• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

The architectural influence from the Yuan had impact on the Goryeo Dynasty in earnest during Yuan intervention period in the 14th century. The representative examples which were influenced by the Yuan architecture are the Eungjinjeon in Seongbulsa(成佛寺) temple, the ten-story stone pagoda of Gyeoncheonsa(敬天寺) temple site, the Bogwangjeon in Simwonsa(心源寺) temple, the Hoeamsa(檜巖寺) temple and so on. Notwithstanding the changes of relationship between two countries, it can be comprehended that there was a selective acceptance of the Yuan architectural peculiarities in Goryeo Dynasty. It means that the adoption of foreign culture in Korea has not been inevitable from the unilateral demand, but been autonomous by perceiving as the advanced culture. This tendency was maintained even though the government had been changed.

• Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2012

The first twenty-five years of scientific study within Korea on Korean traditional ceramics has been characterized as a bridging effort to understand the rich field of artistic ceramic masterpieces on one hand with analytic results gained from mounds of broken shards and kiln wastes on the other. First shard pieces were collected directly from the waste mounds, but most of the analyzed shards were provided by art historians and museum staffs directly involved in systematic excavations. The scientific study is viewed as one of many complimentary ways in learning about the multi-faceted ceramics culture, ultimately connecting human spirits and endeavors from the past to the present to the future. About 1350 pieces of analyzed shards have been so far collected and organized according to the production location and time period. From the experimental results of the analysis, the compositional and microstructural characteristics of bodies and glazes have been deduced for many kiln sites of Goryeo and Joseon dynasties. Except for a few local kilns, porcelain stone was used as body material in both dynasties. The principle of mixing a clay component with a flux material was used in Korean glazes as was in China. The clay component different from body clay was often used early on. In Gangjin a porcelain material appropriate for whiteware body was mixed for celadon glaze, and in Joseon Gwangju kilns glaze stone was chief clay material. The use of wood ash persisted in Korea even in making buncheong glazes, but in Joseon whitewares burnt lime and eventually crushed lime were used as flux material.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.960-976
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• 2010

Even though Joseon Dynasty strictly identified between military and civil officials, the dress and its ornament have been studied only based on embroidery emblems that are correctly identified between military and civil officials. Thus, this study intends to research the features of the only military officials uniform, Cheollik, different from the civil officials's identifying them with other features shown from the records, unearthed relics, stone statue, Joseon-tongsinsa-haengnyeoldo(Illustration of Joseon Delegation to Japan), etc., and its results are as follows: First, for wearing examples of the military officials, from the facts that they had worn mainly ordinary clothes, etc. on announcement of military service examination. There was no difference between military and civil officials's clothes by Daejeonhusokrok and the other documents, and there was an assertion that the form of the military and civil officials's clothes should be different by the document, Hongjejeonseo, in the latter term of the Joseon Dynasty. It is presumed that length, width and shape of sleeves might have been different. Second, unearthed Cheollik of the military officials are mostly from the 16th~17th centuries and most of them have removable sleeves according to statistics. The skirt had an opening and one or two slits. Various textiles were used. Third, military official statues of high governor wear small caps and helmets. They wear Cheollik with the collars same as the collar of Bangryeong and Jikryeong, which is also called Dopji Cheollik. It would be considered as they wear the Bangryeong on top of the Cheollik. Fourth, militarly officials described on the Joseon-tongsinsa-haengnyeoldo(Illustration of Joseon Delegation to Japan) wear Cheollik, Rip, Donggae, Okro, Hongsadae, Hwando, Deungchae.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.461-474
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present a making method of jeans pattern with high fitness after deriving the appropriate shrinkage rate by material and washing process. Research Method of jeans pattern was presented after applying the optimized shrinkage rate. According to the result of the exterior evaluation of test jeans, all 6 jeans were rated high with scores close to 3.5. Following the evaluation of satisfaction of usage by physical movement, the highest ranking was in the order of walking with normal steps, back bending $90^{\circ}$, chair sitting, climbing stairs, and squatting. The shrinkage rate by physical area showed the highest score in the order of pants length, waist circumference, thigh circumference, knee circumference, hem circumference, hips circumference. In addition, the shrinkage rate was higher in warp direction than weft direction after washing finishing. As for the result of addition and reduction of pattern measurements by parts of jeans, waist circumference was $2.5{\sim}5.2cm$, hips circumference was $-1.8{\sim}2.8cm$, thigh circumference was $-1.3{\sim}2.0cm$ and knee circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.7cm$. Also, hem circumference was $-1.0{\sim}1.8cm$ and pants length was $2.9{\sim}6.2cm$. That is, this results showed a wide range of addition and reduction according to material and washing finishing.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1995

In this study of the Buddhist Stone Statues in Namsan in Kyungju. We have found out interesting facts as follow. This study is focused on the way the Buddhist Statues wear the robes. There are two basical types of wearing ; Tongkyun and Pyundanwookyun. In Silla, these types of wearing has been developed into its unique types based on the traditional culture. The stone Buddhist images show seven types of wearing based on the standard ones of Tongkyun and Pyundanwookyun. This variety in wearing rests on the various of Sungkari(Samghathi) and Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) and a chest sash which fixes Niwonsung(Nivasana). There are three cases inferred from the seven types of wearing the Buddha's robes : (1)Tonkyun type A: The only outer wear Sungkari(Samghathi) was put on as Tongkyun type. We can't find out any Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) or the chest sash of Niwonsung(Nivasana). (2)Tongkyun type B: Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is put on the chest of Statue in Sungkari(Samghathi). (3)Tongkyun type C: This type is similar to Tonkyun type A, except that the end of the robe dangled down straight to the right side. (4)Tongkyun type D: Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is bound with a chest sash. (5)Tongkyun type C: The robe is tied on the left shoulder as a cord and Bokgyenui(Samkaksika) is bound with a chest sash. (6)Pyundanwookyun type A: The robe dangled down from the left shoulder to the right armpit diagonally, so left shoulder is naked. (7)Pyundanwookyun type B: This type is similiar to Pyundanwookyun type A, but the end of Sungkari(Samghathi) is bound up to the left shoulder again. Considering above, the robe types of Buddha seem to have something to do with those of the Silla people: The chest sash is similar to the adjustment of Jeogori(the traditional jacket) of the Silla, and the typing cord in Buddha's robe corresponds to that of the traditional types.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.180-194
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• 1985

The author investigated the history of oyster culture in Korea through examining old books and reports dealing with the fishery. Oysters have been produced in the all coastal areas in Korea, especially the center areas of production were the Hwangupo (Hamkyongbuk-do), Younghungman (Hamkyongnam-do), the estuary of Nakdonggang (Kyongsangnam-do), Kwangyangman, Haechangman, the estuary of Yongsangang (Chollanam-do), Yonghoto (Hwanghae-do) and the estuary of Uprockgang, where the large size oyster (more than 40cm in shell height) inhabited in form of groups. It was called by nine different names in the old times, Gul, Seukhwa and Moryeo were the most common names. The oyster was used as 46 kinds of medicinal stuff. The habitat forms of natural oyster can be distinguished to two types; one is that oyster is exposed to the air during the period of low tide (A-type), another is that oyster is not (B-type). The first oyster culture by the old books in Korea was started about 530 years ago as the bottom culture method derived from the A-type of oyster. After long years, the hanging culture method might have been started from the hint of the habitat form of B-type. The oyster culture in Korea developed based on the habitat forms of natural oyster at the biginning of 1900s. After World War II, the Korean government strongly recommded the laver farmers to culture oyster as relief measures. At that time, the stone culture method was mainly adopted. The quantity of oyster production is now about $15{\times}10^6{\sim}19{\times}10^6\;\frac{M}{T}$, and the half of oyster production including seed oyster is exported to the foreign countries.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2023

Interspecific hybridization is a beneficial strategy in aquaculture. In this study, diploid hybrids were produced through interspecies hybridization of flounder Platichthys bicoloratus ♀ × starry flounder P. stellatus ♂, which became commercial within a year. These hybrids exhibited an advantage in growth ability, with female hybrids growing twice as large as males at 11 months. Furthermore, hybrid flounders exhibited faster growth rates than starry flounders and reciprocal hybrids. The average growth rate of hybrids was 1.37 and 1.18 times greater than that of starry flounder and reciprocal hybrids at 5.5 months, respectively; Additionally, feed efficiency was 1.21 and 1.10 times higher than that of the experimental groups. The experiments were conducted at five temperatures to determine the optimal fry production method. Six weeks of culture resulted in a significant temperature effect, with maximum growth at 27℃. However, over 90% of the males occurred in the groups at temperatures above 24℃. Therefore, the optimum temperatures for survival, growth, condition factor and frequency of the best-sized fingerling at 13 weeks of age were estimated at 21℃. Thus, hybrid flounders are of great potential for use in the flounder aquaculture industry.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1988

금석문(金石文)이란 금속이나 돌로 만든 각종 유물에 기획된 명문(銘文)을 말하는데 갑골류, 도기류, 철폐(鐵幣)류 등을 포함하는 경우도 있다. 우리나라 금석문 251점 중 '차(茶)'자가 기록된 것을 조사 연구하였던 바 비문 16점, 와당 1점, 도자기 1점 이었으며 시대별로는 신라시대 5점, 고려시대 13점 이었으며 최초로 기록된 차(茶)자는 전남 장흥군 보림사 보조선사 창성탑비(884년)였다. 그리고 종교적으로는 불교와 관련된 것이 대부분이었으며 금, 향, 구슬 등 여러가지 귀중품 중 차(茶)를 최상의 것으로 취급하였으며 왕으로부터 하사받은 경우가 많았다. 이 연구를 통하여 우리나라 차문화(茶文化)가 신라시대, 고려시대에 번성하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.188-209
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• 2009

우리나라 농어촌은 인구는 적으나 국토경관의 대부분을 차지하며 자연경관과 전통생활문화가 남아 있는 소중한 공간이다. 우리나라 40,000여 농촌마을 중 많은 수가 사라진 당산숲은 우리나라를 대표하는 문화경관으로서, 수백 년 전 마을 주민들에 의해 조성된 후, 현재까지 마을주민들에 의해 보전 관리되고 있는 전통경관이며 우리 농촌이 보유하고 있는 국가적 문화자산이다. 그러나, 근래에 개최된 마을숲 관련 학술대회에서도 발표의 주요 테마는 "마을숲의 개념" 정립과 관련된 것이었으며, 그 동안의 많은 연구에도 불구하고 당산숲 마을숲에 대한 보다 명확한 실체 구명이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 우리나라 농어촌의 문화경관인 당산숲의 특성을 올바로 이해하고자 한 것으로서, 10년간의 문헌검색, 현지 답사활동 등을 통해 발굴한 40개 농어촌마을 당산숲의 조사 분석자료 중에서 당산숲의 3대 구성요소와 당산숲문화로서의 당산제 부분을 발췌하여 정리한 것이다. 당산숲의 3대 구성요소와 관련하여 당산나무는 내륙의 20마을 중에서 16곳, 해안가 20마을 중에서는 11곳이 있었는데, 당산나무를 정해두지 않은 나머지 13마을은 숲 전체를 당산나무로 여기고 있는 경우이다. 내륙의 20마을 당산숲에서 성황당은 9곳으로 45%, 돌탑은 6곳으로 30%가 나타났으며 두 개의 시설물 중 하나라도 나타나는 비율은 14곳으로 70%이다. 해안가 20마을 당산숲에서 성황당은 15곳으로 75%가 나타났는데, 돌탑은 20개 마을 모두에서 볼 수 없어 두 개의 시설물 중 하나라도 나타나는 비율은 15곳으로 75%이다. 당산숲을 올바로 이해하고 지속가능한 관리를 하기 위해서는 당산제를 비롯한 당산숲문화에 대해서 이해할 필요가 있다. 지난 10년간 매년 한 두 마을 정도의 당산제에 참가하여 40마을 중에서 강릉 구정리 등 11개 마을의 당산제는 직접 참관하였고, 화순 동산마을 등 4개 마을은 당산제 전날의 금줄 치기, 황토 뿌리기 등 준비상황을 참관하였다. 그 외의 마을은 당산나무나 돌탑에 있는 금줄 등을 통해 당산제를 지냈음을 확인할 수 있었다.