• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.5
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• pp.552-554
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• 2008

Acer palmatum was selected and its responses to elevated ozone were subsequently measured during growing periods. Ozone concentration of this study was compared to the calculated AOT40 value. A. palmatum had significantly many but small stomata size to the ozone stress. The length of stomata of A. palmatum was reduced from 5.6 to $5.0{\mu}m$ to the ozone exposure. However, the number of stomata (density) was increased from 102 to 131 in the $500{\times}500{\mu}m$ leaf area.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.169-172
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• 1990

The epidermal structure and development of stomata in four taxa of Zingiberaceae viz: Aframomum melegueta K. Schum, Aframomum sceptrum K. Schum, Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale Rosc. have been investigated. Unicellular, eglandular trichomes are observed on the epidermis of A. sceptrum and Z. officienal. Anomocytic stomata with agenous ontogeny, paracitic stomata with eumesogenous ontogeny and tetracytic stomata with mesoperigenous ontogency are recorded in Z. officinale, Aframomum species and C. longa respectively. Stomata of Z. officinale are the smallest in size (20.6$\times$14.3$\times$10.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) while those of C. longa are the largest (42.5$\times$31.5$\times$20.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). These two taxa also recorded the highest (43.7/mm2) and lowest (28.6/mm2) stomatal frequency respectively which suggests a linear regression of frequency on size.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1980

This investigation were carrion out to know the frequency, size and distribution of stomata in Korean ginseng, acanthopanax and codonopsis. The results are as follows; 1. Stomatal frequency in ginseng leaf was remarkably less than those of acanthopanax and codonopsis leaf, but size of stomata in ginseng leaf was larger than those of acanthopanax and codonopsis leaf. 2. Stomatal frequency of one year old ginseng plant was higher than those of the older. Two to five years old ginseng plants were not differed in frequency and size of stomata. 3. Frequency and size of stomata were higher and larger in red-berry variant in compare to yellow-berry variant. 4. Stomatal frequency in different leaf Position was not significantly different among those of middle leaf, first side leaf and second side leaf, but in decreasing order of middle Part, upper, lower part and edge in the same ginseng leaf. 5. Stomata was not seen in adaxial surface and petiole of leaf ginseng, acanthopanax and codonopsis. 6. Stomatal frequency was higher in ginseng plant grown under no$.$shading compared to shading, and that of ginseng plant in rear line was less than that of front line under the same shade roof.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1987

The effects of abscisic acid(ABA) spraying for 12 weeks on the stomatal types and frequencies of O. malacophyllus leaves were summarized as follows. ABA inhibited the growth of O. malacophyllus. The prominent effect of ABA on the epidermal structure was the promotion of senescence such as thickness of cell walls, smooth sinuosity of cell walls, and large size of epidermal cells. The stomatal frequency was decreased to 23% by 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA and to 48% by 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ml-1, and also the stomatal size was more or less smaller than that of control. The developing secondary stomatal mother cell was not found in both 10 and 100$\mu\textrm{g}$ml-1ABA, but the arrested secondary stomatal mother cell was rarely found in 10$\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA. The formation of normal stomatal types such as helico-eumesogenous and aniso-eumesogenous was found in both 10 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA asin well as control. Also nine abnormal stomatal types were found, and the frequencies were promoted to 6% by 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA and to 17% by 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA. Among these abnomal stomata, four types such as aborted stomata, single-aborted guard cells, arrested stomata, and modified stomatal complexes were found in control as well as in 10 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA, but five types such as wrenched stomata, unequal stomata, wavy guard cells, guard cells overlapped by guard cells, and dissolved cell wall stomata were found in both 10 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1ABA. The modified stomata complexes were abnormal stomatal types which were newly found and also were varied in types.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1989

Stomatal variation was observed at the Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station in 1988 using 42 rice cultivars and 30 weed species. The shape, density or size of stomata was varied depending on the species. Two general trends, however, were found that more number of stomata was found at lower leaf epidermis than upper leaf epidermis and stomata number was negatively correlated with stomata size. Aneilema japonica and Portulaca oleracea had the least number of stomata having 17-20 stomata per $m^2$ for upper leaf epidermis and 17-54 stomata for lower leaf epidermis while Polygonum conspicuum had the greatest number of stomata (449 for upper leaf epidermis and 511 for lower leaf epidermis). Soybean, Aeschynomene indica, Ludwigia prostrata and Lactuca indica had the smallest in stomata size while the biggest stomata was found at P. oleracea and A. Japonica that had the least number of stomata. Cyperus species such as C. difformis, C. iria and C. serotinus had no stomata at upper leaf epidermis. The stomata were distributed only at lower leaf epidermis for these species. Potamogeton distinctus, on the other hand, had stomata almost at upper leaf epidermis and thus, hardly found the stomata at lower leaf epidermis. Among rice cultivars, Tongil-type had the greatest number of stomata followed by Indica-type and Japonica-type, in order. Cultivars released after 1960 had more stomata than cultivars released before 1960 for Japonica-type cultivars while stomata size had reversed trend. Jinheung had the least number of stomata (${\fallingdotseq}$ 150 per $mm^2$) while Yushin had the greatest number of stomata (350 for upper and 449 for lower leaf epidermis, respectively) among rice cultivars. Other cultivars having more than 350 stomata per $mm^2$ were Samgangbyeo, Milyang 23, Woonbongbyeo, etc.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.384-392
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• 2023

Stomatal pore is an important physiological trait that is closely linked to photosynthesis and transpiration as carbon dioxide and water vapor move through it between the atmosphere and plants. The present study investigated stomatal traits, such as stomatal density, index and size, of herbaceous native and alien plant species living in a riparian park on the Nakdong River to understand how those traits vary and to know if successful settlement of alien plants is attributed to those traits. There was no difference in stomatal density, index and size between native and alien plants with kidney-shaped stomata, suggesting that an empty ecological niche is not an essential prerequisite for the successful settlement of alien plants. Stomatal density showed a negative correlation with leaf thickness and leaf dry weight content (LMDC), but there was no correlation with Specific leaf area (SLA). All plants with kidney-shaped stomata had amphistomatous leaves, and the density and size of dumbell-shaped stomata were lower than those of kidney-shaped stomata.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 1988

The features offoliar epidermis and stomata are studied in nine genera representing all the four tribes of the subfamily Oldfieldioideae of the family Euphorbiaceae. On both sides of the leaf, the cuticle is generally smooth with more or less straight epidermal anticlinal walls. The epidermal cells are polygonal and their size varied with species on both sides. The costal cells are either distinct (Dissiliaria, Oldfieldia, etc.) or indistinct (Caletieae). In the taxa examined, the stomata are confined to the abaxial epidermis and diffusely orientated except in Caletieae. They are basically of brachyparacytic type; however, they are anomocytic in Androstachys and of a special type in Mischodon. A systematic consideraton of these features showed that they aer not only useful in revealing relationships within the subfamily but also of acid in the classification.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 2001

Microstructure of abaxial leaf surface and carbohydrate content of propagules grown in different culture conditions such as heterotrophic, mixotrophic and autotrophic carbon source were investigated. In the leaves of propagules which were grown in the green house, autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, wax layer was observed, but in the leaves of the heterotrophic propagules, it was not observed. Size and number of stomata of the leaves in the heterotrophic condition was larger and more numerous than that of autotrophic propagules. Especially, stomata of the leaves in the autotrophic condition was similar to the leaves of plant grown in green house. Carbohydrate content was higher in photoautotrophic condition than that in mixotrophic and heterotrophic culture. Also, Free sugar content showed higher in photoautotrophic propagules than that in mixotrophic and heterotrophic culture. In all the culture conditions, content of glucose were higher than that of other free sugars.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 1999

The leaf morphological and anatomical characters about 17 taxa of Aster and its allied taxa were investigated to estimate taxonomic values. Leaf shapes of the treated taxa were divided into five types; elliptic, spathulate, lanceolate, linear, ovatodeltoid. These types were fixed in same taxa, but variable among different taxa, therefore useful as taxonomic character. Leaf margins were divided into four types; entire, serrate, dentate, incised, these types were invariable in most taxa, but variable among individual in same taxa such as Kalimeris incise, Aster spathulifolius. The size and shape of leaf epidermal cell, the size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata, deposit feature of cuticle were not distinguished clearly from treated taxa, but presence of stomata on adaxial surface, size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata were useful taxonomic characters in some taxa such as Gymnaster koraiensis, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, Aster tripolium, Heteropappus arenarius. The leaf trichomes were divided into five types by basic form, sculpturing on their outer surface and cell arrangement; uniseriate granulate conical type, uniseriate psilate conical type, uniseriate psilate filiform type, globular type, biseriate vesicular capitate type. In spite of various habitat, basic morphology of trichomes were not changed, therefore, it was thought to be good taxonomic character.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 1995

Visible injury symptoms such as necrosis, chlorosis and premature senscence in the leaves of Ginkgo bloba and Pinus thunbergii treated with acid rain of pH 3.2 or below were observed. The epicuticular wax erosions were observed by SEM after exposure to acid rain of pH 2.4 and 3.2 in G. biloba and pH 4.0 below in P. thunbergii. The adaxial epidennal cells and sponge parenchyma cells were compressed, and those were distorted in the leaves of G. biloba treated with simulated acid rain of pH 3.2 or below. However, vascular tissue was intact. With increase of acidity, mesophyll cells were smaller than those of control while intercellular space in mesophyU was increased. In P. thunbergii, sponge parenchyma cells and vascular tissue except epidennis were distorted after exposure to acid rain of pH 2.4. The size change of stomata in foliar injury was not observed, but the stomatal index and size of stomatal aperture in leaves treated with acid rain increased. The stomata of injured leaf were opened in both species examined.amined.