvesting is taken place. Recommended grain drier for pre-combine harvesting system and for combine harvesting system is batch-type drier and circulating -type drier, respectively. 3. As existing farm storages for grain have insufficient spaces and offer poor conditions for grain storing , it is greatly needed to build up new storage which store only grains. And it is concluded that storing grain in community common storages in desirable. 4. Power supplying system for milling machinery in local milling plants, that a large capacity prime mover supplies power to 4 to 6 kinds of milling machinery simultaeously, should be converted to a system of several small capacity prime movers supplying power to each machiner y for the purpose of reducing extra consumption of energy. 5. Governmental grain, of which Korean farms produced, should be milled and stored in the local milling plant successively for the purpose of reducing transportation fee and stroing facilities. 6. Furture post-havest grain operations-drying, storing and milling should be periormed successively in he community common plant. And average optimum processing capacity of the plant is estimated about 300 metric ton of grain every year.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.4 s.33
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

This paper provides a fusion technology between a district cooling energy system and an environment conservation policy based on the energy savings and reusable cold energy resources. The district heating and cooling systems are very effective ways for an energy saving, a cost reduction and a safety control. It is necessary to equalize the energy savings and an environmental preservation policy for an improved human lift. A gasification process of a liquefied natural gas, cooling water from deep seawater and an ice water thermal storage system may produce a cold energy. A district cooling system is used to cool an apartment, office buildings and factory facilities with a cooling energy supply pipeline. LNG cooling energy will switch a conventional air-conditioning system, which is operated by on electrical energy and a Freon refrigerant. Coincident with significant clean energy and operating cost savings, LNG cold energy system owen radical reductions in an air-borne pollutant, $CO_2$ and the release of environmentally harmful refrigerants compared with that of the conventional air-conditioning system. This study provides useful information on the fusion technology of a LNG cold energy usage and energy savings, and environmental conservation.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-82
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the development strategy of academic libraries in the U.S., U.K., Australia, and Canada which have been established in response to the problems faced since the 1990s. Major problems, which academic libraries in various countries have commonly experienced include continuing decrease in library expenditures, changing role of libraries themselves, changing nature of library collections, development of information technology and technological intrastructure on campus, steep increase in prices of scholarly journals, and relative decrease in purchasing powers of libraries. In this study, discussed are the strategic planning and solutions carried out at the national or government level, rather than by individual libraries. Their efforts commonly focus on such measures as resource sharing, shared catalog and storage facilities, cooperative purchasing and negotiation for scholarly journals, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

It is more important to realize safety management, medium-large accident prevention and risk prediction as accident of industry facilities can generate enormous physical and human damage because most energy plant might handle toxic substance. Especially, atmospheric dispersion system, which is able to simulate situation, have been used for release accident of toxic substance since the accident can show different of dispersion range and velocity according to release material, storage facility and atmospheric status. However those systems have been used generally in design step of industry facility and are difficult to deal with release accident quickly. Although some researches and cases have been studied for using real-time atmospheric information, there are insufficient system for processing quickly release accident. This paper aims to develop real-time smart atmospheric dispersion system that can deal with release accident quickly by enhancing distinct characteristics and efficiency of energy plant, and select release time and area using intelligent algorithm as accident prevention type.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

User-oriented Design is necessary in planning the interior design of Metropolitan Railroads trains, since this is a typical means of transportation in this modem society and all ages people with different body scale use this facility. However, there are little studies about facility panning and zoning of Metropolitan Railroads train considering users. Therefore, in this study, after completing the checklist based on the current legal standards of facility installation of South Korea and Japan, we examined user's facility and suggest several improvement of the opening 14 metropolitan railroad lines in Seoul. Then, we evaluated this facilities according to 41 standards; general facility(24 standards), safety facility(4 standards), guide facility(11 standards), other facility(4 standards). The result of this study may be summarized as follows. 1) General facility has to be designed to obtain lots of room for storage and this facility should be fixed up tightly with secure system. 2) Safety facility should be designed to minimize a difference of floor-level between threshold of train and ground. Also, using various color and material could help passengers to distinguish different space and facility. 3) Guide facility should be designed to guide passengers to the accurate direction with proper sign design in the pathway of Metropolitan railroad train. Also, more various color, which based on the research about physiological and psychological effect, should be used to guide people. 4) Other facility should equip more visual system using common good and informative contents. Through this study, we try to understand the current interior physical condition of Metropolitan Railroads trains. However, for future studies, it is expected to supplement evaluation standards considering aesthetic design, environmental improvement of indoor air quality and the satisfaction and demand of Metropolitan Railroads trains.