• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2019

The use of anti-scatter grids in radiographic imaging has the advantage of preventing the image distortion caused by scattered radiation. However, it carries the side effect of leaving artifacts in the X-ray image. In this paper, we propose a grid line suppression technique using discrete cosine transform(DCT). In X-ray images, the grid lines have different characteristics depending on the shape of the object and the area of the image. To solve this problem, we adopt the DCT transform based on a dynamic segmentation, and propose a filter transfer function for each individual segment. An algorithm for detecting the band of grid lines in frequency domain and a band stop filter(BSF) with a filter transfer function of a combination of Kaiser window and Butterworth filter have been proposed. To solve the blocking effects, we present a method to determine the pixel values using multiple structured images. The validity of the proposed theory has been evaluated from the experimental results using 140 X-ray images.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.424-430
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• 2021

Determining the cause of a traffic signal violation is difficult if the drivers' claims are contradictory. In this study, the process of identifying signal violations using a simulation was presented based on cases. First, statements from the driver or witness whose cause of the signal violation is unclear were excluded. Second, the final position, final location, damaged area, steering status, braking status, and road surface traces of the vehicle were collected. The impact point was investigated from the stop line. Third, simulation data were modified and entered until the collision situation of the accident vehicle and the final stop position were met. Fourth, if the simulation results were consistent with the crash situation, the facts were verified by cross-validation to conform to the driver's statement. The results of the simulation showed that the Lexus entered the left turn signal in the intersection at approximately 55 km/h. In comparison, the Sonata driver saw the vehicle straight ahead at the intersection, entered the 72 km/h intersection, and collided with the Lexus. Therefore, the Sonata was identified as a signal violation, and the claims of the Sonata driver, witnesses, and police were contradictory.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.402-408
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• 2021

Vehicle engineering analysis in the event of an accident caused by a car built on mechanical design has not been investigated in-depth but relies on the subjective experience knowledge of the investigator. This study analyzed the correlation between the speed, progress, steering, and braking before impact, which is consistent with the final stop position, by drawing a site situation chart using the CAD (CAD) program and repeating 250 crashes using the PC-Crash program. The following situations were investigated: lower impact velocity; greater impact speed of the vehicle, which is not affected significantly by the departure angle; higher vehicle speed, such as the effective impact velocity, after the impact; higher vehicle speed; and lower vehicle speed. (Ed note: I am unsure what you are saying here. It appears contradictory and not a complete sentence. Please check the changes.)The simulation results of this study identified the process of returning to the magnetic progression lane after recognizing the opposite porter while Mighty was carried out on the uphill left-curve section in a position that crossed the center line, and the collision of the porter's front left side, pushing the porter in the right diagonal direction and making the front stop towards approximately 11 o'clock.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5D
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• pp.587-595
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• 2008

Many studies on bus scheduling optimization have been done from the 1960s to recent years for establishing rational bus schedule plan that can improve convenience of bus passengers and minimize unnecessary runs. After 2000, as part of the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), the importance of the schedule management and providing schedule information through bus schedule optimization has become a big issue, and much research is being done to develop optimization models that will increase bus passenger convenience and, on the side of bus management, minimize unnecessary bus operation. The purpose of this study is to calculate the optimal bus frequency and create a timetable for each bus stop by applying DTR or DTRC model that use data for each bus stop and route segment. Model verification process was implemented using data collected from bus management system (BMS) and integrated transit-fare card system for bus route of Seoul's No. 472 line. In order to evaluate the reliability and uncertainty of optimal solution, sensitivity analysis was implemented for the various parameters and assumptions used in the bus scheduling model.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

Objective: This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on microglia and memory deficit model. Method: The effects of the KSKH hot water extract on expression of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA and production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS) were investigated. The effects of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine-fine powder on the behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated. Results: 1. The KSKH hot water extract suppressed the expression of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ mRNA in BV2 microglial cell line treated by LPS. 2. The KSKH hot water extract suppressed the production of IL-1$\beta$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in 100$\mu g/m\ell$ concentration of BV2 microglial cell line culture supernatant. 3. The KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE activation significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 4. The KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder showed significant effect on memory impairment in the stop-through latency type of Morris water maze test. Conclusions: This experiment shows that the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder might be effective for the prevention and treatment of amnesia and Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the KSKH hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for amnesia and Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

The present study aims at estimating the model of bus bunching duration along with its influential determinants in an attempt to understand the status of bus bunching being created by buses from various routes converging into one bus stop. To do so, the duration analysis, a well-known survival analysis, was adopted in order to capture the distribution of duration time as for 8 base lines, accordingly developing the model best fit for weibull distribution. Key attention to draw out the duration time model for bus bunching phenomena was laid, by analyzing 18 impact factors, on such criterion variables as number of berth, number of bus line in each berth and maximum capacity of on-and-off passengers in each line. Comparison in two typical types of bus lane was made between bus-only center lane(Dobong Mia-ro) and normal street-side lane(Tongil Euiju-ro). In this regard, the study, based on the model as above, suggested appropriate alternatives to improve the bus operation by effectively controlling bus bunching.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.55-82
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• 2007

Ohjective: This research investigates the effect of the DJR on Alzheimer's disease. Method: 1.The effects of the DJR extract on IL.-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, cox-2, and NOS-II mRNA of BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS; 2. the behavior: 3. the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}$A were investigated. Result: 1. The DJR extract suppressed the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 2. The DJR extract suppressed the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ protein production in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. 3. For the DJR extract group a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by .${\beta}$A in the Moms water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency, and distance movement-through latency. 4. The DJR extract suppressed the over-expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ protein, TNF-${\alpha}$ protein and CD68/CD11b, in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A 5. The DJR extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. 6. The DJR extract reduced the tau protein, GFAP protein, and presenilin1/2 protein (immunohistochemistry) of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}$A. Conclusion: These results suggest that the DJR extract may he effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the DJR extract for Alzheimer's disease of suggested for future research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.651-658
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• 2015

Recently, lots of research works have been actively focused on the self-driving car. In order to implement the self-driving car, lots of fusion techniques should be merged and, specially, it is noted that a vehicle-attached camera can provide several useful functionalities such as traffic lights recognition, pedestrian detection, stop-line recognition including simple driving records. Accordingly, as one of the efficient tools for the self-driving car implementation, this paper proposes a mathematical model for estimating effectively the road distance with a vehicle-attached black box camera. The proposed model can be effectively used for estimating the road distance by using the height of black box camera or the widths of the referenced road line and the observed road line. Through several simulations, it is shown that the proposed model is effective in estimating the road distance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.28-38
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• 2002

Objective : This study is aimed to investigate the effects of bee venom and purified bee venom on cell death in synovial cell line. Methods : It was evaluated by using MTT assay, morphological method, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry analysis, RT-PCR. Results : The result obtained is as follows. 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that synovial cell viability was significantly inhibitted dose-dependently by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control. And the inhibitory effect of BV and PBV was almost same. 2. The morphologic study demonstrated that synovial cell showed apoptotic body resulted from apoptosis after treatment with BV and PBV for 6 hours using microscope. 3. The Flow cytometry demonstrated that apoptosis of synovial cell treated with BV and PBV was related with stop of cell cycle in stage of G0/G1. 4. Immunocytochemistry assay demonstrated that COX-II and iNOS were slightly expressed by treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. 5. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that COX-II were almost down-regulated by high dose treatment with BV and PBV in comparison with control group. iNOS were well down-regulated by treatment with $5{\mu}g/ml$ BV and PBV whereas it was well expressed in control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that bee venom and purified bee venom have significant effect on cell death in synovial cell line and further study is needed in vivo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.304-316
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• 2004

When new services are introduced, one of the drivers for market performance of them is the interactions among existing and new services. They are characterized by the substitution or complementary effects among existing and new service or the cannibalization of existing services by new services. This paper analyzes these issues in the telecommunications service industry context. To analyze them, a simple graphical tool or State Transition Diagram(STD) is developed and used. The diagram helps to clearly represent and explain the substitution, complement and cannibalization impact. Then, using the face-to-face survey of 1,200 people, a new wireless internet access service or WiBro is analyzed to identify the substitution/complement and cannibalization impacts in relation with the other competing services. Additionally, the important factors explaining customer subscription and substitution behavior are identified. The analysis results indicate that males, students or on-line game users are more likely to subscribe WiBro. Also, among the potential WiBro subscribers, customers who are less satisfied with the existing fixed line broadband internet access services are more likely to stop subscribing the fixed line service, which implies substitution by a new service. Additionally, this raises the issue of cannibalization if the existing and new services are provided by the same company. In fact we find the cannibalization effect is more serious for the cost sensitive group. We believe that our tool, approach, analysis results and their implications would be very helpful to devise a winning strategy for the new services in the highly uncertain telecommunications business environment.